A trajetória histórica dos cursos de Licenciatura é demarcada por pequenos avanços e eventuais retrocessos. As descontinuidades desse processo sinalizam a interferência de inúmeros fatores políticos e culturais. A proposta de formação de professores instaurada no país a partir da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDBEN) e disciplinada por meio das Resoluções CNE/CP 1/2002 e 2/2002 e das Diretrizes Nacionais específicas aos cursos, trouxe ideias inovadoras e animadoras acerca desse tema, visto que sugeriu reflexões mais amplas do que as reformas anteriores, promovendo um processo de reconstrução das Licenciaturas e, consequentemente, a necessidade de adequação na mentalidade dos formadores que nela atuam e das instituições que as facultam. Desse modo, as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) de todo o país vêm implementando, de forma mandatória, reformas em suas estruturas curriculares. É neste contexto que se desenvolve esta pesquisa, que tem por objetivo analisar as implicações das atuais DCN‟s para os cursos de Licenciatura e as possibilidades de uma nova perspectiva de formação inicial docente. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida numa abordagem qualitativa, por meio de estudo de caso, a fim de investigar os cursos de Licenciatura de Ciências Biológicas e de História da UFRGS. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizadas duas técnicas: a análise documental, para examinar os documentos legais e os projetos pedagógicos dos cursos, e a entrevista semiestruturada, buscando na fala dos professores a sua perspectiva sobre a reforma curricular e a existência de práticas incentivadoras da formação do sujeito crítico-reflexivo. A investigação aponta para a dificuldade de construção dos Planos Políticos Pedagógicos (PPPs) e de adequação das matrizes curriculares conforme a verificação da imprecisão de alguns dados conferidos na análise documental como, por exemplo, a ampliação da carga horária das práticas pedagógicas. Outro aspecto a ser destacado é o desconhecimento dos professores das disciplinas específicas sobre o conteúdo da reforma. Um achado deste estudo diz respeito a uma não autonomia dos cursos de Bacharelado e Licenciatura, identificada na seleção por um mesmo concurso vestibular. Esses e outros fatores permitem afirmar que o processo de reforma ainda está em andamento devido aos dissensos e conflitos historicamente instituídos no cotidiano das instituições. Esta pesquisa encontra-se inserida no campo de discussões teóricas sobre políticas educacionais, formação docente e relação teoria e prática, e apoia-se nos estudos de Pimenta (2008), Contreras (2002), Zeichner (2008), Popkewitz (1997), Diniz-Pereira (2008) e Tardif (2007). / The historical trajectory of the undergraduate courses is marked for small advances and accidental setbacks. The discontinuities of this process signalize the interference s of countless cultural and political factors. The proposal for training teachers established in the country from LDBEN and disciplined by the resolutions CNE/CP 1/2002 e 2/2002 and the Diretrizes Nacionais specified to the coursers, brought innovative and exciting ideas about this subject since it proposed wider reflections than the previous renovations, promoting a process of rebuilding of Undergraduate courses, and consequently, the necessity of adequacy of trainer teachers that act in there and the institutions that provide them. Thus, the IES of the whole country have been implementing reforms in a mandatory way, reforms in their curriculum structures and it is in this context this research develops , which has the aim to analyze the implications of the present DCNs for the Undergraduate courses and the possibilities of a new perspective of the initial teaching training to investigate. The research was developed in a qualitative approach by of case study to investigate the Undergraduate courses of Biological Sciences and History of UFRGS. To collect data two techniques were used: the document analyses for analizyng the legal documents and the pedagogical projects of the courses and a semi- structured interview looking for in teachers‟voices their perspective on the curriculum reform and existence of supportive practices formation of critical reflexive subjects. The investigation points to the difficulty of construction of PPCs and the adequacy of curriculum matrices according to the inaccuracy of some analyzed data in the documental analysis; for example, the expansion of teaching practices, teaching formation working hours. Another aspect to be emphasized is the unfamiliarity of the specific subjects teachers on the content of this reform. A finding of this study refers to the non autonomy of the bachelor and Undergraduate identified in the selection through a same entrance exam. These and other factors allow to affirm that the reform process is still going on due to dissensious historical institute conflicts in the daily work of the institutions. This research is based on theory and discussions about educational policies and the practice –theory relation, supported by the studies of Pimenta (2008), Contreras (2002), Zeichner (2008), Popkewitz (1997), Diniz-Pereira (2008) e Tardif (2007).

