The ambition with this research overview has been to gather what is observed regarding diversity in history classes. During recent years societies have changed on a global scale towards being more culturally diverse. There is a belief that individuals with different backgrounds are in need of special treatment. This, visionary multiculturalism or föreställda mångkulturen (as it is called in Swedish), can have both positive and negative effects on teachers and students. Teachers still seem to battle with how they should teach in diverse and heterogeneous classrooms, making the area relevant for research and investigation. Therefore, we pose the question: What does research claim regarding cultural diversity in history education? Collection of research was carried out using both Swedish (Libsearch and Swepub) and international (ERC) databases. Relevant research dissertations and articles were selected from Sweden, Finland, and Australia. This paper dives into two different areas of research: the praxis of teaching and identity. We found the history subject tends to be eurocentric, and teachers tend to turn to traditional teaching and use coursebooks for guidelines. Open attitudes towards diversity were visible in theory but absent in practice; moreover, intercultural objectives are implied in the syllabus for history. Students’ linguistic deficiencies are considered a challenge that gives rise to primitive knowledge teaching. Furthermore, links seem to be implied between low socioeconomic standing and diverse cultural backgrounds. Lastly, students state they feel they have a bisected identity which further problematizes teaching in a diverse classroom.

Denna studie grundar sig i en förskolas variation angående deras utbud av barnlitteratur. Undersökningen utgår ifrån en kvalitativ samt kvantitativ metodansats, där den kvalitativa delen står för en djupare analys medan den kvantitativa delen står för statistik på ett antal bilderböcker. Det har gjorts en text- och bildanalys där ett normkritiskt perspektiv har intagits där fokus är genus och kulturell mångfald. Syftet är att kritiskt granska utbudet och dess variation i hur genus och kulturell mångfald representeras i förskolans bilderböcker, om det är stereotypiskt eller normöverskridande. För att få svar på detta har en analys gjorts utifrån Nikolajevas (2017) mall om vad som är typiskt kvinnligt respektive manligt inom karaktärsdrag, samt två av Salmsons (2021) mallar som beskriver etnisk tillhörighet samt religion och tro. En egen mall har tagits fram utifrån hur Josefsson (2005) samt Yoldas (2019) beskriver vad som är typiskt kvinnligt respektive manligt i dess utseende. Resultatet visar att stereotypa böcker finns kvar men inte i lika stor utsträckning, att utbudet av normkritiska böcker inom både genus och kulturell mångfald där karaktärerna är normöverskridande börjar bli alltmer vanligt. Det visas en skillnad mellan de äldre respektive de nyare böckerna; som innefattar ett mer normkritiskt perspektiv. Karaktärer deltar numera mer på lika villkor, oavsett könstillhörighet eller kulturellt ursprung. Forskningsfrågorna har blivit besvarade på ett positivt sätt, för att utbudet av normkritiska böcker är stort och att det finns variation när det gäller genus och kulturell mångfald. / This study examines the variety and diversity of children’s literature within preschools. It is based on a methodological approach, focusing on both the quality and quantity of an assortment of picture books. Deeper analysis was used for the qualitative aspect of the books, whilst a statistical approach was taken for the quantitative side. An analysis of both text and imagery was performed, which applied a norm-critical focus on portrayals of gender and culture. In order to gain insight, an analysis based on Nikolajeva's (2017) model of typical gender traits, as well as two of Salmson's (2021) models that describe ethnicity, religion and belief was performed. Furthermore, a model of our own was developed based on how Josefsson (2005) and Yoldas (2019) describe the typical physical appearance of females and males respectively. The result shows that although stereotypical books remain, such books are no longer as prevalent as in previous findings. In addition, it is becoming increasingly common to find diverse characters appearing in the range of norm-critical books including topics of gender and culture. There is a definite distinction between the past and the modern books, revealing that the latter includes a more norm-critical perspective. Characters are now shown to participate on more equal terms, regardless of gender or cultural origin. The research questions have been answered, producing the positive finding that range of norm-critical books is now vast, and that there is good variety depicting gender and cultural diversity.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka kulturell mångfald i bilderböcker på svenska som är riktade mot barn mellan 0-6 år. Projektet skulle bidra med ytterligare kunskap om representationer av kulturell mångfald i barnlitteraturen. Projektet resulterade i ett förslag på hur en bokserie som inkluderar kulturell mångfalds framsidor kan se ut på den nuvarande svenska marknaden. Tidigare studier inom barnlitteratur handlar främst om genus- och könsrelaterade frågor. Därför var det av intresse att titta på den kulturella mångfalden i barnlitteraturen eftersom studier med detta fokus var en bristvara, speciellt i Sverige. Frågeställningarna löd: Hur ser representationen av kulturell mångfald ut i bilderböcker, riktade mot barn 0-6 år i Sverige? Vilka designelement har generellt använts under de senaste 5 åren på bilderböckers framsidor när de är riktade till barn på 0-6 år i Sverige? Projektet utgick från följande teoretiska ramverk: kulturell mångfald, barnens inlärning, representation och semiotik, identifikation och identitet, visuell