Le théâtre ne choisit pas nécessairement le détour pour représenter le temps présent des spectateurs. Souvent négligée voire méprisée par la critique, la mise en scène directe de l’actualité propose pourtant un terrain d’étude fécond du regard que les individus d’une époque portent sur leur existence dans le temps. Vecteur privilégié de la polémique orchestrée par les catholiques et les protestants à l’époque des conflits religieux, le théâtre d’actualité mêle toutes les formes et tous les héritages pour proposer à son public une vision à la fois divertissante et tranchée du présent, propre à conforter la communauté spectatrice dans ses positions. Les formes et les fonctions de ce théâtre évoluent cependant à mesure que l’opposition religieuse se déplace du terrain théologique au terrain politique, et à mesure que l’espoir d’une conciliation laisse place au conflit armé. À la vision eschatologique du théâtre d’actualité protestant qui voit dans le présent une annonce de l’imminente fin du monde et à la tentative désespérée du théâtre d’actualité valois de maintenir la fiction d’un présent doré de concorde succède le constat d’un présent de fer, qui fait de la scène le reflet sanglant d’une actualité particulièrement violente, convoquant son public à l’action. La paix de compromis établie par l’édit de Nantes et le devoir d’oubli qu’elle impose substitue à cet horizon pragmatique un horizon mémoriel : la représentation du présent sur la scène devient un enjeu de « souvenance », alors que se met en marche la légendarisation de l’action pacificatrice de la monarchie bourbonienne. / Displaying contemporaneous events on the theatre stage does not necessarily need to involve mythological or historical transposition. Often neglected or even despised by theatre critics, the representation of contemporaneousness, however, offers a particularly fertile field of study when it comes to analysing how individuals reflect on their own existence in Time.During times of religious conflict in Europe, both Catholics and Protestants alike used the stage as a powerful vehicle to stir controversy; situated at the crossroads between multiple forms and influences, theatre can provide its public with a re-presentation of present time both entertaining and critical, designed to strengthen a community’s actual and intellectual unity. What is more, forms and functions of “topicality” on stage evolve and develop further as religious conflict shifts from the theological to the political battleground and hope for reconciliation is overshadowed by escalating armed conflicts.Whilst Protestant topical theatre finds numerous concurrent signs of the imminent end of the world, the topical theatre created and represented at the Catholic Valois court tries desperately to maintain the illusion of a Golden Age of concord; soon thereafter, however, an Age of Iron is acknowledged, in which theatre reflects the violence and bloodthirstiness of its time and calls on the audiences to take action. When the compromise of the edict of Nantes imposes peace and amnesty, this pragmatism is substituted by a drive towards memorialisation: performing the present on stage becomes a matter of remembrance, at a time when the Bourbon monarchy tries to turn the recent past into a legend.

Ce travail restitue la trajectoire de circulation et de traduction du postcolonial en France. En proposant une analyse à la fois sémasiologique et onomasiologique du terme postcolonial, cette thèse cherche à montrer comment émerge et se diffuse une nouvelle grille de lecture du monde social. Celle-ci permet de faire émerger une imbrication conceptuelle complexe mettant en relation les concepts d’idéal républicain, d’universalisme, de multiculturalisme, d’identité nationale et de discriminations. Ce travail retrace les conditions de possibilités de ce nouveau vocable à travers l’analyse de trois espaces : politique, savant et intellectuel. Il montre comment des thématiques, d’abord confinées dans les espaces sociaux, tendent progressivement à s’imbriquer au début des années 2000. L’analyse de l’année 2005, comme point de rupture dans la visibilité de cette thématique, permet de mettre en évidence la constitution d’espaces de traductions : de nouvelles revues et maisons d’éditions et d’insister sur les trajectoires multiples des traducteurs. Enfin, ce travail propose une cartographie de la controverse engendrée à la suite de la réception du terme postcolonial à travers une analyse de ses scènes, de sa spatialisation et de ses motifs argumentatifs. / This work articulates the circulation and translation of the trajectories of postcolonial studies in France. Proposing both semasiological and onomasiological analyses of the postcolonial term, this thesis intends to show how a new interpretation of the social world rise and spread. A complex and conceptual overlapping emerges where the notions of “idéal républicain”, universalism, multiculturalism, “identité nationale” and discrimination are related. This work outlines the conditions of possibility of this new semantic through the analysis of three areas: political, scientific and intellectual. It demonstrates how themes, prior confined in specific social areas, tends to gradually overlap at the beginning of 2000’s. The analysis of the year 2005, as a turning point in the exposure of this topic, highlights the creation of translation areas: new journals, publishing houses and outlines the various trajectories of translators. Finally, this work propose a cartography of the controversy generated following the reception of the term postcolonial in France through the analysis of its scenes, its spatialization and its argumentative patterns.

