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Nonprofits need dedicated people to meet the mission of the organization and to address the social and societal conditions they were established to address. How are nonprofit organizations cultivating the next generation of leaders? With five generations of workers in the workplace, the field for new, nonprofit, board-level volunteers is large. However, research shows that young professionals and marginalized racial minorities are underrepresented or not represented in this area. Why is this our current reality and what is hindering the service of these leaders on nonprofit boards? This dissertation examines the role of representation in generational and racial terms on the board of directors of nonprofit organizations in South Carolina. / Business Administration/Human Resource Management

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The importance of the site discovery process in archaeological research should not be underestimated. The primary function of an archaeological site discovery survey is to locate, identify and to some degree evaluate the horizontal extent of buried cultural resources (King 1998; Neuman and Sanford 2001, 2010). This thesis examines the effectiveness of archaeological surface and subsurface survey techniques commonly used in the Mid-Atlantic Region of eastern North America. The present work uses a cultural resource management archaeological site discovery survey conducted in 2004 on a 549-acre property located in Loudoun County, Virginia as a case study. The variety of environments, resources and methods employed during this site discovery survey present a unique opportunity to analyze a variety of survey techniques. Specifically, point provenience surface collection, gridded surface collection, shovel testing and close-interval shovel testing are examined. This thesis reveals several key findings. First, all forms of survey technique have benefits and limitations, based on levels of intensity and survey environment. Second, survey objectives, survey environment and logistics all play a part in the decision process for choosing an appropriate survey technique. Third, state guidelines, while an influencing stricture born out of a rich intellectual tradition, should not solely dictate the survey process. Fourth, the use of a variety of complementary techniques is vital to thoroughness in the archaeological process, and, finally, it is necessary to repeatedly investigate and monitor a landscape whenever possible. / Anthropology

Since Ukraine's independence, a burgeoning private sector has been increasingly encroaching in cultural spaces that previously were conceived of as "property of the state." This dissertation is an ethnographic account of how objects of cultural heritage are being re-configured within the new post-Soviet economy. Specifically, it focuses on sound archive field recordings of traditional music and how they are being transformed into cultural commodities. Regarding the jurisdiction of culture - who controls cultural heritage and how it is used to represent ethnic and national identity - my research shows how these boundaries are increasingly being negotiated within structures of social, cultural and political power. Thus, culture becomes a contested object between competing ideological systems: cultural heritage as a means to salvage and reconstruct repressed histories and to revive former national traditions, on the one hand, and cultural heritage as a creative, future-oriented force to construct new identities in growing consumer marketplaces.

This critical participatory ethnographic study examines the negotiation of civic identity by urban Indigenous students in public high school social studies classes, a Native youth council, and the civic environment of a school in Washington State, where the Since Time Immemorial curriculum is mandated in social studies classes. Using Safety Zone and Tribal Critical Race theories to understand the experiences of students, stories from observations, participant interviews, and focus groups are employed as data. This study found that connections between students’ land/s and Nation/s, participation in service and activism with other Nation/s, a caring teacher, family civic connections, curricula that centers American Indian history and current events, and school were vital to these negotiations. These spaces were zones of sovereignty (Lomawaima & McCarty, 2014) forwarding survivance and self-determination for students. Student understanding of the Indigenous civic constructs of sovereignty, self-determination, dual citizenship and an understanding of federal Indian policy are explored as sites where they created and sustained their own civic identities inside and outside of school.

GIS has been utilized in cultural resources management for decades, yet its application has been largely isolated to predicting the occurrence of archaeological sites. Federal and State agencies are required to protect archaeological sites that are discovered on their lands, but their resources and personnel are very limited. A new methodology is evaluated that uses modern light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and historic aerial photogrammetry to create digital terrain models (DTMs) capable of identifying sites that are most at risk of damage from changes in terrain. Results revealed that photogrammetric modeling of historic aerial imagery, with limitations, can be a useful decision making tool for cultural resources managers to prioritize conservation and monitoring efforts. An attempt to identify key environmental factors that would be indicative of future topographic changes did not reveal conclusive results. However, the methodology proposed has the potential to add an affordable temporal dimension to future digital terrain modeling and land management. Furthermore, the methods have global applicability because they can be utilized in any region with an arid environment.

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