Les formes et enjeux de la sociabilité dans les équipes de recherche en Sciences Humaines et Sociales (SHS) sont des questions complexes. Etudier cette sociabilité sous l’angle des Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication (anthropologie de la communication, ethnographie de laboratoire) au moyen d’enquêtes de terrain (observations, entretiens compréhensifs) et des sciences de gestion-management, avec au centre la notion de coopétition issue du monde de l’entreprise, permet de redéfinir la sociabilité propre à la recherche comme « convivialisme coopétitif ». Cette thèse entend spécifier ce qui caractérise l’univers de la recherche et, en particulier de la recherche en SHS. Il ressort de ce travail que si compétition et coopération fonctionnent de concert (coopétition), la convivialité, comme attitude de communication et climat interactionnel global, constitue une spécificité des milieux scientifiques. Ainsi, trois formes de convivialisme coopétitif sont présentées : une « cohésive » avec un fort esprit de corps dans les laboratoires seniors, une « mimétique » dans les laboratoires juniors cherchant leur identité entre conservation et innovation, et enfin une « convergente » dans les instituts interdisciplinaires seniors. Le critère générationnel (senior/junior) et l’étude des systèmes de pouvoirs via trois types de leaderships (scientifique, administratif, vulgarisation) en fonction des contextes (histoire des sciences) ont permis de révéler l’externalisation que subit le métier de chercheur vers la société. Les enjeux sont ceux de la formation académique, de la valorisation du métier, et des enjeux de services. Ils sont le reflet d’une recherche en pleine mutation. / The forms and the stakes of the sociability in research teams of Human and Social Sciences (HSS) are complex questions. To study this sociability under the angle of the Sciences of Information and the Communication (anthropology of communication, ethnography of laboratory) by means of fields investigations (observations, comprehensive interviews) and sciences of management, with the central notion of coopetition stemming from the business world, allows one to redefine the sociability in research as « coopetitive convivialism ». This work attemps to specify what characterizes the universe of research, and particularly the research in HSS. It emerges from this work that if competition and cooperation work together, conviviality, as communication’s behavior and global climate of interactions, constitutes a specificity of scientific circles. Therfore, three forms of coopetitive convivialism are introduced in this thesis : the first one being an « inclusive convivialism » with a strong link between people in the senior laboratories, a « mimetic convivialism » in the junior laboratories witch are looking for their identity between preservation and innovation, and finally a « convergent convivialism » in the senior interdisciplinary institutes. The criterion of generation (senior / junior) and the study of systems of powers via three types of leaderships (scientific, administrative, popularization) according to contexts (history of science) allows to reveal the mutation of researcher's role witch is more and more engaged in an respectuous relation with society. The stakes of this subject concern the academic training, the valuation of the job, and the stakes of services provided. Consequently, they show that Research is evolving fast.

Notre recherche consiste à essayer de faire comprendre ce qu’est l’incubateur Produit en Bretagne. Elle vise principalement à répondre à la question suivante : « Quels sont les attributs qui peuvent permettre l’ébauche d’un modèle d’incubation performant pour l’incubateur Produit en Bretagne ». Afin de construire en marchant, puisque nous avons participé activement à la création et à la gestion de l’incubateur Produit en Bretagne, nous avons mené une recherche-intervention que nous avons même fini par qualifier de participative. En effet, au moment où nous avons commencé notre thèse, nous avons été responsable de l’incubateur étudié qui était en phase de création. Cette recherche qualitative, basée sur une proximité forte avec notre terrain et, notamment, avec les 19 porteurs d’idées hébergés dans l’incubateur depuis 2006, nous a permis de faire de nombreux apports. Cette recherche permet de positionner l’incubation au centre du processus entrepreneurial et, notamment, dans le domaine de la création d’entreprises innovantes. Grâce à cette recherche, nous pouvons aussi mieux cerner le champ d’intervention de l’incubateur Produit en Bretagne. Nous avons alors noté que le fonctionnement des incubateurs à dominante technologique serait à revoir, afin de s’assurer que toutes les conditions d’accès aux facteurs clés de succès (FCS) de la création d’entreprises, soient véritablement données aux porteurs d’idées intégrant ces incubateurs. Dans le cadre d’une recherche-intervention, nous avons pu agir positivement sur notre terrain et le faire évoluer tout en confortant le mode opératoire concernant le fonctionnement de l’incubateur Produit en Bretagne. Nous souhaitons souligner l’importance de nos quatre statuts différents (intervenant-chercheur, intervenant-expert, responsable de l’incubateur, intervenant-enquêteur) et de la proximité avec notre terrain, qui nous ont permis de régénérer en permanence la connaissance produite, dans un climat de confiance totale. / In our research, we are making a description and an analysis of how is working “Produce in Britanny incubator”. At the same time, we were doing our research, we did set-up this new incubator in Britanny. For this reason, we have doing an intervention-research that we did qualified, at the end, as a participative one. We did work out some contributions, as we are close to our study area with 19 people getting some ideas (to set-up new companies), in our incubator and since 2006. This research allows us to clarify the position of our incubator inside the creation process of new and innovative companies. Our research lets us understand our intervention ground of Produce in Britanny incubator. We did put in light the fact that technological incubators do not give good opportunities to access to keys factors of success to set-up new companies. With our intervention-research, we did act in a positive way in our study ground, that is to say, in the incubator we are managing. At the same time, we were able to make it evolving and keeping good elements regarding its operational way. At the end, we would like to emphasize the fact that we did regenerate our intellectual contribution, during 4 years, in links with our 4 status (researcher, expert, manager of an incubator, leader in investigation).

