The debate concerning face veiling has been brought in to view by several governments in Europe. Luca Mavelli studies the debate regarding the burqa using the concept of securitization and from that the objective of this study is to analyze the medial- and the political discourse in Sweden regarding the burqa. The formulated questions drawn from this is; who are the securitizing actors? According to the securitization actors, who can de defined as a referent object? Wherein is the threat according to the securitizing actors? Is it possible to recognize a difference between the medial and the political discourse? Furthermore the paper adopts the theoretical framework that is the concept of securitization, formulated by the Copenhagen School of security. The methodological foundation is based on a social constructivist approach and consequently uses Norman Faircloughs critical discourse analyzes as an analytical tool. Conclusions show that the two discourses often express similar results but a difference is apparent in how the debate is presented. Representatives of the political parties are defined as securitizing actors and to a certain degree so is the media. Furthermore, according to the securitizing actors the referent objects are Swedish traditions and culture, the threat lies in the values that are attached to the burqa.

The main aim of this thesis is to introduce a new way of thinking about security within International Relations by developing a model that can be used to explain the relationship between terrorism and organised crime. Referred to as the crime-terror continuum (CTC), the model identifies six major points of convergence between the terrorist and criminal worlds. The crime-terror continuum seeks to move away from the traditional confines of International Relations as encapsulated within realist thought. After providing an overview of the limitations of traditional theories, and a working definition of terrorism and organised crime, this thesis applies an alternative conceptual framework - based on a combination of applicable assumptions about security presented by the Copenhagen School, Ken Booth and Mohammed Ayoob - to an understanding of the threats posed by terrorism and organised crime. It also incorporates the understanding of the contemporary security environment provided by the globalisation and netwar proto-paradigms as a way to go beyond debates about concepts by seeking to understand the operational and organisational dynamics of contemporary security threats. Paying special attention to the argument that non-state actors can be equal to state actors in the security domain, this thesis highlights that competition over state functions and territory continues to play an integral role. The alternative view of security and the CTC are subsequently applied to two case studies: Russian Organised Crime and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia. Despite illustrating different aspects of the CTC, these case studies highlight the ability of the conceptual framework and the CTC to explain and understand the post-Cold War security environment.

The research is conducted through a quantitative study based on data collected from the Copenhagen Stock Exchange between 2003 and 2011. Our primary purpose was to ascertain whether illiquidity was priced in the Copenhagen Stock Exchange. Illiquidity has been shown as a difficult concept to measure as it is not an observable variable in itself. We show that illiquidity can be measured using Amihud’s (2002) ILLIQ-measure. We investigated the relationship between asset pricing models and illiquidity. We provided an in depth look into illiquidity and past research involving liquidity and asset pricing as well as a thorough theoretical background concerning relevant academic theory. Though our empirical analysis we found evidence which supports the pricing of illiquidity in the Copenhagen Stock Exchange.

For the last two decades Sweden has been one of the most important receiving countries for asylum seekers, hence regarding itself as a “humanitarian superpower”. Historically Sweden has had one of Europe’s most extensive migration policies and made its latest mark by 2015 by allowing the highest number of asylum seekers ever to the country. The media coverage and the public debate on the war refugee migration to Sweden has been comprehensive and thereby put the topic of migration in the centre of parliamentary discussions. The aim of this study was to examine if and how migration has been a subject of securitization in the parliamentary debates. The study was conducted by using a qualitative text analysis of parliament protocols from 2013–2015. The results show that during the period of study a number of parties have made securitising statements regarding migration, but that the subject of migration was securitized first in 2015 when the securitising problem formulation was adopted by a majority in the parliament. I have also concluded that there has been a slight change in the way in which migration is securitized. In 2013–2014 the majority of the parliament parties used the diffuse securitising technique when debating migration, while in 2015 there was a shift towards the exceptionalist securitising technique.

