Texting while driving is a growing problem that has serious, and sometimes fatal, consequences. Despite laws enacted to curb this behavior, the problem continues to grow. Discovering factors that can reduce such risky behavior can significantly contribute to research, as well as save lives and reduce property damage. This study developed a model to explore the motivations that cause a driver to send messages. The model evaluates the effects that boredom, social relationships, social anxiety, and social gratification (BRAG) have upon a driver’s frequency of typing text messages. In addition, the perceived severity of the consequences and the presence of a passenger were also be evaluated for any moderating effects on a driver’s texting. Furthermore, a set of hypotheses based on the BRAG model were presented. To investigate these hypotheses, a survey instrument was developed and data was collected from 297 respondents at a mid-sized regional university in the Pacific North west of the United States. Prior to the distribution of the survey, an expert panel and a pilot study were used to ensure the reliability of the instrument. Partial least squares structured equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to evaluate the predictive validity of the BRAG model. This evaluation included an assessment of the reflective measures, as well as a detailed analysis of the structural model. Additionally, knowledge visualization techniques were used to emphasize the significance of the findings. The results of this analysis showed that the social gratification one receives from maintaining their social relationships is a significant predictor of texting while driving. Additionally, the results showed that drivers continued to text, regardless of the consequences. However, boredom and social anxiety were not significant predictors of texting while driving. This study makes important contributions to the information systems body of knowledge and has implications for state and local lawmakers, in addition to public health officials. Prior research has shown that bored or anxious individuals use texting to relieve those feelings of discomfort. However, this study did not extend those findings to drivers. As this study found that laws banning texting while driving do not deter this behavior, public health officials and lawmakers should investigate other means of deterring texting while driving, given the significant impact it has on the increase of fatal car accidents in recent years.

This study examined, through a narrative phenomenological framework, the experiences of Korean female caregivers in Canada, and the ways in which filial piety obligations affected their quality of life. The existing literature is scarce on information about caregiving by Korean females in both North America and Canada. Further, caregiving issues regarding caregiving stress have mostly investigated the medical aspects. It was crucial, therefore, to investigate and understand the social aspects of the caregiving experience. Korean daughters-in-law (DILs), who lived with their aging parents-in-law (PILs) in environments profoundly rooted in Confucian values, experienced conflicts with their parents/mothers-in-law. A number of caregiving hardships were identified and categorized according to the following two themes: cultural obligations and direct caregiving practices. Some DILs’ caregiving hardships were heavier when they moved to Canada and adopted a new culture. The findings of this study show that the caregiving practices of these Korean female caregivers in Canada are changing as the DILs have been influenced by their new environment, but the findings also demonstrate that the DILs are still strongly affected by the traditional cultural values in which they were raised. This study investigated their attitudes and behaviours of these women in their caregiving roles by employing a qualitative research design. As little research has been done on immigrant women’s caregiving experience, this study provides an important contribution by examining the lived experience of immigrant women as it is affected by the traditional cultural value of filial piety. / February 2017

60 undergraduate students evaluated male and female counselors on fifteen counselor variables based on listening to a tape recording of a counselor self-introduction paired with an attractive or unattractive picture. Two groups served as control groups; they heard the tape but received no picture. The attractive counselor was perceived as significantly more decisive, interesting, caring, open-minded, likable and better adjusted than the unattractive counselor. These effects were more pronounced for the female counselors than for the male counselors.