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Le premier objectif de cette thèse est d’apporter un éclairage sur des performances observées de l’enseignement supérieur français dans un contexte international. Et plus précisément dans le champ des sciences de gestion. Nous contextualisons notre recherche à partir d’une analyse de la littérature sur la mondialisation de l’économie de la connaissance, et sur l’évolution des politiques publiques et managériales des organisations académiques, expliquée par l’approche néo-institutionnelle. L’existence des grandes écoles et des universités révèle un contexte spécifique de concurrence et de dispersion des atouts. L’objectif principal est d’ouvrir une réflexion sur des voies de collaborations entre ces organisations en mobilisant la littérature sur le concept de coopétition et en mettant en évidence les liens avec la théorie néo-institutionnelle. La singularité de notre recherche est d’étendre ce concept aux acteurs publics et privés, de contribuer à sa construction, de démontrer sa capacité à améliorer autant la performance que la légitimité des organisations, et d’apporter aux décideurs des outils managériaux adaptés / This dissertation sheds light on the performance of the French higher education system in an International context, with a focus on graduate programs in management sciences. Our analysis is carried out in the context of globalized knowledge as well as evolving public and management policies of higher educational organizations, as prescribed by the neo institutional approach. The existence of grandes écoles, often considered elite schools, as alternatives to universities in France results in increased competition and dispersal of assets. Here we discuss how the concepts of coopetition and relational strategy can be applied to the French higher education system, as well as how they are related to the neo institutional theory. We show that coopetition strategies between public and private stakeholders can lead to improved performance and legitimacy of organizations, as well as provide policymakers with appropriate and efficient managerial tools

兩兆雙星產業的誕生正式宣告了面板產業將在台灣市場中造就無限的商機，在此商機的背後隱藏著一個交錯而複雜的供應鏈；期間為搶奪商機爭取訂單，供應商之間競爭關係日益激烈且多變，然而有一現象逐漸受到重視，即是有條件地在競爭狀態中尋求可能合作的部份，藉以找到彼此各自的商業利益，達到雙贏的目標。本研究是以探討各廠商在面對供應鏈上下游廠商之不同關係，如何採取因應的平衡策略使其商業活動的綜效達到最大。 現今的供應鏈關係網絡之中，普遍發生既競爭又合作的現象，而此現象又不斷地交錯伴隨此產業的成長，其競爭與合作的模式必然存在著許多關鍵因素，影響並發展出各供應廠商間的最大商業利益的綜效，因此找出其間存在的競合策略思維是本論文所要探討的重點。而本研究則從各廠商的觀點切入，探討在面對供應鏈網絡中的競合關係變化及因應之道，據此提出六個研究問題。 本研究針對面板供應鏈之現況為例，收集原材料供應商(M公司)、原有加工廠商(A公司)、新加工廠商(B公司)與主要客戶(C公司)的互動為研究對象，針對其目前之供應鏈聯合狀態進行訪談，並透過所設計之問卷進行面談採訪，收集質化分析之第一手資料，透過產業訪談結果歸結相關的研究結論如下： 1. 在此聯合關係的研究當中，共計有16項聯合關係，其中有8項關係為過度聯合關係，而另8項關係為聯合不足；顯示供應鏈中確實存在聯合關係為過度或不足之情況。 2. 當過度聯合時，原材料商通常採取「差別取價」、「控制關鍵市場訊息」及「客製化服務」；新舊加工廠則常用「尋求替代品或供應商」及「客製化服務」之策略；最後以主要客戶則採取「控制市場訂單」與「控制市場關鍵訊息」策略。 3. 原材料商之「產品技術能力」及「產品研發能力」的資源條件通常伴隨「差別取價」策略，用以調整聯合關係狀態，而加工廠之「價格競爭能力」與「客戶關係能力」則較常促成「尋求替代品或供應商」策略的形成，此狀況在加工廠商為焦點公司時最為頻繁。 4. 廠商間為快速調整聯合關係，短期也通常以降低成本或售價的策略，因此供應鏈中的成員若要思考如何達成企業的最大商業利益，掌握或增進具競爭差異的資源條件是相當重要的課題。 5. 當二元關係之「相對技術能力」、「相對客戶關係」及「相對重要性」較高時，通常採取「差別取價」或「尋求替代品或供應商」策略。 6. 在策略選項中「獨家壟斷」及「供貨限制」較少被採用。 關鍵字 面板產業、供應鏈關係網絡、平衡策略、競爭策略、競合策略、合作策略。 / The two trillion and twin star business be created in Taiwan means the display industry will provide a inestimable business opportunity. LCD was announced as the most infinite business potential while semi-con and LCD industry booming in Taiwan. However, this business potential brought a complicated supply chain. In order to gain more share, the competition situation among the suppliers became server and diversified. One phenomenon was highlighted that how to find a coworker with certain criteria to benefit both party, then make the win-win situation. This assay was to study different relationships which suppliers faced to up-stream and down-stream players. And how to take a balanced strategy to maximize business synergy is our main lesson learnt in this assay. It is normal to find the phenomenon of competition