A partir da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Brasileira (LDBEN) do ano de 1996, iniciou-se a produção de diversos documentos, tanto de orientações como de definições em torno da organização de conteúdos, ou ainda, sobre as ideias geradoras dessas bases. Surgem daí os Parâmetros, Diretrizes e Orientações Curriculares Nacionais que, juntamente com as inovações educacionais, o desenvolvimento científico, econômico e social, ou mesmo influenciados pela opção política, subsidiam os processos das reformas ou mudanças curriculares produzidas nos estados. Esta pesquisa trata de compreendermos e discutirmos como se estabelecem as relações de (in)compreensões dos professores de Matemática que dela participaram e que atuam na rede de ensino da Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo: o engajamento dos professores; os elementos facilitadores e dificultadores percebidos por eles nesse processo, e as possibilidades de resistências na prática da sala de aula. Para tanto, produzimos e aplicamos questionários e entrevistas a dois grupos de professores, em três regiões do Estado de São Paulo. Elaboramos, dessa forma, três eixos principais que nortearam nossa pesquisa: o currículo, a competência e a prática docente. Sobre o currículo, pesquisamos suas concepções, as teorias que o influenciam e as pesquisas em Educação e Educação Matemática que fomentam a produção desses documentos. A competência é elemento inovador nos documentos curriculares; ela invade os currículos, porém, produz pluralidade em seu significado. Quanto à formação dos professores, destacamos tanto o conhecimento profissional destes como a resistência elaborada nos seus discursos. / The 1996 Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Brasileira (LDBEN) [Brazilian Education Bases and Guidelines Law] paved the way for the production of various strands of literature, involving both guidelines and definitions on the organisation of content and even on the ideas to have generated these bases. The National Curriculum Parameters, Directives and Guidelines soon followed, and, along with innovations in education, scientific, economic and social development and influences from political decisions, have come to subsidise the procedures for curricular reforms or changes produced across each state. This study aims to understand and discuss how (mis)understanding(s) are established on the part of mathematics teachers in the São Paulo state education network by considering teachers engagement, elements which they believe facilitate or complicate the process and practical possibilities for the generation of counterarguments in the classroom. We therefore produced and carried out questionnaires and interviews with two groups of teachers in three regions in the state of São Paulo. This allowed us to develop three strands of focus for our study: the curriculum, teaching competence and teaching practice. In terms of the curriculum, we researched the concepts behind it, the theories to have influenced it and the research into Education and Mathematics Education to have fed the production of the literature. Competence is an innovative element in literature on curricula; it dominates curricula, and yet there is plurality inherent to its meaning. In terms of teacher training, we highlight both professional knowledge and the counterarguments developed in the teachers discourse.