This thesis provides the first large-scale reintegration of anti-Methodism into the wider theological controversies of the eighteenth century. It argues that there was a close connection - and in many cases, a direct link - between anti-Methodist writers and those involved in other theological controversies. Moreover, it shows that anti-Methodist polemics interacted with and were informed by contemporary debates on such issues as Deism, miracles, and the afterlife. This study also explores authors who used anti-Methodism as a forum to voice heterodox views. The fact that these heterodox ideas were often disagreeable to both evangelicals and High Churchmen is significant because it suggests that - on various points of theology - John Wesley and George Whitefield differed little from their ‘orthodox' Anglican opponents. By highlighting these theological similarities between evangelicals and High Churchmen, this thesis challenges the traditional stereotype that the eighteenth-century Church of England had become indifferent to theology. Chapter One introduces Wesley and Whitefield's key Anglican opponents, and discusses the print culture of early anti-Methodist literature. Chapter Two locates the soteriological disputes between Methodist and anti-Methodist divines as part of a long-standing debate on faith and works, which can be traced back to earlier clashes between Reformed and Arminian divines during the Restoration period. Chapter Three analyses Methodist teachings on self-denial, and considers the ways in which anti-Methodist clergymen reconciled their attacks on evangelical asceticism with their seemingly contradictory charges of antinomianism. Chapter Four explores how anti-Methodism was used as a platform to voice heterodox views on original sin and the afterlife. Chapters Five and Six provide a fundamental reappraisal of the relationship (and perceived relationship) between evangelicalism and irreligion by showing that anti-Methodism overlapped with anti-Deism and the eighteenth-century miracles debate. The final chapter shows that anti-Methodist authors often adopted a decidedly partisan approach to historical writing, which was modelled on seventeenth-century polemical historiography.

abstract: Online discussion forums have become an integral part of education and are large repositories of valuable information. They facilitate exploratory learning by allowing users to review and respond to the work of others and approach learning in diverse ways. This research investigates the different comment semantic features and the effect they have on the quality of a post in a large-scale discussion forum. We survey the relevant literature and employ the key content quality identification features. We then construct comment semantics features and build several regression models to explore the value of comment semantics dynamics. The results reconfirm the usefulness of several essential quality predictors, including time, reputation, length, and editorship. We also found that comment semantics are valuable to shape the answer quality. Specifically, the diversity of comments significantly contributes to the answer quality. In addition, when searching for good quality answers, it is important to look for global semantics dynamics (diversity), rather than observe local differences (disputable content). Finally, the presence of comments shepherd the community to revise the posts by attracting attentions to the posts and eventually facilitate the editing process. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2016

Background:               Thanks to digitalization, the current generation Y is constantly exposed to advertising and information, blurring boundaries that can lead to a “buzz”, process more and more common online due to the possibility to publicly respond.   Purpose:          The aim is to understand the processes leading to a possible influence of consumer perception via negative online word-of-mouth and advertisements deemed controversial.   Method:          As an exploratory study, this paper conducted qualitative interviews with a group of students in which they will react to two cases of viral, controversial advertisement.    Conclusion:                The results show that there is indeed a relation between being exposed to negative online word-of-mouth: controversy and interpretation of the content influence the customer’s opinion.