forskning och designelement. Kulturell mångfald användes för att förstå och definiera fenomenet. Barnens inlärning användes för att få en djupare förståelse för bokens roll i barnets liv. Representation och semiotik användes för att förstå kopplingen mellan tecken och budskapet det ger, samt för att kunna ta ut tecken från de analyserade framsidorna. Identifikation och identitet användes för att förstå hur karaktärerna som representeras kan påverka barnen. Visuell forskning användes som en grund i hur analysen av framsidorna skulle gå till. Designelement användes för att gå djupare in på de utvalda delarna som skulle analyseras i analysen av framsidorna. Metoden som användes var en kvantitativ innehållsanalys då den gav möjligheten att analysera ett större utbud analysenheter. Urvalet bestod av framsidor på bilderböcker på svenska riktade till barn från 0-6 år. Dessa böcker hämtades slumpmässigt från Karlstad stadsbibliotekets utbud då dessa är tillgängliga för allmänheten. Analysen visade att det finns en brist på karaktärer med mörkare hudfärg och att det var en relativt jämn uppdelning mellan karaktärer med mörk och ljus hårfärg. Resultatet visade även att det var vanligast att inte inkludera namn eller ha påhittade namn på framsidorna. Men de gånger namn nämns var inget med ett helt utländskt ursprung representerat. Slutligen visade analysen att kulturella symboler knappt representerades och ifall det gjorde det så handlade det bara om jul. Resultatet på designelementen visade att den vanligaste generella färger var blå, den vanligaste färgen på titeln var röd och den vanligaste färgen på den övriga texten är svart. All text var generellt skriven med teckenfamiljen san-serif där titeln skrevs i versaler och den övriga texten skrevs med gemena bokstäver. Textens typografiska helhet var asymmetrisk och karaktärerna placerades generellt i mitten av sidan. Slutsatserna lyder att kulturell mångfald till viss del inkluderas på framsidorna av bilderböckerna men att det finns stort rum för utveckling. Det som var positivt var inkluderingen av många hårfärger. Men i övrigt behövs mer mångfald implementeras, exempelvis mer karaktärer med mörkare hudtoner och namn som endast har utländsk härkomst. / The purpose of the study was to analyze cultural diversity in Swedish picture books for kids between the ages of 0-6. The project’s ambition was to contribute with further knowledge about representations of cultural diversity in children's literature. The project produced a proposal for how a series of picture book front pages that include cultural diversity can look in the current Swedish market. Previous studies in the children's literature field mainly focus on sex- and gender-related issues. It was therefore interesting to instead look at the subject of cultural diversity in children's literature because studies with this phenomenon as focus are lacking, especially in Sweden. The questions were: What does the representation of cultural diversity look like in Swedish picture books aimed at children aged 0-6? Which design elements have been applied most frequently on the covers of picture books aimed at children aged 0-6 in Sweden during the last 5 years? The project was based on the following theoretical frameworks: cultural diversity, children's learning, representation and semiotics, identification and identity, the visual research and design elements. Cultural diversity was used for a better understanding and defining of the issue. The children's learning was used to gain a deeper comprehension of the book's role in the child's life. Representation and semiotics were used to understand the connection between signs and the message they carry, as well as being able to get an accurate knowledge about signs from the analyzed covers for further applications. Identification & identity was used to understand how the representation of characters can affect the children. The visual research was used as a basis for the analysis of the covers. Design elements were used for a more detailed analysis  of  picture book cover’s selected parts. The method used for this study was a quantitative content analysis since it gave the opportunity to analyze a vast range of analysis units. The selection consisted of picture book covers in Swedish aimed at children aged 0-6. These books were selected randomly from the Karlstad city library's collection for the reason that these books are accessible  to the public. The analysis revealed that there is a lack of representation of darked skin characters, but the representation of dark-colored hair and light-colored hair were relatively equal. The results also showed that it was most common not to include character names or to have made-up names on the covers. Nevertheless when names were mentioned,  there was no clear connection between the name and cultural variation. Finally, the analysis showed that cultural symbols were barely represented, and in those few times that it was represented Christmas was the only theme. The result on the design elements showed that the most common general color was blue, the most common color of the title was red and the most frequent color of the rest of the text was black. All texts were generally written with the san-serif character family where the title was written in capitals and the rest of the text was written in lowercase letters. The overall of the text typographical was asymmetrical and the characters were generally placed in the middle of the page. The conclusions are that the representation of cultural diversity is to some extent included on the covers of the picture books, however there are plenty of areas in need of improvement. The most positive was the inclusion of different hair colors, otherwise more diversity aspects needed to be implemented, for example more characters with darker skin tones and names with diversal origins.

