I denna uppsats beskriver jag mitt arbete med en kortopera som heter Dags som jag skrivit under min masterutbildning i komposition på Kungl. Musikhögskolan. Jag använder en auto-etnografisk metod för att beskriva reflektioner kring olika aspekter av komposition. Jag vill blottlägga delar av mitt kompositionsarbete, de låsningar som kan uppstå när man komponerar och de strategier jag använder för att komma över låsningarna. En strategi som jag använder mig av är det jag kallar för stegvist komponerande, en term jag lånar från kontrapunkten. Jag kommer beskriva hur man som kompositör kan fokusera på flera små problem och lösa dem en efter en istället för att försöka lösa ett stort komplext problem direkt. Musikhistoria, tekniska synvinklar på musik samt citat är saker som inspirerar mig till att skriva musik. Jag kommer beskriva metoder för komposition samt historisk och nutida praxis för hur man kan komponera stegvis, och på så sätt skapa sitt eget flow. / In this thesis I describe my work with a short opera called Dags which I have composed during my master program in composition at Kungl. Musikhögskolan. I use an auto-ethnographic method to describe my reflections of different aspects of composition. I want to expose parts of my compositional work, the deadlocks that can arise when composing and the strategies I use to get out of the deadlocks. I call the strategy I have created step-wise composing, borrowing a term from the study of counterpoint. I will describe how one as a composer can focus on many small problems and solve them one by one instead of trying to solve a large complex problem instantaneously. Music history, technical aspects of music and quotations are things that inspire me to write music. I will describe different methods for composing and also historical and contemporary practices for how to compose step-wise, and create one’s own flow. / <p>Uruppförande av kortoperan Dags med text av Emma Palmkvist och musik av Johan Blixt</p>

The thesis outlines one type of intermediality in literature, musical composition transformed into the structure of the modern novel. The theme is based on the philosophical and aesthetic ideas of the sovereign status of music within the other arts. The relationship between literature and music is described on the basis of this specific status. In the sphere of these various relations, attention is paid to the connection between musical composition and the composition of a novel (the manifestation of musical composition in a novel is named here as the musicality of literature). In the central part of the thesis there are demonstrated the possibilities of application of musical compositional devices in a novel through an analysis of three works (The Counterfeiters by André Gide, Point Counter Point by Aldous Huxley and Tonio Kröger by Thomas Mann). These musical compositional devices are: multiple melodic lines, musical cyclical forms and a leitmotif.

La thèse veut démontrer que toutes les compositions contenues dans L'Art de la Fugue possèdent entre elles des liaisons strictes et essentielles qui vont au-delà de la simple coprésence et/ou élaboration du même sujet, en créant une unité et une progression de la complexité technique dans son évolution. À travers une analyse détaillée de toutes les fugues sur trois niveaux: rythmique, harmonique et morphologique, notre objectif est d’identifier et de cataloguer tous les éléments spécifiques qui créent cette unité, afin d'arriver à la présentation du système des techniques compositionnelles utilisées par le compositeur. Nous proposons des nouveaux outils analytiques pour la compréhension des problématiques majeures liées à l’œuvre, l’ordonnancement du recueil et sa destination instrumentale. / The thesis aims to demonstrate that all the compositions contained in the “Art of Fugue” are bound together by a pattern of tight and essential connections, which go beyond an unstructured co-existence or a simple elaboration of a common subject: they form one unit and are ordered in a sequence of increasing technical complexity.The author makes a detailed analysis of all Fugues at three levels, Rhythm, Harmony and Morphology; he identifies and classifies all elements that create the unit: he presents the method and suite of techniques employed by the composer; finally, he proposes new analytical tools for the comprehension of the main issues related.

In his analysis of modern theatre aesthetics, Hans-Thies Lehmann notes that performance has the ability to "destabilize the spectator's construction of identity and the 'other' " (Lehmann 5). This research project endeavours to test Lehmann's statement by applying it to the hybrid diasporic identity. Through the creation of a postdramatic performance text that focuses on the Palestinian diaspora and what Salman Rushdie refers to the longing for the 'imaginary homeland,' this thesis documents the creation of a performance text inspired by Edward Said's contrapuntal analysis. In the first chapter, I define diaspora and hybridity and I provide the necessary context for my hybrid identity: Palestine and its diaspora. I detail the relationship between postdramatic theatre and identity, and I explore how the hybrid identity can be embodied in performance through an understanding of counterpoint and Said's contrapuntal analysis. In the second chapter, I explain the methods I used to create my performance text and to analyze my research and creative process. Finally, in my third chapter, I articulate the successes and failures of my research process and performance text through a final reflection.