A trajetória histórica dos cursos de Licenciatura é demarcada por pequenos avanços e eventuais retrocessos. As descontinuidades desse processo sinalizam a interferência de inúmeros fatores políticos e culturais. A proposta de formação de professores instaurada no país a partir da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDBEN) e disciplinada por meio das Resoluções CNE/CP 1/2002 e 2/2002 e das Diretrizes Nacionais específicas aos cursos, trouxe ideias inovadoras e animadoras acerca desse tema, visto que sugeriu reflexões mais amplas do que as reformas anteriores, promovendo um processo de reconstrução das Licenciaturas e, consequentemente, a necessidade de adequação na mentalidade dos formadores que nela atuam e das instituições que as facultam. Desse modo, as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) de todo o país vêm implementando, de forma mandatória, reformas em suas estruturas curriculares. É neste contexto que se desenvolve esta pesquisa, que tem por objetivo analisar as implicações das atuais DCN‟s para os cursos de Licenciatura e as possibilidades de uma nova perspectiva de formação inicial docente. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida numa abordagem qualitativa, por meio de estudo de caso, a fim de investigar os cursos de Licenciatura de Ciências Biológicas e de História da UFRGS. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizadas duas técnicas: a análise documental, para examinar os documentos legais e os projetos pedagógicos dos cursos, e a entrevista semiestruturada, buscando na fala dos professores a sua perspectiva sobre a reforma curricular e a existência de práticas incentivadoras da formação do sujeito crítico-reflexivo. A investigação aponta para a dificuldade de construção dos Planos Políticos Pedagógicos (PPPs) e de adequação das matrizes curriculares conforme a verificação da imprecisão de alguns dados conferidos na análise documental como, por exemplo, a ampliação da carga horária das práticas pedagógicas. Outro aspecto a ser destacado é o desconhecimento dos professores das disciplinas específicas sobre o conteúdo da reforma. Um achado deste estudo diz respeito a uma não autonomia dos cursos de Bacharelado e Licenciatura, identificada na seleção por um mesmo concurso vestibular. Esses e outros fatores permitem afirmar que o processo de reforma ainda está em andamento devido aos dissensos e conflitos historicamente instituídos no cotidiano das instituições. Esta pesquisa encontra-se inserida no campo de discussões teóricas sobre políticas educacionais, formação docente e relação teoria e prática, e apoia-se nos estudos de Pimenta (2008), Contreras (2002), Zeichner (2008), Popkewitz (1997), Diniz-Pereira (2008) e Tardif (2007). / The historical trajectory of the undergraduate courses is marked for small advances and accidental setbacks. The discontinuities of this process signalize the interference s of countless cultural and political factors. The proposal for training teachers established in the country from LDBEN and disciplined by the resolutions CNE/CP 1/2002 e 2/2002 and the Diretrizes Nacionais specified to the coursers, brought innovative and exciting ideas about this subject since it proposed wider reflections than the previous renovations, promoting a process of rebuilding of Undergraduate courses, and consequently, the necessity of adequacy of trainer teachers that act in there and the institutions that provide them. Thus, the IES of the whole country have been implementing reforms in a mandatory way, reforms in their curriculum structures and it is in this context this research develops , which has the aim to analyze the implications of the present DCNs for the Undergraduate courses and the possibilities of a new perspective of the initial teaching training to investigate. The research was developed in a qualitative approach by of case study to investigate the Undergraduate courses of Biological Sciences and History of UFRGS. To collect data two techniques were used: the document analyses for analizyng the legal documents and the pedagogical projects of the courses and a semi- structured interview looking for in teachers‟voices their perspective on the curriculum reform and existence of supportive practices formation of critical reflexive subjects. The investigation points to the difficulty of construction of PPCs and the adequacy of curriculum matrices according to the inaccuracy of some analyzed data in the documental analysis; for example, the expansion of teaching practices, teaching formation working hours. Another aspect to be emphasized is the unfamiliarity of the specific subjects teachers on the content of this reform. A finding of this study refers to the non autonomy of the bachelor and Undergraduate identified in the selection through a same entrance exam. These and other factors allow to affirm that the reform process is still going on due to dissensious historical institute conflicts in the daily work of the institutions. This research is based on theory and discussions about educational policies and the practice –theory relation, supported by the studies of Pimenta (2008), Contreras (2002), Zeichner (2008), Popkewitz (1997), Diniz-Pereira (2008) e Tardif (2007).