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The present study explores how children of Hispanic immigrants (CHIs) perceive life in the U.S., and how they view cultural diversity. Questionnaires were given to 92 non-U.S. born CHIs and one of their non-U.S. born Hispanic immigrant parents (HIPs) who have lived in the U.S. between 1 and 17 years (M yrs = 8.43); their views of the U.S. were assessed along with their acceptance of diversity, acculturative stress, and levels of acculturation. In this study, I found that CHIs generally hold positive views of the lives in the U.S. and also hold favorable views toward cultural diversity. Furthermore, this study hypothesized that HIPs significantly influence their CHIs attitudes toward both the U.S. and toward cultural diversity. Overall, my findings validated the theoretically based expectation that demonstrates the power of parental attitudes on their children’s attitudes. A significant correlation was found between HIPs’ attitudes toward the U.S. and their children’s attitudes, as well as, CHIs’ attitudes toward the U.S. correlating significantly with their perceptions of their parents’ attitudes toward the U.S. Multiple and stepwise regressions further confirmed the importance of parental attitudes toward their children’s attitudes toward the U.S. and their openness to cultural diversity. Findings from this study provide implications for future research.

Cultural diversity has shown to play a tremendous impact on influencing the teams performance in an international business. Shared beliefs, values and systems of conducting work-related tasks originating from cultural differences significantly enhances the abilities for the team to perform on a higher note. This thesis aims to investigate the challenges of a multicultural manager regarding disputes originating from concepts such as awareness, communication and decision making, trust building and to spark creativity. The primary data was collected through nine in-depth interviews with managers who handle culturally diverse teams. After analyzing the interviewees it was concluded that multicultural managers need to acknowledge there are cultural differences within the team in order to develop a suitable communication style and therefore generate trust.

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No / Despite advances in technology and medicine, death itself remains an immutable certainty. Indeed, the acceptance and understanding of our mortality are among the enduring metaphysical challenges that have confronted human beings from the beginning of time. How have we sought to cope with the inevitability of our mortality? How do various cultural and social representations of mortality shape and influence the way in which we understand and approach death? To what extent do personal beliefs and convictions about the meaning of life or the notion of an afterlife affect how we perceive and experience the process of death and dying? Steve Paulson, executive producer and host of To the Best of Our Knowledge, moderated a discussion on death, dying, and what lies beyond that included psychologist Lani Leary, professor of philosophy and religion Jeffrey J. Kripal, and sociologist Allan Kellehear. The following is an edited transcript of the discussion that occurred February 5, 7:00-8:30 pm, at the New York Academy of Sciences in New York City.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal / Le Québec a toujours connu un fort taux d’immigration. Cependant, depuis quelques années, la composition de la population issue de l’immigration semble changer et se composer beaucoup plus de minorités visibles. Toutefois, cette population a tendance à rencontrer certaines difficultés dans son intégration sur le marché du travail, c’est pour cette raison, que le gouvernement québécois a adopté le programme d’accès à l’égalité (PAE) pour limiter les effets de la discrimination et du racisme en emploi, en exigeant des employeurs que les obstacles à l’embauche et à l’emploi des membres des groupes discriminés soient levés. Une des modalités d’application des PAE est représentée par l’obligation contractuelle qui exige l’instauration d’un tel programme par chaque entreprise québécoise de 100 employés et plus recevant un contrat du gouvernement ou une subvention, de 100 000 $ et plus. A travers notre étude, nous tentons d’examiner s’il existe une voie complémentaire de sensibiliser et d’intéresser les entreprises à s’impliquer davantage sur la question de l’égalité à travers la gestion de la diversité culturelle. L’objectif premier de toute entreprise étant de faire des profits, nous tentons donc de voir si cette voie complémentaire serait liée à la recherche de bénéfices de marché issus de la diversité. La question qui se pose alors est de savoir si l’adoption de bonnes pratiques de gestion de la diversité culturelle peut avoir