Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Fracaroli.pdf: 677209 bytes, checksum: d30dea0438b67d64e6b23c1a944e0ed3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-18 / This study aimed to examine whether on the administrative, technological and business reality installing a commercial cluster can generate a competitive advantage for organizations, which through the literature search and multicases was possible to conclude that when it comes to performance, market entry development and production, the creation and development of a commercial cluster becomes like a market strategy every day more in the Brazilian scenario. That was conclusive and exhaustive, random noticing gaps difficulties for greater profitability within a cluster, this excels when the participating organizations are smaller, devoid of preparation for the market, in that the cluster is a commercial real leverage. Compete and cooperate simultaneously making practical the concept of competition strategy that was many national companies have joined for working in the market today are concluding that this is a valid competitive strategy and still very much in vogue and grow in the country / Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar se diante da realidade administrativa, tecnológica e comercial a instalação um cluster comercial pode gerar um diferencial competitivo para as organizações, onde através da pesquisa bibliográfica e de multicasos foi possível concluir que em se tratando de atuação, entrada no mercado, desenvolvimento e produção, a criação e desenvolvimento de um cluster comercial se torna como uma estratégia de mercado a cada dia mais dentro do cenário brasileiro. Isso foi conclusivo, mesmo percebendo lacunas de dificuldades para a lucratividade maior dentro de um cluster, esse se sobressai quando as organizações participantes são menores, desprovidas de preparo para o mercado, no que o cluster comercial é uma verdadeira alavanca. Competir e cooperar simultaneamente tornando prático o conceito de coopetição foi a estratégia que muitas empresas nacionais aderiram para estarem hoje atuantes no mercado concluindo que essa é uma estratégia competitiva valida e ainda muito em voga e a crescer no país

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier la coopétition dans les petites entreprises. La coopétition est un sujet de recherche depuis vingt ans maintenant. Cette stratégie fait particulièrement l’objet d’un nombre croissant de publications depuis la fin des années 2000. La coopétition apparaît dans la littérature comme une stratégie paradoxale porteuse de performances mais également de risques pour les entreprises. Ces risques peuvent réduire la performance des entreprises ou bien conduire à l’échec de cette stratégie. Un management de la coopétition apparaît donc comme primordial pour bénéficier pleinement des avantanges de cette stratégie. Cependant, la plupart des études ont été conduites dans des grandes entreprises. Nous ne savons que très peu de choses sur la coopétition dans les petites entreprises. De par la spécificité des petites entreprises d’une part, et la multiplication des stratégies de coopétition dans les petites entreprises d’autre part, la recherche sur la coopétition dans ces entreprises présente de forts enjeux théoriques et empiriques. Cette étude cherche donc à expliquer comment fonctionne la coopétition dans les petites entreprises, c’est-à-dire à décrire ses modalités, à en définir un management efficace pour gérer les risques coopétitifs et à en évaluer l’impact sur la performance. Nous mobilisons une approche qualitative et une approche quantitative pour répondre à ces questions en étudiant le cas des agences immobilières en France. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que : (1) la coopétition dans les petites entreprises obéit drastiquement à la Loi proxémique ; (2) les principes d’intégration individuelle du paradoxe coopétitif, de séparation organisationnelle et de co-management des activités communes entre coopétiteurs sont nécessaires pour manager les risques coopétitifs ; (3) la coopétition impacte positivement la performance dans un contexte de petites entreprises. Les résultats montrent tout l’intérêt de la coopétition pour les petites entreprises et contribue à la connaissance de la théorie générale de la coopétition. / The objective of this research is to study coopetition in small businesses. Coopetition is a subject of research for twenty years now. This strategy is particularly the subject of a growing number of publications since the late 2000s. Coopetition appears in the literature as a paradoxical strategy bringing performance but also risks for companies. These risks may reduce the performance of companies or lead to the failure of this strategy. A particular management of coopetition appears as crucial to fully benefit from the avantanges of this strategy. However, most studies have been conducted in large companies. We know very little about coopetition in small businesses. On the one hand, because of the specificity of small businesses, and on the other hand, the proliferation of coopetition strategies in small businesses, research on coopetition in these companies has strong theoretical and empirical issues. This study seeks to explain how coopetition works in small businesses, that is to say, to describe its modalities, to define an effective management of coopetitive risks and to assess its impact on performance. We mobilize a qualitative approach and a quantitative approach to answer to these questions by studying the case of real estate agencies in France. The results of this study show that: (1) coopetition in small businesses to drastically obeys to the Proximity Law; (2) the management principles of individual integration of coopetitive paradox, of organizational separation, and of co-management of joint activities between coopetitors are necessary to manage coopetitive risks; (3) coopetition positively impacts the performance in a context of small business. The results show the advantage for small businesses to adopt coopetition strategies and contributes to the knowledge on the general theory of coopetition.