Cette thèse de doctorat a pour objectif d’examiner de quelles manières le rôle parental influence la consommation d’alcool des femmes et des hommes et plus précisément, si les relations dynamiques entre le rôle parental, les circonstances au sein desquelles il est mis en acte et les contextes immédiats de consommation permettent d’expliquer les différentes façons individuelles de consommer de l’alcool. Cette étude repose sur le constat qu’en alcoologie, il existe une tendance à considérer l’acteur et l’action comme étant détachés de leur cadre social immédiat. Conséquemment, il existe des limites importantes aux modèles permettant d’expliquer les mécanismes par lesquels les rôles sociaux influencent la consommation d’alcool. Afin d’avoir une meilleure compréhension sociologique de la consommation d’alcool, cette thèse propose un cadre théorique qui insiste fortement sur la nécessité de tenir compte de la situation. L’acteur agit en fonction de certaines circonstances (perception de conflit de rôles) au sein desquelles son rôle est mis en acte. L’action de boire est dépendante du contexte (caractéristiques spatiales, temporelles, symboliques et relationnelles) au sein duquel l’action se déroule. L’hypothèse générale de recherche stipule que pour comprendre la relation entre les rôles et la consommation d’alcool, il faut situer à la fois l’acteur et l’action. La validité empirique du cadre théorique a été testée à partir d’une analyse quantitative des données de l’enquête GENACIS Canada (GENder Alcohol and Culture: an International Study) ainsi que des données de l’Enquête sur les Toxicomanies au Canada. La présentation des résultats des analyses prend la forme de trois articles soumis pour publication. Les données analysées révèlent le bien-fondé du cadre de théorique proposé. Situer l’action a permis de constater que les contextes de consommation sont un médiateur de la relation entre le rôle parental et la consommation d’alcool et plus spécifiquement, que les parents boivent moins fréquemment de façon excessive que les non-parents parce qu’ils boivent dans des lieux différents. Situer l’action a aussi révélé que les femmes et les hommes ont tendance à adopter des comportements de boire qui s’accordent au contexte immédiat, plutôt qu’à la position qu’ils occupent. Par contre, observer les circonstances individuelles au sein desquelles le rôle parental est mis en acte n’a pas permis d’améliorer notre compréhension de la relation à l’étude. Les évidences scientifiques apportées par cette thèse de doctorat ouvrent la porte au développement de mesures préventives environnementales qui visent le contexte de l’action plutôt que l’acteur, pour limiter la consommation excessive d’alcool des femmes et des hommes. / The objective of this doctoral thesis is to examine how the parental role influences women and men’s alcohol consumption. More precisely, it explores whether the dynamic relationships between the parental role, the circumstances into which it is enacted and drinking contexts provide an explanation to the various individual manners to consume alcohol. This research is based on the observation that within the alcohol field, there is a tendency to treat social actor and the social action as if they were detached from their immediate social environment. Therefore, existing models that focus on the mechanisms through which social roles influence alcohol consumption are limited. To achieve a better sociological understanding of alcohol consumption, this thesis proposes a theoretical framework that highlights the necessity to take into account the situation. A social actor behaves according to certain circumstances (between-role stressors) into which his/her role is enacted. Drinking depends on the contexts (spatial, temporal, symbolic and relational characteristics) in which it occurs. The general hypothesis of this research postulates that to understand the association between social roles and alcohol consumption, both the social actor and social action need to be situated. The empirical validity of the theoretical framework has been tested from quantitative analyses of data from the GENACIS Canada (GENder Alcohol and Culture: an International Study) survey and data from the Canadian Addiction Survey. The results of these analyses are presented in three articles submitted for publication. The analyses reveal the legitimacy of the proposed theoretical framework. Situating the act of drinking has allowed to observe that drinking contexts are mediators of the relationship between the parental role and alcohol consumption and more specifically, that parents report to less frequent abusive drinking than non-parents because they drink in different locations. Situating the act of drinking has also revealed that men and women tend to consume alcohol in accordance with the immediate drinking context rather than their positional role. However, observing the circumstances into which individual enact their parental role has not improved our understanding of the relationship under study. The scientific evidences provided by this doctoral thesis open the door to the development of preventive environmental measures that focus on the immediate drinking context instead of the individual in order to reduce abusive drinking behaviors among both men and women.

Abstract Title: The Ticking of the “Biological Clock”: Worry about Future Fertility in Nulliparous Women By: Karen Kersting, M.A., M.S. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2013. Major Director: Kathleen M. Ingram, J.D., Ph.D. Associate Professor of Psychology Department of Psychology Modern women are waiting until later in their lives to have children than women of previous generations, a trend influenced by a number of factors including financial stability, dating norms, and career goals and responsibilities. As women age, their fertility may decline in ways that make it less likely that they will be able to become pregnant and increase the odds having a child born with a birth defect. Some women are known to experience worry about whether they will be able to become pregnant when they are ready to try. The primary purpose of this study was to assess how much women are worrying, what demographic and cultural factors predict higher levels of worry, and if worry about future fertility is related to symptoms of distress. Through online recruitment, 598 nulliparous women between the ages of 25 and 40 years completed a cross-sectional, self-report survey. Mean scores on measures of future fertility worry revealed a low-to-moderate, but consistently present level of worry. As hypothesized, multiple regression analysis showed that higher levels of endorsement of the personal importance of motherhood were related to higher levels of future fertility worry, as was age and the interaction of age and importance, but to a lesser extent. Knowledge of fertility was not related to increased worry. Additionally, higher levels of future fertility worry were shown to be related to higher levels of symptoms of depression and symptoms of anxiety. And an open-ended question revealed that women hold a variety of reasons for not wanting to become pregnant presently, including career, relationship, and financial concerns. Overall, the study contributes rigorous findings to a previously unstudied research question and population: How much do nulliparous women who have not experienced infertility worry about their fertility? And what influences that worry? The findings imply that media, researchers, practitioners, the general public, and even women themselves may have held errant assumptions about the thoughts and feelings of nulliparous women, and that worry about fertility is complex, generally moderate, and closely related to personal values.

