SIMON is an automated testing application developed by WM-Data Consulting in Växjö, Sweden. Previously the test cases, called BIFs, run by SIMON to test the applications under test has been written manually in a very time consuming manner offering no protection against errors in the structure or misspellings. This thesis investigates a replacement to the manual method when creating the BIFs; my own developed application called the BIF-Editor. The usage of the BIF-Editor guaranteed correct syntax and structure and made the creation of the BIFs faster, but did it increase the quality of the BIFs? So to evaluate the BIF-Editor, the quality regarding path coverage of BIFs manually created was compared with BIFs created during the same elapsed time using the BIF-Editor. This evaluation showed that the usage of the BIF-Editor increased the quality of the BIFs by making the creation safer, but primarily faster which enabled the user to produce more BIFs than previously possible resulting in a raised path cover.

The purpose of the study was to find out and analysis the factors that can influence people's choice to mobile network service. Based on our research, we can give some practical advice to consumer and telecom companies.To achieve the purpose of the study we design a questionnaire and send it to our friends in Shanghai and Jinan China. The questionnaire was built around some questions about which factors can influence people’s choice and the importance of each factor.The study was performed with a quantitative research approach. We found five factors that affect users to choose different mobile networks, respectively usefulness, ease of use, price, speed and enjoyment. And in this paper we also proposed five hypotheses to test the relationship between these factors and gender. This provides us the theoretical basis to our research. The factors were included in our questionnaire, so the questionnaire gives the research some basic data. We analyze the data through the processional software SPSS.We have analyzed every aspect of our questionnaire. We put the data together and make visual figures. The figures make people easily understand the questions. Also these data help us understand the phenomena clearly and make a contribution to our study.Based on the findings, the research could be validated with a data analysis which gave grounds for the conclusion part.

Face au peu de données représentatives de l’allaitement maternel exclusif (AME) en Wallonie et à Bruxelles, au manque de données concernant les durées d’allaitement maternel (AM), face à la difficulté de recouper les données d’AM avec les caractéristiques sociodémographiques des parents, face à l’inexistence de données considérant la volonté de durée d’AM de la mère, etc. un module spécifique sur l’AM a été introduit dans les enquêtes de couverture vaccinales (ECV) ayant eu lieu en Wallonie et à Bruxelles. Plus de 520 familles d’enfant de 18 à 24 mois ont répondu en 2012 et en 2015 à une vingtaine de questions sur l’AM. Les taux wallons restent parmi les plus bas des régions à hauts revenus, alors que ceux de Bruxelles sont parmi les plus élevés. En Wallonie, 82% des mères ont initié l’allaitement dont 73% de façon exclusive. Ces chiffres étaient respectivement de 93% et 83% à Bruxelles. En Wallonie, une diminution significative était observée entre les taux d’AM à la naissance et à la sortie de la maternité, ce qui n’était pas le cas à Bruxelles. Seuls 13% des enfants en Wallonie et 26% à Bruxelles ont été allaités exclusivement pendant une période de 6 mois, durée recommandée par l’OMS. Hormis les facteurs « classiques » associés à l’AM retrouvés dans les différentes enquêtes (niveau d’études, origine étrangère, âge supérieur de la mère, primiparité, enfant né par voie basse, à terme, ), avoir un conjoint soutenant, connaître les durées idéales de l’AM, ne pas avoir rencontré de difficulté lors de la mise en place de l’allaitement les premières semaines, ne pas travailler ou avoir pris un congé parental étaient des facteurs favorisant la durée de l’allaitement maternel exclusif. Près de 60% des mères dans les deux régions étaient insatisfaites de la durée de l’AM réalisée. Une mère sur deux a présenté des difficultés lors de la mise en place de l’allaitement les premières semaines. Près de 45% des mères ignoraient avant de les vivre que de telles difficultés étaient inhérentes à l’AM. Les premiers mois, la perception de manque de lait était responsable d’un pourcentage important de sevrage, il en était de même pour les difficultés tels qu’engorgement, crevasse, mastite, mauvaise prise du sein par le nourrisson. Plus de 20% des mères ont déclaré avoir obtenu des informations contradictoires sur l’AM (positions, durées entre 2 tétées, ) à la maternité. En plus de dresser la situation épidémiologique de l’AM en lui donnant une perspective historique (mise en nourrice, féminisme, textes internationaux, …) le travail a permis d’émettre des recommandations sur la qualité des méthodes de recherche sur le sujet (définitions à utiliser, formulation des questions, …) et permis de savoir quels sont les indicateurs d’allaitement qui peuvent ou non continuer à être utiliser en routine en Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles. / Doctorat en Santé Publique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The process of democratization which appeared in the nineteenth century was partly responsible for the emergence of a mass readership. It consisted of the new urban population which had its own tastes and interests, intellectual capacity and purchasing power. The popular press was firmly established by 1900 and it radically altered the scope and style of daily journalism in its attempt to speak in the language of the majority. Philip Gibbs was one of the prominent journalists between 1900 and 1914. His aspiration to become a war correspondent stemmed from the image of the war correspondent as a figure of romance and adventure, the consequence of the militarist spirit of the age and the licence which granted him freedom of movement. Inevitably, the war correspondent carne in conflict with the military which had not kept pace with democratization and sensed a challenge to itself and to national security. Censorship and restrictions on the war correspondent tightened, until major army reforms between 1901 and 1912 brought more cordial relations between the press and the military. When the Great War broke out in 1914 the co-operative atmosphere broke down as censorship was reinstated, more severely than before. It challenged the freedom of the press and the right of the people to know. Gibbs was determined that the people should have access to news from the front. He fought hard for that objective and was instrumental in the compromise reached between the military and the press when an officially recognized system was devised for press representation on the Western Front. The wisdom of such a move was shown by the success of Philip Gibbs' war correspondence, which had appeal to a mass readership in its own language and with subjects of interest to it.