El objetivo de la presente investigación es exponer y testar una hipótesis exegética y filosófica sobre el método de división propuesto por Platón en el Fedro. Según mi hipótesis, este método de división visa resolver la controversia a través de la formulación de argumentos y contra-argumentos que examinan la consistencia de definiciones opuestas sobre un mismo asunto, con el fin de determinar cuál es su definición correcta. Para esto, en el primer capítulo explico las principales nociones del método del Fedro y describo el modus operandi de este método. En el segundo y en el tercer capítulo, testo el modus operandi antes descrito a través de la evidencia textual del Fedro. / The aim of the present research is to expose and test an exegetical and philosophical hypothesis about Plato´s division method in his dialogue Phaedrus. According to my hypothesis, Plato´s division is a method that aims to resolve controversies via the formulation of arguments and counterarguments that test the consistency of opposed definitions. Consequently, the method ends with a correct definition. To achieve this aim, in chapter 1, I explain the principal notions of the method and describe the modus operandi of this method. In chapter 2 and chapter 3, I submit to critical examination the aforementioned modus operandi through the textual evidence founded in Phaedrus.

O escopo da presente pesquisa é mapear a controvérsia pública sobre o uso da ayahuasca no Brasil. Primeiramente, foco a literatura acadêmica e a forma como a história da ayahuasca é abordada ao longo de três décadas de debate. Em seguida, exploro um universo documental amplo que inclui produções acadêmicas, midiáticas, políticas públicas, documentos institucionais de entidades ayahuasqueiras e produções de integrantes dessas instituições para elaborar um mapeamento da controvérsia pública sobre a ayahuasca no Brasil e seus desdobramentos. Por fim, partindo de um trabalho etnográfico realizado no Centro Pronto Socorro Espiritual Raimundo Irineu Serra, problematizo as formas de apresentação, justificação das práticas e construção de legitimidade no espaço público de uma instituição que faz uso da ayahuasca. / The scope of this research is to map the public controversy concerning the use o ayahuasca. First, I focus on the academic literature and the ways which the history of ayahuasca is covered over three decades of debate. Then I explore a wide documental universe which includes academic productions, media, public policy, institutional documents of ayahuasca entities and productions of members of those institutions - to develop a map of the public controversy concerning ayahuasca in Brazil and its aftermath. Finally, based on an ethnographic study, conducted at Centro Pronto Socorro Espiritual Raimundo Irineu Serra, I analyze the forms of presentation, justification of practices and the construction of legitimacy in the public space of an institution that makes use of ayahuasca.