Siegfried Kracauer a fait remarquer, déjà en 1931, que le bestseller est un « signe d’une expérience sociologique réussie ». Dans le cas des émissions littéraires à la télévision, nous assistons à une double configuration d’un succès : celui de l’émission, puis celui du livre. Au- delà de leur influence sur la consommation des livres, les programmes médiatiques sur la littérature font partie de l’ensemble de lieux communs (Robert, 2002) et, comme les écoles ou les institutions littéraires, participent à l’établissement des traditions de lecture. Ils présentent explicitement ou implicitement les titres désirables et prescrivent les normes de lecture acceptées. En présélectionnant des livres pour des milliers de gens à la fois, en invitant des auteurs à présenter leur œuvres ou en mettant en vedette des critiques littéraires, ces programmes de formats fort différents participent aux processus de légitimation culturelle. Cette thèse décrit les différentes modalités des formes de présentation du fait littéraire à la télévision et leurs évolutions. À travers une analyse d’une sélection d’émissions qui ont connu du succès à différentes époques et dans différents contextes culturels, cette recherche vise à cerner la relation médiatique qui existe entre la littérature et la télévision. Établissant ainsi les caractéristiques d’une expérience socio-médiatique réussie, cette thèse explore le dispositif de l’émission littéraire télévisuelle tel qu’il s’est développé entre 1950 et 2010, principalement en étudiant les émissions qui ont marqué la télévision nationale et le paysage littéraire en Allemagne, en Espagne et en France. En décrivant le dispositif médiatique qui fait le lien entre la conception, la production, le contenu et la portée de ces émissions, à travers une approche comparée et intermédiale, cette recherche analyse le complexe réseau de médiations qui entrent en jeu dans la construction et dans la réception de ces émissions, suivant quatre axes thématiques: le dispositif médiatique, la relation avec l’écrivain, le rôle primordial du présentateur et la mise en scène des lecteurs. / Siegfried Kracauer famously noted, in 1931, that the bestseller is the « sign of a successful sociological experience ». In the case of televised literary shows, we witness a double configuration of such a success: that of the television show and that of the book. Like the book, the literary shows depend on various factors that are sometime difficult to identify, such as the socio-historical context, the collective imaginary tied to the book and to the activity of reading, as well as the media context. Beyond their influence on the purchase of books, these literary shows constitute a part of the common spaces (Robert, 2002) and, just like the schools and literary institutions, participate in the establishment of reading traditions. They present – explicitly or implicitly – the titles considered desirable and prescribe the norms for accepted readings. By selecting books for thousands of people at a time, by inviting authors to present their works or by featuring literary critics, these shows participate in the process of cultural legitimation. This thesis describes and analyses the various ways of portraying the literary world on television and its evolutions through time and in changing cultural contexts. By analysing a selection of successful shows, it describes the existing relationship between the two media that are the book and the television. Establishing thus the characteristics of an experience that touches both media and sociology, this thesis explores the literary show’s apparatus as it developed between 1950 and 2010, mainly by studying literary programmes that marked national television and the literary field in France, Germany, and Spain. By describing the media apparatus that establishes the link between the conception, the production, the content and the impact of these shows, through a comparative and intermedial approach, this research analyses the complex network of mediations that interplay in the construction and the reception of these shows. It does so by following four key points: the media apparatus, the changing relationship with the writer, the primordial role of the presenter, and the staging of the readers.

Opportunities for aggression occur frequently and unpredictably, but little research to our knowledge has investigated the impact of the mere presence of multiple opportunities on aggression over time. Two studies, one with a Canadian sample (163 participants) and one with an American sample (103 participants) were conducted to analyze the impact of the number of opportunities for aggression on justified and unjustified aggressive thoughts, behaviors, and motivations. Individually, these studies yielded the result that justified aggression remains stable over time, but that unjustified aggression decreases when an individual is given multiple opportunities. Combined, they indicated that justified aggression increased when participants had a second opportunity. Future research is proposed to understand the impact of moral licensing on aggression over time, and to understand why unjustified aggression occurs.