Denna studie undersöker hur konkurrenter inom den svenska bankbranschen har samarbetat kring en akut och växande säkerhetsrisk kopplad till gemensamt ägda produkter. Med utgång i en sammankoppling av ​coopetition,​ ett begrepp för att beskriva simultan konkurrens och samarbete, och Strong Structuration Theory, en växelverkan mellan struktur och handling, visar studien hur och varför samarbetet har förändrats över tid, vilka motsättningar som existerar och hur aktörerna samarbetar med bedrägerifrågor. Studiens tydliga implikationer är att coopetition utvecklas över tid som respons på den kontextuella omgivningen och strukturella förändringar inom den, att motsättningar inom coopetition inte bara är ett relationellt fenomen mellan två konkurrenter, och att bankbranschen gynnas av tydliga och externa samarbetsformer.

<p>The understanding of value is often described in terms of an industrial view in which value creation is linear, additive process. The emerging view takes a different approach to value creation: it’s interactive, relationships-based and synchronic. But either of these views capture fully the value creating importance of elements present especially in converging industries: coopetition, networks and external relationships. This thesis has been conducted by gathering primary data from telecommunication industry companies in forms of interviews. The studied companies are engaged in numerous different kinds of external relationships and they are viewed as strategically important. Additionally, respondents believed that their companieswere part of a network but no clear illustration of it could be given. For the purpose of describing some of the complexity present, the value network -framework has been developed.</p>

The understanding of value is often described in terms of an industrial view in which value creation is linear, additive process. The emerging view takes a different approach to value creation: it’s interactive, relationships-based and synchronic. But either of these views capture fully the value creating importance of elements present especially in converging industries: coopetition, networks and external relationships. This thesis has been conducted by gathering primary data from telecommunication industry companies in forms of interviews. The studied companies are engaged in numerous different kinds of external relationships and they are viewed as strategically important. Additionally, respondents believed that their companieswere part of a network but no clear illustration of it could be given. For the purpose of describing some of the complexity present, the value network -framework has been developed.

The increased competitive intensity in several global markets has encouraged firms which traditionally compete, to also collaborate with each other, that is coopetitive branding alliances. Coopetitive branding has, to the best of our knowledge, not been researched from a consumer perspective.Does this mean that consumers remain unaffected when two competitors all of a sudden also collaborate?The purpose of this thesis is to explore how consumers’ brand images can be affected by firms’coopetitive branding strategies. With support from existing alliance literature and an empirical studycomprised of four focus groups, an abductive research approach is adopted.The findings indicate four distinct parameters, which can influence an alliance’s outcome, from theperspective of a consumer’s positive or negative brand image - which is a vital component in consumer-based brand equity. The contradictory nature of simultaneous competition and collaborationmakes coopetitive branding more or less desirable, from a consumer perspective, under differentcircumstances, which need to be acknowledged and managed by the partnering firms. A suggestionfor future research is to examine a wider consumer segment and not only students, to validate thetransferability of our findings.The results contribute to the strategic alliances theory, since existing research has not examinedthe consumer perspective and brand image in relation to coopetitive branding alliances. The resultscan also provide managerial guidelines for firms that wish to understand what elements of a coopetitive branding alliance creates value with consumers.