Given the background of rising economic inequalities, the topic has reentered the field of economic science. Yet the problem of how economic inequality is being mediated to the public is not discussed in economics at all, and hardly mentioned in communication studies. Through an analysis of recent empirical studies on the coverage of inequality in the media, we debate the role mass media play as information providers. Assessing the underlying assumptions and the methodological approaches guiding the respective empirical findings, we can highlight the merits of this body of work and identify open questions for further research. The last part of the article provides a discussion of (currently rather neglected) political economy theories that offer rich theoretical approaches to study media, power, and inequality.

One of the most significant economic developments over the past decades has been the rise in income and wealth inequality. After decades of benign neglect, the issues of economic and social inequalities have reentered the stage of mainstream political attention in the Western heartland over the past couple of years. This is due, in part, to the high public profile of publications by Thomas Piketty and Tony Atkinson. In line with the growing significance of deepening economic inequalities, this Special Section engages with two broad, if overlapping, questions: (1) How do new forms of economic inequality, power, and privilege relate to relevant theories and conceptualizations of the media and institutions of public communication, whether in the fields of communication studies or political economy? (2) What role do the new forms of economic inequality play today in the typical narratives of mediated communication, and how is such inequality framed and discussed?

Cette thèse étudie la couverture de l’actualité en Macédoine faite par la presse internationale et albanophone pendant le conflit ethnique armé de 2001. Elle explore un corpus multilingue [français, anglais et albanais] composé de dépêches d’agences de presse [AFP et Reuters] et d’articles journaux français [Le Monde et Libération], américains [The New York Times et The Washington Post] et albanophones de Macédoine [Flaka, Fakti et Lobi]. Issue d’un cadre théorique et méthodologique complexe, l’analyse de ce corpus repose sur les traditions françaises et nord-américaines de la recherche en sciences de la communication. L’analyse du discours, combinée avec un matériel recueilli lors des interviews des journalistes et avec l’analyse statistique et lexicométrique de contenu, a produit des données qui sont interprétées dans le cadre de la théorie de l’agenda-setting. Les résultats de cette analyse ont permis de répondre à nos questions de recherche : Quelle était l’attention accordée à l’actualité macédonienne par la presse internationale ? Quelles sont la nature et l’importance des informations fournies par les journalistes qui ont couvert cet événement sur le terrain ? Comment cette actualité a-t-elle été traitée par la presse locale de langue albanaise en Macédoine ?Une approche géopolitique et historique fournit le cadre de cette thèse. / Cette thèse étudie la couverture de l’actualité en Macédoine faite par la presse internationale et albanophone pendant le conflit ethnique armé de 2001. Elle explore un corpus multilingue [français, anglais et albanais] composé de dépêches d’agences de presse [AFP et Reuters] et d’articles journaux français [Le Monde et Libération], américains [The New York Times et The Washington Post] et albanophones de Macédoine [Flaka, Fakti et Lobi]. Issue d’un cadre théorique et méthodologique complexe, l’analyse de ce corpus repose sur les traditions françaises et nord-américaines de la recherche en sciences de la communication. L’analyse du discours, combinée avec un matériel recueilli lors des interviews des journalistes et avec l’analyse statistique et lexicométrique de contenu, a produit des données qui sont interprétées dans le cadre de la théorie de l’agenda-setting.Les résultats de cette analyse ont permis de répondre à nos questions de recherche : Quelle était l’attention accordée à l’actualité macédonienne par la presse internationale ? Quelles sont la nature et l’importance des informations fournies par les journalistes qui ont couvert cet événement sur le terrain ? Comment cette actualité a-t-elle été traitée par la presse locale de langue albanaise en Macédoine ?Une approche géopolitique et historique fournit le cadre de cette thèse.