No description available.

Analyse populärer Musik dringt eher selten in Bereiche vor, die als genuin musiktheoretisch betrachtet werden können. Was als Defizit jener Analysen gelten könnte, ist jedoch, positiv betrachtet, durch die gründliche Betrachtung etwa popgeschichtlicher, soziokultureller oder technischer Aspekte zu erklären, die für musiktheoretische Ansätze kaum noch Raum lässt. Umgekehrt ist es wohl ein Defizit der Musiktheorie, dass eine Musik, die nicht primär in musikalischen Notaten vorliegt oder sich sogar genauer Notation entzieht, weiterhin stiefmütterlich behandelt wird. Hier soll nun versucht werden, einen sehr eingegrenzten Aspekt populärer Musik musiktheoretisch zu behandeln, um dann in einem weiteren Schritt sich Fragen von Gender und Persona zu nähern. Gegenstand soll Musik aus den frühen 80er Jahren sein, dargestellt am Beispiel von Ausschnitten aus den Transkriptionen der Songs »There Goes a Tenner« (Kate Bush, 1982) und »No Fear, No Hate, No Pain« (Annie Lennox/Eurythmics, 1983). Beide Sängerinnen galten zu dieser Zeit als extravagant, stimmlich vielseitig bis kapriziös, als Erscheinungen wandlungsfähig, Bush mit Hang zur theatralischen Inszenierung, Lennox als androgyn. Diese Vielgestaltigkeit der Charaktere soll hier anhand der Vokalarrangements analytisch beleuchtet werden: So erhält quasi jede Persona eine eigene Stimmfärbung, im Mix unterstützt durch Effekte und Verräumlichung. Theoretisch ergiebig ist auch die Analyse kontrapunktischer Aspekte, die einen Vergleich mit polyphoner Schreibweise für die Oper (etwa in Ensembles) herausfordern. Mehrstimmigkeit wird weniger in Gleichzeitigkeit erzeugt, als durch das Schneiden, Verzahnen und Schichten von semantisch geladenen Einzelelementen zu einem komplexen Narrativ. Abgerundet wird die Betrachtung durch analytische Aspekte des Arrangements, die sich zeittypisch in einem Spannungsfeld zwischen elektronischer Grundlage (Sequencer) und akustischer Schichtung (auch Geräusch und Weltmusikeinflüsse) bewegen. / The study of popular music rarely reaches a point that can be genuinely regarded as the result of applying analytical methods of music theory. However, what could be regarded as a deficiency of these studies can be positively explained, on the one hand: the thorough reading of pop history, socio-cultural and technical aspects hardly leave room for musical analyses. On the other hand, it is a shortcoming of music theory that it neglects music which does not exist in notated form or even eludes exact notation. Here, we will try to treat a limited aspect of popular music in terms of music theory and then approach questions of gender and persona in a further step. The subject is music of the early 1980s; excerpts from transcriptions of the songs »There Goes a Tenner« (Kate Bush, 1982) and »No Fear, No Hate, No Pain« (Annie Lennox/Eurythmics, 1983) will serve as examples. At that time, both singers were regarded as extravagant and from versatile to capricious vocally. Their appearances were many-sided: Bush showed a penchant for theatrical staging, and Lennox was seen as androgynous. This variety of the characters will be analyzed here based on the vocal arrangements: almost every persona is represented by its own vocal timbre, supported in the mix by effects and spatialization. The highlighting of contrapuntal aspects is especially productive for analysis and provokes a comparison with polyphonic writing for opera (e.g., in ensembles). Polyphony is produced less in simultaneity than by juxtaposition, interweaving, and the layering of semantically charged elements into a complex narrative. The study is rounded off by analytical aspects of the instrumental arrangements which, typical for the time, move in an area between electronic basis (sequencer) and acoustic stratification (incorporating concrete sound and influences of world music).

No description available.