Esta pesquisa teórica investiga a controvérsia acadêmica sobre avaliações em larga escala no Brasil, sistematizando as posições/argumentos desse debate na forma de um continuum argumentativo, além de delinear tensões discursivas e contextuais que circundam e perpassam a polêmica sobre a avaliação da escola básica. A revisão de literatura pertinente e a apreciação dos discursos acadêmicos gravitantes da temática, do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico, orientaram-se pela noção de polifonia (BAKHTIN, 2005; MAINGUENEAU, 2002; CHARAUDEAU; MAINGUENEAU, 2016). Ou seja, pelo esforço de abordar, de forma simultânea e equipolente, as várias vozes que se pronunciam diversamente sobre o tema das avaliações em larga escala no Brasil. Desse modo, a incursão teórica segue por três eixos de sistematização/interpretação: 1) a reconstituição da trama histórica do desenvolvimento do aparelho de avaliação externa no Brasil, por meio de uma periodização interpretativa que põe em relevo as tensões e disputas centrais que incidiram nas discussões entre acadêmicos e especialistas da avaliação; 2) o mapeamento dos conceitos abrangentes (categorias-chave da problemática educacional estreitamente vinculadas à esfera da avaliação), evidenciado tensões potencialmente constitutivas da controvérsia da avaliação; 3) o desvelamento do embate ideológico-discursivo no campo da avaliação e seu desdobramento políticopedagógico em diferentes zonas argumentativas - gradações de um continumm com diferentes graus de apoio e recusa às avaliações externas e em larga escala. Por fim, ao relacionar as tensões discursivas geradoras e as tensões contextuais constitutivas da controvérsia em questão, propõe-se uma formulação teórica exploratória sobre a gênese do continuum argumentativo, com potencial de orientar possíveis desdobramentos teóricos e empíricos da investigação aqui empreendida. / This theoretical research investigates the academic controversy about large scale assessments in Brazil, systematizing the views/arguments of this debate in a form of a continuum argumentation, outlining the discursive and contextual tensions that surround and permeate the polemics about large scale assessment in basic school. The relevant review of the literature and the appraisal of academic discourses about the theme, from the theoretical-methodological point of view, were supported by the notion of polyphony (BAKHTIN, 2005; MAINGUENEAU, 2002; CHARAUDEAU; MAINGUENEAU, 2016). By the effort to approach, simultaneously and in an equipollent way, the different voices that are expressed diversely about the theme of large scale assessment in Brazil. Therefore, the theoretical incursion is in accordance with three pillars of systematization/interpretation: 1) The reconstruction of a historical plot about the development of external assessment apparatus in Brazil, by means of interpreting the periods that highlight the tensions and central disputes in the discussions between scholars and experts in assessment; 2) The mapping of broad concepts ( key-categories of the educational problematic closely linked to the sphere of evaluation), highlight tensions that potentially constitute the controversies of assessment.; 3) the unveiling of the ideologically-discursive conflict in the field of assessment and its political-pedagogical unfolding in different argumentative areas gradations of a continuum with different degrees of support and the refusal of external assessment in large scale. Finally, in relating the discursive tensions generators and the constitutive contextual tensions of the controversy at issue, an exploratory theoretical formulation is proposed about the genesis of the continuum argumentative, with the purpose to guide possible theoretical and empirical unfolding of investigation here pursued.

Centrada numa perspectiva discursiva - a da análise do discurso - esta pesquisa trabalha tendo como foco teórico a constituição/identidade das formações discursivas e relações interdiscursivas de caráter polêmico. Além disso, indagações como as dimensões interdisciplinares da análise do discurso e a concepção de análise do discurso político ficaram também contempladas na trajetória. Para efeito de averiguação da conformação do foco teórico, escolhemos como corpus a diversidade dos discursos escritos que se confrontaram, durante o processo de privatização da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce - CVRD - maior companhia do mundo em atividade de extração mineral. Esse processo não se deu de forma pacífica e consensual, mas sob exaustivos debates de confronto entre governo e sociedade civil. Esse confronto levou a um questionamento: o fato de o processo ter se dado sob exaustivos debates, configurou-lhe uma aparência democrática, no entanto, o discurso \"vencedor\" é aquele identificado com o discurso governamental o qual propõe e efetiva a privatização. Se houve estratégias de condução do processo, como está caracterizado o perfil do discurso \"vencedor\": persuasivo, convincente ou simplesmente hegemônico? Esse questionamento, em linhas gerais, levou aos seguintes objetivos: confrontar os argumentos verificando a força de um em relação ao outro; verificar o mecanismo de refutação e como as identidades e as imagens discursivas são construídas. A questão subjacente é buscar compreender, através de formas de produção de sentidos como os fenômenos políticos se instalam ou se constituem discursivamente numa confluência de espaços e poderes nem sempre passíveis de clareza e visibilidade. / Centred around a discursive perspective - the discourse analysis - this research has as theoretical focus the constitution/identity of the discursive formations and controversial interdiscursiviness relations. Furthermore, inquiries such as the discourse analysis interdisciplinary dimensions and the conception of the political discourse analysis were also observed. In order to verify the theoretical focus , we have chosen as corpus the written discourses diversities that confronted during Companhia Vale do Rio Doce - CVRD privatization process. CVRD is the largest mining company in the world. Its privatization process did not happen in a peaceful and consensual way, but with exhaustive confrontational debates between government and civil society. This confront led to a question: as the process has occurred with exhaustive debates, it happened to have a democratic appearance, nevertheless, the \"victorious\" discourse is the one identified with the governmental discourse, that proposes and effects the privatization. If there were strategies of how to conduct the process, how is the appearance of the persuasive \"victorious\" discourse characterized, convincing or simply hegemonic? On the whole, this question, has led to the following objectives: confront the arguments verifying the strength of one in relation to the other; verify the refutation mechanism and how the identities and discursive images are built. The underlying question is to understand, how the political phenomena are settled or if they are established discursively in a space and power confluence not always liable to clarity and visibility.