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the international news coverage of the 1981 Northern Irish hunger strike. The media had plenty of emotionally and politically charged incidents to report, and they rendered it in various manners. This study discusses why these different representations of the hunger strike were born. This thesis analyses news about the hunger strike published in fifteen international newspapers. For this kind of research, historical contextualization is of great importance. Methodological starting point lies in the traditions of imagological methods. A mental image is understood here as something in our thoughts that steers us to see the world in a certain way. A newspaper depicts news stories in a way the newspaper and the society in which it operates see its worth. Media representations have a very complex background. Based on the findings, it seems likely that existing mental images play a major role in the way a news topic is covered and given meaning. In this case, news coverage was not based solely on the hunger strike but also on historical discourse which had created a certain meaning for the event. The coverage of each newspaper was based on their own worldviews. Internationally, the level of interest is determined by varied cultural and political factors. News coverage both reflects and affects. News from other countries is more likely to be reported if some links exists, something to identify and consider significant. The findings of the research suggest that news coverage is not always just the reporting of events. It can reflect more profound features. Each media source has its own reasons to represent news in a certain way. Primarily, the reasoning points to the medium itself. However, we can argue that news coverage also reflects the values of a community. News is usually produced to appeal to the majority of the intended audience. This case illustrates that international news coverage is a useful method in revealing and understanding mental images and their influence. / Tiivistelmä Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan Pohjois-Irlannin tasavaltalaisvankien nälkälakon kansainvälistä uutisointia vuonna 1981. Tapahtuma sisälsi poliittisesti ja emotionaalisesti latautuneita tilanteita, joita kansainvälinen media uutisoi eri tavoin. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitetään, miksi erilaisia mediarepresentaatioita syntyi. Tutkimuksen päälähteenä käytetään viittätoista sanomalehteä eri puolilta maailmaa. Historiallisella kontekstoinnilla on suuri merkitys tämänkaltaisessa tutkimuksessa. Tämän työn metodologinen lähtökohta nojaa voimakkaasti mielikuvatutkimuksen periaatteisiin. Tässä tutkimuksessa mielikuva käsitetään ajattelua ja maailmankuvaa ohjaavana käsityksenä, ja sanomalehtiuutisoinnin luomat mielikuvat heijastavat niin lehden itsensä kuin ympäröivän kontekstin käsityksiä. Median luomilla mielikuvilla on monitahoinen tausta. Tutkimustuloksien perusteella on todennäköistä, että jo olemassa olevat mielikuvat vaikuttavat voimakkaasti uutisoinnin luonteeseen ja annettuun merkitykseen. Nälkälakon uutisointi ei perustunut pelkästään itse lakkoon ja sen tapahtumiin, vaan uutisointiin vaikuttivat myös historian kautta annetut merkitykset. Jokainen lehti uutisoi tapahtumasta omaan maailmankuvaansa perustuen. Uutisointi sekä heijastelee että vaikuttaa: media uutisoi herkemmin tapahtumista, joilla koetaan olevan merkitystä. Tämän tutkimuksen perusteella uutisointi ei aina ole pelkästään raportointia. Jokaisella tiedotusvälineellä on omat syynsä uutisoida tietyllä tavalla. Ensisijaisesti syyt ovat mediassa itsessään, mutta media heijastelee myös ympäristönsä arvoja ja käsityksiä.