with cooperation in current supply chain network. Since the industry grows with the phenomenon continuously, there should be some critical factors within the model of competition and cooperation. These will impact and influence the synergy of maximum business interests among the suppliers. Therefore, finding out the methodology of coopetition is what we want to discuss in this assay. The study will start form business point of view in each suppliers. Then discuss how to react to the change of coopetition among supply chain networks. We studied from the example of current LCD supply chain. M company was one of the raw material suppliers, B company was a new converter in the value chain, and C company is main customer to use the materials. Then arranging interviews to figure out alliance condition within the relationship and to collect 1st hand qualitative data for further analysis. The conclusions of interviews and studies should be as following: 1. There are 16 relationships in alliance relationships. 8 among those 16 are over-alliance; while the other 8 are under-alliance ones. It shows that there really are over and under alliance situation within the supply chain. 2. When it comes to over-alliance, raw materials supplier often takes “price differentiation”,“control critical market information” and “customized service” to face the situation. Meanwhile, the converters use to take “find out a 2nd source material and supplier” and “customized service”. And main customer might “control the orders” and “control critical market information” as the reaction. 3. The resource condition of raw materials supplier such as “product technology skill” and “product development skill ”always bundle the“ price differentiation strategy”. It is helpful to regulate the coopetition situation. Again,the converters usually adopt the “find out a 2nd source material” strategy due to they have the resource condition of the “price competition ability” and “Customer relationship ability”. 4. To regulate the coopetition situation, there are many companies usually adopt the strategies such as cost down or reduce the selling price. On average, it is the key to increase the resource condition that have the differentiation competitive advantage if the company of this supply chain want to know how to gain the most business advantage. 5. The strategies of the“price differentiation”and “find out a 2nd source material and supplier” always be adopted due to the company possess the relativity relationship that are “relativity technology ability” 、” relativity customer relationship” and “ relativity importance”. 6. The strategies such as the “engage of business without competition” and “Control the distribuotion of goods” are less be adopted in this business. Key words : Display Market, The network of supply chain, Balance Strategy, Competitive Strategy, Coopetition Strategy, Cooperation Strategy

The microbrewery industry is the fastest growing industry in Sweden. In seven years, the industry has grown by 832 percent. The dramatic increase of microbreweries has led to a highly competitive business environment for these entrepreneurs. This calls for microbreweries to develop strategies for how to stand out in this increasingly competitive environment, i.e., create competitive advantages. However, previous studies have shown that craft entrepreneurs do not strive to achieve traditional economic objectives as the competitive strategy research field suggest that companies have. Hence, traditional competitive strategies may not be applicable for these entrepreneurs. The purpose of this study was therefore to develop an understanding how motivational factors affect craft entrepreneurs’ competitive strategy. To fulfill the purpose, we conducted a case study on microbrewers within the northern region of Sweden. We used a qualitative research methodology where we conducted semi-structured interviews. Seven microbreweries participated in the study. We found