Submitted by Priscilla Araujo (priscilla@ibict.br) on 2015-11-25T18:58:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 21267 bytes, checksum: 73e23c2acaaf13389e092bd813e3223d (MD5) DAYSE_TESEmax.pdf: 41431675 bytes, checksum: 1a280b3392c43d174bce18ee1a15aff9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-25T18:58:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 21267 bytes, checksum: 73e23c2acaaf13389e092bd813e3223d (MD5) DAYSE_TESEmax.pdf: 41431675 bytes, checksum: 1a280b3392c43d174bce18ee1a15aff9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-24 / O desastre nuclear de Fukushima, ocorrido em março de 2011, foi central para a crise que se instalou, desde então, no governo e na economia do Japão e ainda para a reativação, em termos globais, da persistente controvérsia sobre a energia nuclear. A abordagem do desastre pela mídia estendeu-se além da cobertura restrita do acidente, prováveis causas e consequências imediatas, e levou Fukushima e seus desdobramentos a ocupar, durante meses, lugar central nos noticiários sobre temas em economia, geopolítica, política energética e ambiental, tecnologia, sociologia das organizações, comunicação e política de informação. O material noticioso produzido por uma agência de notícias sobre o episódio foi utilizado neste trabalho para discutir o escopo da controvérsia nuclear, seu desenvolvimento e estabilização, que questionamentos estabelecem e que visões políticas refletem, evidenciando, a análise desse material, o processo de organização e seleção de informações, conduzido com o objetivo de definir os temas e as posições que alimentaram a retomada da controvérsia. A opção, tomada por esta pesquisa, de observar a controvérsia nuclear pelo foco das narrativas jornalísticas apoiou-se na perspectivajá elaborada desde a década de 1980, de que fluxos de informação intensos, como os gerados pelo episódio de Fukushima, interferem potencialmente na percepção do risco relacionado a eventos similares (SLOVIC, 1987; KASPERSON et al, 1988; JASPER, 1988, 1992; KRIMSKY, 1992) e, consequentemente, na estabilização da controvérsia. Tal opção permitiu discutir as relações entre informação e comunicação, bem como verificar os processos de organização e seletividade da mídia, os quais, a nosso ver, podem explicar seu potencial para definir, ajustar o foco e fazer avançar uma controvérsia. Por outro lado, traduzindo forças conservadoras, defendemos que a comunicação institucional ou pública busca impedir o desenvolvimento de conflitos. / The nuclear disaster at the Fukushima power plant in March 2011 was a central event in the crisis beginning in the government and economy of Japan and leading to a worldwide controversy on the use of the nuclear energy. The approach taken by the media went beyond the usual news broadcasting, reporting causes and immediate consequences and placing Fukushima and its developments, for several months, at central stage place in the news on economy, geopolitics, energy and environmental policy, technology, sociology of organizations, communication and information policy. The news produced by one of the news agencies about the disaster were used in this work to present the kernel of the nuclear controversy, its development and stabilization, taking into account questions and different policies, highlighting the organization process, toward the definition of issues and positions that have led to the resurgence of the controversy. The choice of this work to explore the nuclear controversy through the TV broadcasting news is based on the perspectives, already explored in the 1980's, on the intense information flux such as happened at Fukushima disaster, to interfere on the risk perception related to similar events (SLOVIC, 1987; KASPERSON et al, 1988; JASPER,1988, 1992; KRIMSKY, 1992), and therefore on the controversy stabilization. It allowed to discuss the relationship between information and communication, and how to verify the processes of broadcasting organization and selectivity. It can explain its potentiality to define, adjust the focus and spread a controversy. On the other hand, explaining the conservative forces, we defend that the institutional or public communication tend to avoid the conflict development.