O estudo analisa alguns discursos da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD) no sul de Moçambique e problematiza os diálogos desta igreja com aspectos de diferentes contextos religiosos e com o poder político. A inspiração teórica está nos autores que apontaram as implicações políticas de diversas práticas religiosas e dos discursos sobre feitiçaria em contextos africanos (P. Geschiere, H. G. West, e outros) e nos autores que apontaram as dificuldades para designar algo como estritamente político ou estritamente religioso (T. Asad, e outros). Neste sentido, o estudo não partiu de uma definição de religião, mas busca identificar o lugar que a religião ocupou e ocupa em Moçambique. Além da utilização de fontes secundárias, o estudo analisa alguns materiais escritos produzidos pela IURD em Moçambique, alguns programas televisivos, algumas reuniões da IURD em Moçambique, e entrevistas com líderes religiosos moçambicanos. Sem ignorar as continuidades em relação à IURD no Brasil, o estudo aponta que diversas práticas de outros contextos religiosos, principalmente tradicionais e zionistas do sul da África, criaram e criam condições para que os discursos da IURD sejam significativos no sul de Moçambique. / The study analyzes some discourses of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG) in southern Mozambique and problematizes the dialogues of this church with aspects of different religious contexts and with political power. The theoretical inspiration lies in the authors who pointed out the political implications of various religious practices and witchcraft discourses in African contexts (P. Geschiere, H. G. West, and others) and in the authors who pointed out the difficulties to designate something as strictly political or strictly religious (T. Asad, and others). In this sense, the study did not start from a definition of religion, but seeks to identify the place that the religion occupied and occupies in Mozambique. In addition to the use of secondary sources, the study analyzes some of the written materials produced by UCKG in Mozambique, some television programs, some cults of the UCKG in Mozambique, and interviews with Mozambican religious leaders. Without ignoring the continuities in relation to the UCKG in Brazil, the study points out that several practices in other religious contexts, mainly \"traditional\" and Zionist in southern Africa, have created and created conditions for the UCKGs speeches to be significant in southern Mozambique.

A inovação tem sido amplamente reconhecida como uma fonte essencial de vantagem competitiva para as organizações. Este estudo buscou evidenciar, sob a ótica da teoria da aprendizagem organizacional, que as empresas precisam ser capazes de recombinar e criar seus recursos por meio do comportamento de bricolagem, com a finalidade de desenvolver a inovação frugal em mercados emergentes. Assim, nesta pesquisa procurou-se responder a seguinte pergunta: A bricolagem configura-se como um antecedente da inovação frugal para empresas em mercados emergentes? Logo, neste trabalho o objetivo principal foi identificar se a bricolagem influencia no desenvolvimento da inovação frugal. Além disso, analisou-se também se a bricolagem é estimulada em contextos de crise, evidenciados em mercados emergentes pela escassez de recursos e por crises financeiras, como no caso do Brasil. Assim, na pesquisa levantou-se as seguintes hipóteses: H1: O processo de bricolagem está positivamente relacionado com a inovação frugal; H2: A inovatividade organizacional modera positivamente a relação entre bricolagem e inovação frugal; H3: Um contexto de crise estimula a utilização da bricolagem nas empresas para desenvolver recursos. Essas hipóteses foram testadas estatisticamente por meio da técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais, utilizando-se uma base de dados coletados pelo método survey contendo 215 empresas no Brasil. Os resultados permitiram suportar as hipóteses H1 e H3 confirmando, respectivamente, a influência positiva da bricolagem no desenvolvimento de inovação frugal, e a influência do contexto de crise no comportamento da bricolagem. A hipótese H2 não foi confirmada, denotando que a inovatividade organizacional não necessariamente modera a relação da bricolagem com a inovação frugal. Com isso, contribuiu-se com a literatura de bricolagem e de inovação frugal, bem como estabeleceu-se uma ligação entre ambas, evidenciando a bricolagem como antecedente para desenvolver inovação frugal, principalmente em contextos de crise em mercados emergentes como o vivenciado no Brasil. / Innovation has been broadly recognized as a fundamental source of competitive advantage for organizations. This study sought to highlight, through the perspective of the organizational learning theory, that companies need to be able to recombine and create their resources through the bricolage behavior in order to develop the frugal innovation in emerging markets. Thus, in this research we tried to answer the following question: Is bricolage an antecedent of frugal innovation for companies in emerging markets? Therefore, in this work the main objective was to identify whether bricolage can influence the development of frugal innovation. In addition, it was also analyzed whether bricolage is stimulated in crisis contexts, evidenced in emerging markets due to resource scarcity and financial crises, as in the case of Brazil. In this sense, the following hypotheses were established: H1: The bricolage process is positively related to frugal innovation; H2: Organizational innovativeness positively moderates the relationship between bricolage and frugal innovation; H3: A crisis context encourages the use of bricolage in companies to develop resources. These hypotheses were statistically tested using the structural equation modeling technique, using a database collected by the survey method encompassing 215 companies in Brazil. The results allowed to support the hypothesis H1 and H3 confirming, respectively, the positive influence of bricolage in the development of frugal innovation, and the influence of the crisis context on the bricolage behavior. The hypothesis H2 was not confirmed, denoting that organizational innovativeness does not necessarily moderate the relationship between bricolage and frugal innovation. This study has contributed to the literature of bricolage and frugal innovation, as well as established a connection between both, evidencing the bricolage as antecedent to develop frugal innovation, especially in contexts of crisis in emerging markets such as experienced in Brazil