Le socle de ce travail doctoral est constitué par le résultat d’une recherche antérieure, puisque nous avons réalisé une expérience fort enrichissante, sur l’émergence des projets collaboratifs de recherche et développement, au sein des réseaux d’innovation. Pôles de compétitivité (PDC), clusters et Centre Francilien de l’Innovation, furent, en effet, observés, dans le cadre d’un travail de master. Le principal apport de cette thèse, par rapport à cette précédente réflexion, c’est que nous ne nous sommes pas arrêtée à l’observation des pôles, puisque nous avons été jusqu’aux entreprises porteuses (EP) de projets collaboratifs. Nous ne nous sommes pas, non plus, arrêtée à une analyse descriptive des comportements coopétitifs et d’apprentissage organisationnels, au sein de ces réseaux, puisque nous sommes allée vers une classification de ces comportements, par type et par degré de récurrence. Plus, nous avons eu l’ambition d’en tenter une explication, pour, au final, aboutir à l’élaboration, à partir de ceux qui sont les plus avantageux, d’un modèle de bon fonctionnement des pôles de compétitivité, sans exclure, compte tenu du dégagement d’un certain nombre de recommandations théoriquement justifiées, celle d’un guide de bonnes pratiques, à l’intention des entreprises porteuses de projets de R et D. Nous visons donc, l’optimisation de la qualité du fonctionnement de ces réseaux ainsi que de ces projets collaboratifs de R et D. L’originalité des résultats de cette thèse de doctorat, réside donc dans l’ajout, au document de la thèse, d’un fascicule à part, relié et illustré, en vue, après sa validation par mon jury, de le tirer en 30 exemplaires et de le remettre, en guise de reconnaissance, aux interlocuteurs de notre échantillon de PDC et d’EP, qui, directeurs de pôles, qui directeurs scientifiques, qui chargés de projet, qui chefs de projets, qui Ingénieurs, qui directeurs de recherches, ont bien voulu répondre, lors d’entretiens en face à face, aux 34 questions de 02 guides d’entretiens. Les copieuses données primaires ont été patiemment retranscrites, permettant, de la sorte, la vérification de 05 hypothèses. / The theoretical and practical background of this doctoral work consists of the results of a previous research project, as we carried out a very rewarding experience, about the emergence of collaborative projects research and development, in innovation networks. Pole of competitiveness, clusters and Francilien Innovation Centre, were, in fact, observed.The main contribution of this thesis, with respect to this previous work is that we have observed not only the poles of competitiveness, but also the carrier companies of collaborative projects exploration.In addition to a descriptive analysis of coopetitive behavior and organizational learning within these networks, we have also categorized these behaviors, through their type and degree of recurrence.Moreover, from those most preferred behaviors, we have had the ambition to attempt their explanation for, ultimately, develop a model of functioning of clusters without excluding, the proposal of the release of a number of theoretically justified recommendations, that of good practices guide, for carrier companies to R and D projects.Thus, we are aiming at the optimization the quality of operation of these networks.The originality of the results of this doctoral thesis lies in the addition to the document of the thesis, of a separate booklet, bound and illustrated, in order, after its validation by my jury, to print 30 copies and deliver it, in recognition, to the interlocutors of our sample of PDC and EP (CEO poles, Scientific Directors, Project Manager, Engineer, Creator of the Company, Research Director, Driver innovation), who have responded during face-to-face interview, to 34 questions of 02 guides. Copious primary data were patiently transcribed, allowing, in this way, the verification of 05 hypothesis.

Companies increasingly rely on external partners when starting their innovation initiatives. Emergent innovation ecosystems of heterogeneous actors proved to be successful in leveraging combined competence for the creation of the new ventures. However, constantly changing environment of simultaneous competition and cooperation – coopetition, presents a challenge for the ecosystem management. Drawing on the network orchestration and coopetition research, I analyze management practices and coopetition dynamics in the digital creative industry in Northern Sweden. Based on the analysis, I offer two main contributions. First, I provide a detailed account of innovation ecosystem orchestration within the digital creative industry, including its chronological evolution and the challenges related to it. Second, the application of coopetition notion to the innovation ecosystem context brings forward tensions that should be further scrutinized in order to develop better management practices for such innovation networks.