The full abstract for this thesis is available in the body of the thesis, and will be available when the embargo expires. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

Orientador: César Apareciddo Nunes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T08:21:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Regalo_CarlosAlberto_D.pdf: 1820572 bytes, checksum: 9ed9747627c91be87d322f2ba3a59a3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Trata-se de pesquisa histórica de base filosófica e política, voltada para o balanço crítico do impacto das medidas e dispositivos da Reforma Neoliberal da Educação (1996-2006) e suas implicações curriculares e pedagógicas. Parte da recuperação crítica das matrizes históricas e políticas da educação brasileira, desde a implantação da educação e cultura jesuítica no período colonial, como se afirmou uma concepção positivista no alvorecer da República (1889), como se consolidou a proposta educacional do Estado Novo (1937), como se produziram as normas e regulações educacionais da ditadura militar (1971) e como se expressou o viés neoliberal da organização educacional e escolar recente do Brasil (1996). Busca analisar como se formaram e ainda formam ideologicamente as representações de ensinar e aprender e os modos de a escola se apresentar na sociedade. Recupera o contexto das reformas educacionais na Espanha, a partir do final dos anos 1970, e no Brasil, dez anos depois e analisa suas articulações, influências e derivações. Tem se como hipótese que tais diretrizes oficiais foram desenhadas por uma concepção de mercado em que estavam postos alguns traços comuns, a homogeneização de conteúdos e metodologias, a fiscalização avaliatória e um forte apelo à disposição das tecnologias digitais em sala de aula. Apresenta-se, em especial, a implantação do projeto neoliberal no Estado de São Paulo e, para compreendê-lo em suas múltiplas contradições, busca-se desvendar as suas origens e filiações à reforma espanhola. Analisa-se finalmente o cenário educacional brasileiro na contemporaneidade a partir das contradições que se mantém frequentes nesse terceiro milênio e que nos obrigam a reafirmar a necessidade de uma pedagogia histórico-crítica que se oriente pela compreensão da prática política e do esclarecimento emancipatório / Abstract: This work is a historical research based in the philosophical and political critical assessment of the impact of measures and devices of the Neoliberal Reform of Education (1996-2006) and its pedagogical and curricular implications. Has its beginnings in the historical and political matrices of the Brazilian education since the establishment of Jesuit education and culture in the colonial period, as stated a positivist conception of the Republic (1889), as consolidated the educational proposal of New State (1937), as is have produced educational standards and regulations of military dictatorship (1971) and expressed as the bias of the neoliberal educational organization and school's recent Brazil (1996). Seeks to analyze how they formed and still form the ideological representations of teaching and learning and the ways of the school perform in society. Retrieves the context of educational reform in Spain, from the late 1970s, and in Brazil, ten years later, and analyzes their joints, influences and derivations. It has been hypothesized that such official guidelines were designed by a conception of the market in which jobs were some commonalities, the homogenization of content and methodologies, evaluative supervision and a strong appeal to the provision of digital technologies in the classroom. It presents, in particular the implementation of the neoliberal project in the State of São Paulo, and to understand it in its many contradictions, seeks to unravel its origins and affiliations Spanish reform. Finally analyzes the Brazilian educational scenario in contemporary from the contradictions that remain frequent in this third millennium and that require us to reaffirm the need for a historical-critical pedagogy that is driven by an understanding of practical politics and emancipatory enlightenment / Doutorado / Filosofia e História da Educação / Doutor em Educação

Diploma thesis is designed as quantitative research study. The aim is to find out the opinion and attitude of teachers from Czech primary schools concerning the new curriculum reform, which has officially come into use in the form of Framework Educational Program in 2005. The new system of curriculum documents replaces the former educational programs based on centrally imposed curriculum and thus broadens the autonomy of teachers and school institutions, who were assigned to prepare their own school educational program. Besides the changes both in the main objectives of primary education and to some extend in the educational content, there has also been a shift in the role and expectations related to the teacher profession. The main purpose of the study is to find out and describe teacher's prevailing opinion of such change in the educational concept and its benefits at the level of compulsory education. Another aim is to present, how teachers perceive the barriers and inner motivations related to these reform changes in schools, and how these barriers affect the overall attitude towards the reform. The research will also show how the changes in schools since the formal reform introduction are evaluated and which parts of the reform realization and to what extend are considered problematic. At last, the...