A partir de um apanhado bibliográfico sobre os modelos possíveis de educação bilíngue, bilinguismo, língua, linguagem, aquisição de linguagem, identidade, cultura e identidade cultural na pós-modernidade, a pesquisa aqui apresentada investiga e discute evidências da identidade cultural de crianças que estudam em escolas bilíngues, evidências essas encontradas em suas composições musicais. Recebe de Bloomfield (1933) e Thiery (1978) uma visão do bilinguismo que leva em consideração o sujeito inserido em uma sociedade e detentor de cultura. Apresenta os modelos de educação bilíngue com o aporte de Fishman e Lovas (1970) e Hamers e Blanc (2000) e faz uso de um estudo realizado com escolas bilíngues por meio de questionário, para constatar que o modelo de imersão é o mais comum na educação infantil enquanto o ensino fundamental tem o modelo de enriquecimento com grande presença. Busca-se aqui conceituar língua e linguagem para entender como música pode ser considerada uma linguagem, e apontar que, pelo uso de símbolos e potencial de comunicação, e por ser conhecida por todos os indivíduos, a música é sim uma linguagem, passível de interpretação subjetiva. A identidade é ponto fundamental na pesquisa, na especificidade de cada sujeito, sua formação e entendimento de cultura (Hall, 1997, 2000, 2006) identificáveis nas composições musicais. A metodologia adotada é de cunho etnográfico, em que as composições coletadas durante as aulas de música dadas pela pesquisadora são tratadas como evidências que auxiliam em responder qual papel as aulas de música podem ter na formação de identidade cultural e aprendizagem de linguagem. O presente estudo também visa compartilhar algumas sugestões de atividades de música, tanto em português como em inglês, oferecendo conteúdos de linguagem musical, apreciação, escuta, composição e improvisação, e diminuir o espaço entre prática e pesquisa, que há na educação musical, especificamente no contexto bilíngue. / Through a literature review on bilingual education models, bilingualism, language and its acquisition, identity, culture and cultural identity in postmodern societies, this research investigates and discusses the cultural identity evidences on musical compositions from students in a bilingual school. Takes from Bloomfield (1993) and Thiery (1978) a bilingualism vision that considers the subject inserted in a society and culture owner. Elaborates on bilingual education models with inputs from Fishman and Lovas (1970) and Hamers and Blanc (2000) and draws upon a questionnaire research with bilingual schools to state that immersion is the most common model in pre-K schools while additive models in elementary schools are the main actor. Aims to conceptualize language to understand how music can be considered a language and points out that due to its use of symbols and communication potential, and for being known by all individuals, music is indeed a language, subjected to interpretation. Identity is one main support for the research, either on the specificity of each subject, his formation and cultural understanding (Hall, 1997, 2000, 2006) seen on musical compositions. Embraces an ethnographic methodology where the compositions recorded during musical classes given by the researcher are evidences that help to answer the role that music classes might have in the cultural identity formation and language learning. Shares some suggestions of musical activities both in Portuguese and English with musical language, appreciation, listening, composing and improvising contents. It also aims to close the gap between practices and research today in music education, specifically in a bilingual context.