The field of study on coopetition has been given a growing emphasis in the recent years by researchers and business practice. Coopetition is a term integrating the notions of cooperation and competition happening as an intensive simultaneous process where actors seek to leverage the value created by other companies in their business network. These complex and paradoxical interactions are acknowledged as needing further research about the effects of coopetition and the different types of coopetitive interactions involved when firms coopete. The business network highlighted in the current study concerned the Swedish Cleantech industry. It offers an interesting ground as Sweden has been investing substantial amounts in environmental protection technologies. Moreover, SMEs in Sweden play an increasingly significant role in the national economy by their rapid technological development. Nonetheless, these SMEs battle to sustain opportunities and are facing many challenges such as lack of key resources, a limited market presence, and liabilities of newness. Thereby, collaboration is essential among Cleantech SMEs in order to overcome these challenges and sustain competitive advantages. This study sets out to fill this gap through the following objectives: by describing the cooperative and competitive activities happening of SMEs inside the Swedish Cleantech industry, by understanding how SMEs select their cooperative relationship with their competitors inside their business network, and by analyzing how coopetition can be implemented by SMEs as a strategy to develop sustainable competitive advantage. This research was conducted through a qualitative case study and semi-structured interviews of seven Swedish SMEs operating in the Cleantech industry. The findings underline that coopetition can be used as a matching strategy between the internal and the external environment of the firm. Further, before coopetition can lead to sustained competitive advantages, companies first need to develop societal advantages in the form of economic value, social value, and natural value.

Cette recherche a pour objectif principal d’explorer une nouvelle forme d’interaction dynamique entre concurrents encastrés, désormais, dans des structures complexes que sont les réseaux. Il s’agit de la coopétition réticulaire globale qui renvoie à la simultanéité de la coopération et de la compétition entre des réseaux d’acteurs globaux issus de secteurs d’activité distincts. La recherche actuelle sur la coopétition s’est largement focalisée sur l’aspect organisationnel et dyadique, voire sectoriel de la relation. En revanche, le niveau réticulaire est rarement exploré, ce qui a suscité cette recherche qui l’intègre dans une perspective globale. En effet, s’appuyant sur une étude longitudinale multisectorielle réalisée sur des données de panel collectées à partir de sources variées, une régression non-linéaire à l’aide d’un modèle logistique multivarié ordonné a été menée, dans un premier temps pour tester les hypothèses relatives aux déterminants et une régression de Poisson dans un second temps afin de mesurer l’effet des formes de la coopétition réticulaire sur l’innovation. Les principaux résultats mettent en évidence des déterminants organisationnels, dyadiques, sectoriels et réticulaires qui favorisent l’émergence de la coopétition réticulaire sous quatre formes, à savoir la coopétition intra-réseau, la coopétition inter-réseaux, la coopétition globale et la coopétition de réseaux. De plus, les résultats montrent que ces formes identifiées influence à des degrés différents, l’innovation des firmes membres. Cette recherche permet d’attirer l’attention de la communauté scientifique à considérer le niveau réticulaire dans l’analyse des relations inter-firmes, d’une part, et d’aider les managers à faire face à l’incertitude inhérente à l’environnement global et au rythme accéléré d’innovation. / The main objective of this research is to explore a new form of dynamic interaction between competitors that are embedded in complex structures such as networks. It is about global network coopetition which refers to the simultaneous cooperation and competition between global actors networks belonging to different industries. Current research on coopetition has largely focused on the organizational, dyadic or industrial aspect. However, the reticular level is scarcely explored which aroused the interest of this research idea that includes it with a global perspective. Indeed, based on a longitudinal multi-sectorial study with panel data collected from various sources, a non-linear regression through ordered multivariate logistic model was first used to test hypotheses on network coopetition drivers. Then, a Poisson regression was used to measure the effect of network coopetition forms on innovation. The main results highlight organizational, dyadic, industrial and reticular drivers that lead to the emergence of reticular coopetition under four forms, namely, intra-network coopetition, inter-network coopetition, global coopetition and networks coopetition. Furthermore, results show that these forms influence differently firms’ innovation. On one hand, this research allows drawing scientific community attention to consider the reticular level in inter-firm relationships analysis. On the other hand, it helps managers to deal with the global environment uncertainty and its innovation accelerated pace.