This thesis examines the media coverage and image of the National Gallery in Prague from 2010 till 2013. During this period, in 2011 Milan Knížák was removed from the post of Director of the National Gallery where he was since 1999. He was replaced by Vladimír Rösel, who was dismissed in 2013, Vít Vlnas was designated the director of the gallery in his stead. Jiří Fajt was selected as the Chief Director in July 2013, but he wasn't appointed until July 2014. The main source for research will be relevant articles published in the selected press (Lidové noviny, Právo, Mladá fronta DNES, Hospodářské noviny). The aim of the thesis is to describe and analyze the way the media reported about events related to the management of the National Gallery in Prague. It will try to answer the question why this institution is given such weight and importance as to whether it is related to the concept of "national" in the name of the gallery. This can evoke the connection with other institutions that have this word in the name. There are some expectations connected to this "national" title, but there are also certain responsibilities associated with that. The work will also look at the media space given to the gallery's leadership and how the media express themselves considering this subject. This can fundamentally...

Class of 2014 Abstract / Specific Aims: To identify reasons that an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) would not be indicated in diabetic patients with repeated clinical alerts to add ACEi therapy for preservation of renal function and/or hypertension. In addition, to identify if these repeated clinical alerts to add ACEi therapy are appropriate. Methods: Eligible patient charts were reviewed by researchers using a data dictionary to complete a standardized spreadsheet with patient demographic information (age, gender, and location), type of diabetes mellitus, evidence indicative of comorbid hypertension, action taken by pharmacist in response to clinical alert (letter sent to patient and letter sent to prescriber), and rationale of that action. This data, along with SOAP notes of patient interactions, was used by researchers to classify the repeated clinical alert as appropriate or inappropriate. Main Results: There were a total of 200 charts reviewed (male n = 61 (30.5%), female n = 139 (69.5%), mean age = 70 ± 11 years). Reasons for not contacting patients again include previous failure or adverse drug reaction (n = 62, 31.0%), patient did not meet call script requirements (n = 55, 27.5%), patient did not have diabetes or hypertension (n = 20, 10.0%), potential drug-disease interaction (n = 17, 8.5%), overlapping or previously addressed alerts (1.9%), or documentation was provided for “other” reasons (n = 43, 21.5%). The previous failure or adverse drug reaction rationale was appropriate in 32 of 62 repeated clinical alerts (52%; χ2= 10.15). The patient did not have diabetes or hypertension rationale was appropriate in 11 of 20 repeated clinical alerts (55%, χ2= 2.72). The potential drug-disease interaction rationale was appropriate in 3 of 17 repeated clinical alerts (8%, χ2= 9.89). The patient did not meet call script requirements rationale was appropriate in 31 of 55 repeated clinical alerts (56%, χ2= 6.91). The overlapping or previous alerts rationale was appropriate in 2 of 3 repeated clinical alerts (67%, χ2= 0.18). The “other” rationale were appropriate in 22 of 43 repeated clinical alerts (51%, χ2= 7.21) Overall, retrigger alerts were considered appropriate 50.5% of the time compared to the predicted value of 90% (χ2= 347 > critical value = 3.84 for p = 0.05 Conclusion: There are multiple reasons pharmacists do not recommend initiating ACEi therapy in patients with diabetes. Although the Medication Management Center (MMC) has rationale of these reasons documented after individual patient interactions, there are still several reasons why a retrigger alert would be appropriate despite that rationale. In addition, retrigger alerts were not considered appropriate as frequently as expected.