A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy for the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies, Faculty of Education at the University of Zululand, 2018. / The continuous protest from various quarters of society about the weakening education standard are a concern. Chess has been found to be a solution to remedy this problem in many countries through studies testing its effectiveness on the learners. However, very little is said about the teachers who are key in the success of this integration. This study aimed at getting the perspectives of the stakeholders regarding the incorporation of chess into the curriculum in the four subjects in the Foundation Phase, namely, isiZulu, English, Mathematics and Life skills. This qualitative design research looks at the perspectives of the stakeholders about the impact of incorporating chess into the curriculum practice through the Tsogo Sun Moves for Life programme piloted in the King Cetshwayo district. Through interviews, observations and document analysis, this study acquired the insights of 14 teachers who work as Tsogo Sun Moves for Life facilitators in schools under the programme, the district official who is tasked with ensuring that the curriculum is well delivered in schools, and the Tsogo Sun Moves for Life co-ordinator who assist the facilitators in incorporating chess into the curriculum. The study reveals that teachers find chess to be helpful as it helps the learners learn better while having fun, their attention span is increased, and they tend to concentrate better when chess is integrated. However, the teachers face many challenges as they struggle to merge chess into the curriculum, from those who view it as an add- on detached from the curriculum, and therefore see it as additional workload for them. The language used in the chess instruction appeared to be a challenge as the chess resources are not written in the learners’ home language.

International literature suggests that curriculum changes that have occurred in higher education globally over the last two decades, more specifically the shift from subject-based curriculum to integrated curriculum have been perceived by many academics as having affected their work with regard to course designing, teaching and assessment. Studies of academics’ response to such changes have argued that the way academics perceived these changes and the meanings they made of them influenced the implementation of these curriculum changes. This case study investigates lecturers’ perceptions of how one curriculum reform, the introduction of the Credit Accumulation and Modular Scheme (CAMS) in higher education in Rwanda, has affected lecturers’ work. One of the aims of the study was to analyse how lecturers understand CAMS and the changes it has introduced in their work. A second aim was to analyse how these perceptions and changes are negotiated in their teaching practices. Sixteen lecturers from Kigali Institute of Education were interviewed. Analyses of lecturers’ accounts of their teaching experiences revealed that lecturers espoused the intended changes that CAMS introduced in their work. However, although they claimed that the changes have affected their teaching and teaching arrangements- course designing, teaching and assessment- in actual practices many of them have not always managed to shift their thinking. CAMS requires lecturers to function in teams. However, although they have been trying to do so many of them have not managed to work out how to make more substantive changes to the way they think about the knowledge to be taught, their actual teaching and assessment practices. They have tried to keep boundaries of their disciplines while CAMS requires them to integrate their teaching.

Recently a new national curriculum was introduced in Swedish grade schools. This study set out with the purpose to investigate how teachers have interpreted and perceived the new policy documents during their first year in action. The theoretical framework consists of Aristotle's qualification of knowledge which divides knowledge into three forms: episteme (scientific knowledge), techne (practical knowledge, skills, and crafts) and phronesis (practical wisdom). Through the lens of Aristotle's three forms of knowledge, we analyze the results of our semi structured survey which consists of both closed, semi-open, and open questions. The data consists of eleven survey answers by history teachers across the country. The results illustrate that teachers have interpreted and perceived the new national curriculum differently, and have, therefore, drawn different conclusions based on their different circumstances. However, the teachers seem to share a mutual understanding that subject knowledge is more emphasized in the new national curriculum. Most of the teachers devote time to practical knowledge in their lesson plans, but argue that the development of practical wisdom, however, is rather a spontaneously occurring form of knowledge that is not or cannot be planned ahead as easily. Lastly, the results of this study indicate that training, collegial communication, and consultation can have an impact on the understanding of a curriculum.

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