des répercussions sur la performance organisationnelle et la rentabilité économique. A cette fin, nous avons analysé deux catégories d’entreprises : une qui est « passive »en matière de gestion diversité et l’autre plutôt « active ». Nos résultats ont indiqué qu’en effet, il existerait un lien entre les initiatives de diversité, l’intégration des minorités et les profits commerciaux des entreprises. Ceci appuie notre hypothèse de départ selon laquelle, une vaste gamme de meilleures pratiques visant la diversité va de pair avec des bénéfices tant pour l’entreprise que pour les membres des minorités visibles. Nous ne sommes toutefois pas parvenu à prouver de façon directe et significative le lien qui existe entre la performance organisationnelle et les pratiques de gestion de la diversité culturelle, à cause des nombreux facteurs autant externes qu’internes aux entreprises pouvant influencer ce lien. La prise en compte de ces différentes conditions d’émergence des bénéfices de la diversité culturelle constitue une importante avenue de recherches futures. / Quebec aiways knew a high immigration rate. However, for a few years now, the make up of the population resulting from immigration seems to have changed and to be composed much more of visible minorities. Yet, this population tends to encounter certain difficulties in its integration on the labor market, it is for this reason, that the Québec government adopted the program of access to equality (PAE) to limit the effects of discrimination and racism in employment, by requiring employers that the obstacles at the time of recruitment and during the employment of the members of the discriminated groups be lified. One of the methods of application of the PAE is represented by the contractual obligation which requires the introduction of such a program by each Québéc company of 100 employees and more receiving a govemment contract or a subsidy, of 100 000 $ and more. Throughout our study, we try to examine whether there is a complementary way to sensitize and to interest the companies to be more involved on the question ofthe equality through the management ofcultural diversity. The main objective of ail companies being to turn a profit, we thus try to see whether this complementary way would be related to the search for market benefits resuiting from diversity. The question which arises then is to know if the adoption of good managerial practices of cultural diversity can have effects on the organizational performance and the economic profitability. For this purpose, we analyzed two categories of companies: one winch is ‘passive” as regards to diversity management and the other, rather “activ&’. Our resuits indicated that indeed, there would be a link between the initiatives of diversity, the integration of the minorities and the commercial profits of the companies. Tins supports our starting hypothesis according to winch, a vast range of better practices aiming at diversity goes hand in hand with the benefits as much for the company as for the members of the visible minorities. Nevertheless, we did not manage to prove in a direct and significant way the relation that exists between the organizational performance and the administrative practices of cultural diversity, because of the many factors, as much extemal as internai to the companies, able to influence tins relation. The taking into account of these various conditions of emergence of the benefits of cultural diversity constitutes an important avenue of future research.

Thesis (MMus (Music))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / The goal of this study is to explore three different models that three selected university choirs chose to accommodate diversity: two choirs with different identities existing independently alongside each other on one campus (model A), one choir, implementing diversity (model B) and one choir with a Eurocentric character (model C). Each university was treated separately, collecting qualitative data to provide historical insight into the choir, to determine profiles of the relevant conductor(s) and choristers and to determine the management body’s views regarding the role of the choir(s) within the institution. Information on repertoire indicates preference for musical styles, favouring an African or Western perspective or showing measures of cultural adaptability. Data was collected from choristers, conductors, organisers and university representatives by questionnaires and personal interviews as well as historical data in the form of concert programmes of the selected university choirs. The research findings indicated that the three universities concerned chose to handle their cultural diversities in completely different ways, resulting in creating unique choral identities which are evident in aspects such as repertoire, choristers’ experience and the support from the institution.