that craft entrepreneurs’ motivations for why they started and maintained their microbreweries were mainly because of their passion and interest for the craft and therefore this was their primary objective. However, they perceived profit as a necessity that would enable them to achieve their primary objective. Therefore, we found that these entrepreneurs have dual objectives. We also found that entrepreneurs’ motivations affected their competitive strategies. These entrepreneur’s dual objectives caused some dilemmas when the two objectives contrasted each other. We saw tendencies that this created tension among these entrepreneurs when they had to balance the two objectives of generating profit and achieving objectives related to their passion and interest for the craft. Further, we found that these tensions caused implications on the entrepreneurs’ perception of competitive strategy.  Their perception of competitive strategy differed from traditional theory in three areas. Firstly, they had a resistance to grow their businesses. Secondly, they had a resistance for product/market development. And lastly, they experienced a low level of ambiguity when competing and cooperating simultaneously. In this study, we have been able to deepen the knowledge of craft entrepreneurs and how their motivations affect their competitive strategy. This is a first step in developing an understanding of how additional objectives to profit can cause implications for competitiveness.

Cette thèse propose une analyse croisée des coopérations inter-organisationnelles territorialisées (CIOT) et du capital social, entendu comme l'ensemble de ressources accessibles aux organisations généré par leurs relations professionnelles. Pour cela, nous développons une méthode rapprochant une caractérisation des réseaux sociaux professionnels par classification des acteurs et relations, avec les formes de coopérations révélées par une analyse qualitative. Cette méthode est appliquée au thermalisme dans les Landes, secteur captif d'une ressource locale, l'eau minérale naturelle, et caractérisé par la proximité de nombreux acteurs publics et privés qui s'interrogent sur leurs coopérations en vue de s'adapter aux mutations de leur environnement. Nos résultats mettent à jour les liens entre le capital social collectif détenu par l'ensemble des organisations publiques et privées du thermalisme dans Les Landes et deux types de CIOT. D'une part, notre analyse indique qu'un capital social collectif faible entrave la gouvernance territoriale mixte (publique-privée). D'autre part, nos résultats suggèrent que les difficultés de la coopétition entre acteurs privés concurrents proches géographiquement ne s'expliquent pas uniquement par leur capital social collectif, mais par d'autres facteurs, en particulier humains. / This thesis provides a cross analysis of local inter-organizational cooperations (LIOC) and social capital, understood as accessible resources through professional relationships. For this purpose, we develop an analysis method that reconciles the characterization of professional social networks by the classification of actors and relations, with forms of cooperation revealed by a qualitative analysis.This method is applied to thermalism in Les Landes. This sector is strongly entrenched in the local mineral water resource and is characterized by the proximity of numerous public and private actors who question their cooperations in order to adapt to their evolving environment.The results indicate links between social capital owned by all private and public actors of thermalism in Les Landes and two kinds of LIOC. First, our analysis show that weak collective social capital hinders mixed (public-private) local governance. Second, our results suggest that difficulties of coopetition between geographically close private competitors may not only due to collective social capital, but they could be explained by other factors, particularly human factors.