Ce mémoire fait état de ma démarche de compositeur à l'intérieur d'un cadre plus large qui inclue une démarche de direction. Croyant que ces disciplines vont de pair, j'ai consacré ma maîtrise à composer du matériel pour orchestre et pour chœur, deux ensembles qui exigent la présence d'un chef. Je pouvais ainsi approfondir ma connaissance de ces « instruments » à l'intérieur du cadre rigoureux offert par la Faculté de Musique de l'Université de Montréal. Parallèlement, mes activités de chef ont aussi eu une influence sur ma compréhension de ces ensembles et donc sur mon écriture. Ce travail récapitule donc le matériel que j'ai écrit pour ces ensembles, prenant soin de souligner à la fois où mon expérience d'écriture grandie, et où mon expérience de chef impacte mes choix de composition. / This work is about the composition part of a larger ambition that also includes conducting. Believing that those two disciplines are closely related, I took most of my time as a master's student composing for orchestra and for choir, two ensembles that require a conductor. This way I could deepen my understanding of those "instruments" with the help of rigorous teachers at Université de Montréal's music faculty. At the same time, my conducting activities also had an influence on my understanding of those ensembles therefore on my composition. This work goes through the material I wrote for those ensembles, pinpointing where I felt my experience as a composer was growing, and where my experience as a conductor influenced my composition choices.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:17:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Antonio Zahdi Salgado.pdf: 12936594 bytes, checksum: b46b08ff3e55f6dbf6be420c9a0e2f63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-12 / The main interest of this research was to search for, through reflection and production, answers to the possibility of the construction of a hypermediatic message originated from a nonhierarchical interrelation of languages, aggregating repertories from varied levels. It was also important to raise the question concerning the possibility of the utilization of a rizomatic language, closer to the natural way the human process of thinking is established. In order to reach these objectives without the use of standardizations and based on a nonhierarchical criterion among languages, the focus was studying methods of composition throughout history which were established in the articulation of the units concerning the elaboration of the whole, but without, though, leaving out its particularities. From the studies on the language of sound Bach s musical counterpoint was found, more specifically from the technique of fugue composition, and also from the dodecaphonic music by Schoenberg and consequently the serialism. With respect to visual language, Eisenstein s polyphonic assemblage showed to be adequate since it broadens the concepts of counterpoint to the audiovisual. As for the verbal language concrete poetry and the piece Nome by Arnaldo Antunes complete the way towards the hypermedia counterpoint. Regarding the theoretical basis it was necessary to develop a diachronic research on the cited languages, the theoretical and technical synchronic aspects of hypermedia and the semiotic studies. The General Theory of Signs by Charles Sanders Peirce was opted and lead towards two fundamental points. The first is related to the way perception and thinking occur: the sequentiality of thinking isn t linear and it takes place in the connection of varied and even distant information in a process of edition which selects the perceived and processed contents by the brain. It is known that there s the occurrence of permanent interruption and retake of these contents that are updated constantly, confronting with the repertory of information of each individual and generating the conscious thinking. More specifically for this purpose I consider the theoretical advances accomplished by Lucia Santaella as the most indicated. The second point is concerning the creation of the hypermedia. To sustain that work theoretically, I consider the Intersemiotic Translation by Julio Plaza as fundamental in the coherent development of the sonic, visual and verbal elements, as well as the interrelation among them. The concepts related to the new technologies present in the main chains as the thinking of Pierre Lévy, Edmond Couchot, Lev Manovich, Julio Plaza, Lucia Santaella e Arlindo Machado among others, were considered towards the observation of convergences and divergences, in the search for more adequate concepts to ground the hypermedia counterpoint / O principal interesse desta pesquisa foi buscar, através de reflexão e produção, respostas para a possibilidade de construção de uma mensagem hipermidiática a partir de uma inter-relação das linguagens não hierárquica, agregando repertórios de variados níveis. Também importante foi colocar em questão a possibilidade de utilização de uma linguagem rizomática, mais próxima do modo natural como se estabelece o pensamento humano. Para alcançar estes objetivos longe das padronizações e partindo do critério da não hierarquia entre as linguagens, o foco foi estudar métodos de composição ao longo da história que se estabeleceram na articulação das unidades em prol da elaboração do todo, mas sem, entretanto, desprezar suas particularidades. A partir dos estudos sobre a linguagem sonora se encontrou o contraponto musical de Bach mais especificamente da técnica de composição de fugas, e também da música dodecafônica de Schoenberg e por conseqüência o serialismo. Da linguagem visual a montagem polifônica de Eisenstein mostrou-se adequada tendo em vista que amplia os conceitos de contraponto para o audiovisual. Da linguagem verbal a poesia concreta e a obra Nome de Arnaldo Antunes completam o percurso em direção ao contraponto hipermídia. Para sustentação teórica foi necessário desenvolver pesquisa diacrônica das linguagens citadas, os aspectos sincrônicos teóricos e técnicos da hipermídia e os estudos semióticos. Optou-se pela Teoria geral dos signos de Charles Sanders Peirce dirigidos em dois pontos fundamentais. O primeiro relacionado ao modo como se estabelece a percepção e o pensamento: a seqüencialidade do pensamento não é linear e se realiza conectando informações variadas e até mesmo distantes dentro de um processo de edição que seleciona os conteúdos percebidos e processados pelo cérebro. Entende-se que ocorre permanente interrupção e retomada destes conteúdos que são atualizados constantemente, confrontando com o repertório de informação de cada indivíduo e gerando o pensamento consciente. Mais especificamente para este fim considero os avanços teóricos realizados por Lucia Santaella como o mais indicado. O segundo ponto diz respeito à criação da hipermídia. Para apoiar teoricamente este trabalho considero a Tradução Intersemiótica de Júlio Plaza como fundamental no desenvolvimento coerente dos elementos Sonoros Visuais Verbais, bem como na inter-relação entre eles. Os conceitos relativos às novas tecnologias presentes nas principais correntes como o pensamento de Pierre Lévy, Edmond Couchot, Lev Manovich, Júlio Plaza, Lucia Santaella e Arlindo Machado entres outros, foram considerados no sentido de observar convergências e divergências, na busca de conceitos mais adequados para fundamentar o contraponto hipermídia