Den här uppsatsen behandlar vilka egenskaper det gränsregionala samarbetet Greater Copenhagen innehar samt vilka konsekvenser som dessa upprättar. Studien analyseras i förhållande till planeringsregionala begrepp samt hur dessa tillämpas i samarbetet. Begreppen som valdes för den här analysen var region, regionalism, globalisering, platsmarknadsföring och resiliens. Studiens tillvägagångsätt för analysen bestod av en komparativ diskursanalys mellan svenska och danska aktörer. Även en intervju genomfördes med en lokalpolitiker inom samarbetet. Resultatet omfattar bland annat underliggande spänningar mellan olika kommuner och den svenska staten, en strävan mot att nå egenskaper som tilltalar globaliseringen och skillnader mellan svenska och danska kommuners framförhållning till samarbetet. Studien visar även att region Skånes del i samarbetet leder till egenskaper som betecknas inom regionalisering. Det innebär att samarbetet inte bara är en lokal angelägenhet utan även en nationell och transnationell. Det framkommer även att de egenskaper som skiljer sig finns mellan svenska och danska kommuner är ett hinder för att samarbetet ska kunna nå sin fulla potential. Detta är något som måste åtgärdas för att syftet med samarbetet ska kunna nås.

Many scientists have described the anthropogenic climate changes as one of the most pervasive threat of our time that will form this and future generations. Despite that is the climate change is still controversial and missing from the American security agenda. The purpose of this study is to empirically analyse the American environmental discourse under the administration of Donald Trump and the omission of climate changes in the security agenda. To be able to explain the absence of the climate changes in the American security agenda, the environmental discourse will be analysed and the theoretical framework of Copenhagen’s school of securitization will be used to define the current description of the environment, the climate threats, and the global warming. By using a qualitative text analysis, consisting of a discourse analysis, lectures, debates, and documents from the Trump administration are examined, to be able to understand how the discourse is constructed and thus how the omission of the climate changes from the security agenda can be understood by using the securitization theory. The study indicates that the approach taken by the Trump administration on the American environmental discourse is produced can prevent the climate changes, the global warming, and the environment to be securitized, which in its turn can contribute to understanding of why it has not been brought up in the American security agenda. In the analysis it can be concluded that the Trump administration have moved towards a morepoliticized discourse, but also towards a depoliticized discourse.

This thesis examines the language of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement through the lens of security. It departs from the observation that the securitized rhetoric on climate change is not matched with the kind of policies such rhetoric would suggest is necessary. Previous research on the impact off raming climate change in security terms have either argued that the security discourse has been rejected and thus also policies such an understanding would entail – or that the paradoxical nature of climate change as a threat (to continue the way we live we most change the way we live) makes a securitized understanding not yield in extra-ordinary policies. I argue that neither of these explanations are sufficient to explain the lack of ‘extra-ordinary policies’ on climate change. Instead, I claim that the reason for the lack of extra ordinary policies regarding climate change is that despite some of its rhetoric about the threat of climate change, the intersubjective understanding between the United Nation and its members expressed in the multilateral environmental agreements is structured in a way not to push a securitized understanding of climate change. By structuring the threat of climate change as threat to human security and development, as well as emphasizing the need for a fairness based approach, the agreements limits what policies are possible.

Parents play an integral role in the support of early learning. This study focuses on parent support of learning in an international reception class in Copenhagen, Denmark. This study includes a literature review of parent support of early learning and school facilitation of parent involvement in early learning. A qualitative investigation of parental support of early learning, within the context of global mobility and multi-culturalism, was undertaken in Rygaards School, in particular in its Reception Class. It was established that very little support exists on a global, social and local level, for the globally mobile families whose children attend this particular international school. Furthermore, the school itself does not fully meet the needs of its globally mobile families. Based on the findings of this study, recommendations for introducing comprehensive parent involvement were proposed, amongst others the introduction of an Induction Programme for newcomers to Rygaards, strategies for compensating for the absence of a middle management amongst its teaching staff and the extension of parent participation in curriculum provision. / Educational Studies / M.Ed.

Parents play an integral role in the support of early learning. This study focuses on parent support of learning in an international reception class in Copenhagen, Denmark. This study includes a literature review of parent support of early learning and school facilitation of parent involvement in early learning. A qualitative investigation of parental support of early learning, within the context of global mobility and multi-culturalism, was undertaken in Rygaards School, in particular in its Reception Class. It was established that very little support exists on a global, social and local level, for the globally mobile families whose children attend this particular international school. Furthermore, the school itself does not fully meet the needs of its globally mobile families. Based on the findings of this study, recommendations for introducing comprehensive parent involvement were proposed, amongst others the introduction of an Induction Programme for newcomers to Rygaards, strategies for compensating for the absence of a middle management amongst its teaching staff and the extension of parent participation in curriculum provision. / Educational Studies / M.Ed.

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