Senast år 2045 ska Sverige inte ha några nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser för att därefter endast ha negativa utsläpp. Sveriges elbransch står inför en utmaning att möjliggöra en storskalig omställning till ett fossilfritt samhälle. Omställningen kommer att kräva stora mängder resurser vilket kommer utmana elbranschen genom att deras egna negativa miljö- och klimatpåverkan kommer att öka genom omställningens gång.  Syftet med undersökningen var att ta reda på hur hållbarhetsarbetet yttrar sig inom Sveriges elbransch eftersom samarbete möjliggör och driver arbetet med att uppnå en hållbar utveckling löd frågeställningen: Hur yttrar sig hållbarhetsarbetet inom Sveriges elbransch och finns det samarbete gällande hållbarhetsfrågor? För att undersöka hur hållbarhetsarbetet ser ut i Sveriges elbransch valdes det dels att genomföra semistrukturerade intervjuer med olika aktörer inom Sveriges elbransch och dels att genomföra en tematisk analys på samma aktörers hållbarhetsutsagor för räkenskapsåret 2021. En tematisk analys genomfördes även på de transkriberade intervjuerna. Resultatet visade att hållbarhetsarbetet i Sveriges elbransch är tvådelat, den ena delen innefattade att branschen i sig möjliggör omställningen till ett fossilfritt samhälle och den andra delen innefattade branschens eget hållbarhetsarbete gällande främst klimat- och arbetsmiljöfrågor. Utifrån analysen identifierades olika hinder som innefattar långa tillståndsprocesser, lagar som motverkar varandra och en avsaknad av ett grönt transformativt ledarskap, vilket försvårade hållbarhetsarbetet inom branschen. Det identifierades även att samarbeten sker främst med externa aktörer och längs med sin egen leverantörskedja medan samarbeten mellan aktörerna inom elbranschen främst rör säkerhet och arbetsmiljörisker. / By 2045 at the latest, Sweden must have no net emissions of greenhouse gases and thereafter only have negative emissions. Sweden's electricity sector faces a challenge to enable a large-scale transition to a fossil-free society. The transition will require a large amount of resources, which will challenge the electricity sector because of their own negative environmental and climate impacts will increase through the course of the transition. The purpose of the study was to find out how the sustainability work manifests itself within Sweden's electricity sector, because cooperation enables and functions as a driver of the work to achieve sustainable development, the research question was: How does the sustainability work manifest itself within Sweden's electricity sector and is there cooperation regarding sustainability issues? In order to study how the sustainability work manifested itself  in Sweden's electricity sector, semi-structured interviews were conducted with various actors within Sweden's electricity sector and a thematic analysis of the same actors' sustainability statements, sustainability reports, annual reports or their websites for the financial year 2021 was conducted. A thematic analysis was also carried out on the transcribed interviews. The result showed that the sustainability work in Sweden's electricity sector is two-sided, one side included that the sector itself enables the transition to a fossil-free society and the other side included the sector's own sustainability work regarding mainly climate and occupational safety and health issues. Based on the analysis, various barriers were identified, which include long permit processes, laws that work against each other and a lack of green transformative leadership, which made sustainability work within the industry difficult. It was also identified that collaborations primarily were conducted with external actors and along their own supply chain, while collaborations between actors within the electricity sector mainly concern occupational health and safety risks.

Vertikale Kooperationen gelten seit Anfang der 90er Jahre als zentraler Erfolgsfaktor in der Automobilindustrie. Die Gestaltung der Arbeitsteilung nimmt infolge wiederkehrender Diskussionen über Einkaufs- und Entwicklungskooperationen zwischen einzelnen konkurrierenden Automobilherstellern und der damit verbundenen Ausweitung der unternehmensübergreifenden Zusammenarbeit auf horizontale Kooperationen eine weitere Dimension an. Johannes Reindl geht in einem komplexen Beschaffungsumfeld der Frage nach, wie die Beziehungen in horizontalen Kooperationen ausgestaltet werden sollten. Ausgerichtet an den Unternehmenszielen des Abnehmers wird hierzu mit einem starken Objektbezug auf die interdisziplinären Bereiche Entwicklung, Qualität, Einkauf und Logistik eingegangen. Das Buch enthält eine detaillierte und differenzierte Betrachtung relevanter Problemstellungen aus theoretischer und praktischer Perspektive. Damit ist es für Wissenschaftler und Praktiker im strategischen Beschaffungsmanagement von Interesse. Trotz der starken Affinität zur Automobilindustrie bietet sich diese Arbeit auch für andere Industriezweige (z.B. Maschinenbau oder Elektroindustrie) an. / Since the beginning of the 90s vertical cooperations have become a key factor for leading automotive OEMs in order to be successful. Of particular interest is that some competing automotive manufacturers begin to cooperate when it comes to development and purchasing, i.e. horizontal collaborations. Johannes Reindl focuses on how vertical relationships ought to be extended, to the respective manufacturers, into horizontal cooperations. The business objectives of an individual OEM take centre. He therefore concentrates on the multidisciplinarity of development, quality, purchasing/procurement and logistics. The present thesis gives a very detailed and differentiated way of looking at different issues from a theoretical as well as practical point of view. Hence it is of relevance for both, academics and senior managers working in strategic procurement. Despite its focus on the automotive industry its content is also relevant within respectively for other industries, e.g. mechanical engineering or electrical industry, just to name a few.