O tratado de contraponto, Arte Explicada de Contraponto, do lisboeta André da Silva Gomes, destaca-se na produção teórico-musical brasileira como uma obra que articula o ensino musical europeu, especialmente o português, com aquele praticado no Brasil durante o período colonial. Seu autor, quarto mestre-de-capela da Sé de São Paulo desde 1774, certamente apropriou-se dos principais modelos pedagógicos em voga na segunda metade do século XVIII, em Portugal. A única cópia encontrada de seu tratado recebeu estudos que contribuíram para a divulgação e explicação da maior parte dos preceitos dessa obra, demonstrando seu possível alcance, adquirido ao longo do século XIX. Apesar disso, a questão sobre sua recepção teórica manteve-se aberta, contendo problemas referentes aos modelos teóricos que pudessem ser verificados na obra. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é primeiro, realizar uma consolidação bibliográfica a respeito do ensino teórico-musical em Portugal ao longo dos séculos XVII e XVIII, por um lado, e, vasculhar o caminho teórico encontrado nos tratados musicais europeus que versassem, de modo explícito, sobre as regras de contraponto e as regras do acompanhamento, a fim de se verificar quais desses modelos poderiam ser identificados na obra de Silva Gomes. Como metodologia e, também, delineamento da amplitude do trabalho, elencamos os principais tratados portugueses que se encaixam em uma dessas duas categorias mencionadas, complementados oportunamente por autores espanhóis e italianos, em sua maioria. Através de análises comparativas entre os discursos desses tratados e a obra teórica de Silva Gomes, pudemos verificar a manutenção de certos cânones do ensino de música, provenientes da tradição do contraponto, e enxergar novas possibilidades de interpretação do conteúdo da Arte Explicada, através dos manuais de acompanhamento. Estes, por sua vez, sugerem caminhos aos estudos sobre a recepção teórica brasileira, pautados na tradição de ensino napolitana, cujos modelos possuíram livre trânsito entre os compositores e professores portugueses desde o século XVIII / The treatise on counterpoint Arte Explicada de Contraponto, by Lisboan André da Silva Gomes, stands out in Brazilian theoretical writings as a work which articulates European music teaching, especially Portuguese, with that conducted in Brazil during colonial period. Its author, fourth chapel master of São Paulo\'s cathedral, since 1774, certainly absorbed the main pedagogic models of Portugal in the second half of the 18th century. The only copy found of his treatise has been analyzed in few studies, which contributed to the diffusion and offered explanations for most of its precepts, demonstrating its potential range, acquired along the 19th century. However, its theoretical reception was kept open, presenting some problems regarding the possible theoretical models that could be mapped within the work. The general objective of the present work is, at first, to achieve a bibliographic consolidation concerning music theory teaching in Portugal along 17th and 18th centuries, on one hand, and on the other, to scavenge the theoretical path found in European music treatises that discuss explicitly the rules of counterpoint and accompaniment, in order to verify what are the models which could be identified within the work by Silva Gomes. As methodology and also for bounding the reach of the work, we listed the central Portuguese treatises that fit in one of the above categories, further complemented, majorly, by Spanish and Italian authors. Through comparative analyses between the discourses of such treatises and the theoretical work by Silva Gomes, we were able to verify the abiding of certain canons of music teaching, originated from the tradition of counterpoint, and to look into new possibilities of interpreting the content of Arte Explicada through manuals on accompanying. Those, in turn, suggest directions to further studies about Brazilian theoretical reception, rooted in Neapolitan tradition of teaching models, which transited freely among Portuguese composers and music teachers since the 18th century.