Returer är ett problem i den växande e-handelskonsumtionen av mode och shopping online har gjort det mycket lättare för konsumenter att konsumera. Ändå glöms returprocessen ofta bort på grund av bekvämligheten som är online shopping. Modejättarna som tidigare erbjöd liberala returpolicyer för e-handelsköp börjar nu skärpa sina returpolicyer. Denna studie undersöker hur strikta returpolicyer påverkar konsumenternas köpvilja. Genom att analysera data från en enkätundersökning och testa sambandet mellan variabler visar resultaten att konsumenter på kort sikt är mindre benägna att köpa från företag med strikta returpolicyer. Dessutom påverkar strikta returpolicyer konsumentens köpvilja negativt då det ökar konsumentens risktagande, ansvarstagande och osäkerheter. Dessa resultat visar vikten av att ha en mild och flexibel returpolicy. E-handelsföretag föreslås ändra sin strikta returpolicy för att få lojala och nöjda kunder samt ökad försäljning / Returns are a problem in the growing e-commerce consumption of fashion and shopping online has made it a lot easier for consumers to consume. Yet, the return process is often forgotten in the convenience that is online shopping. The fashion giants that previously offered liberal return policies on e-commerce purchases are now starting to tighten their return policies. This study investigates how strict return policies affect consumers' willingness to buy. By analyzing data from a survey and testing the correlation between bivariate the results show that consumers are less likely to buy from companies with strict return policies. In addition, strict return policies negatively affect the consumer's willingness to buy as it increases the consumer's risk-taking, responsibility-taking and uncertainties. These results show the importance of having a lenient and flexible return policy. E-commerce companies are suggested to change their strict return policy to gain loyal and content customers as well as increased sales.

Frågeställning: Hur påverkas H&Ms kunder och dess lojalitet som följd av greenwashingskandaler, med hänsyn till deras befintliga hållbarhetssyn och hur de generellt påverkas av nyhetsmedia och social media? Hur förändrar H&M sin hållbarhetsrapportering för att stärka legitimiteten som följd av en förändrad kundlojalitet på grund av greenwashingskandal? Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva och analysera kundernas lojalitet till företag till följd av en greenwashingskandal, med hänsyn till nyhetsmedia och social media samt kundernas hållbarhetssyn. Vidare undersöks om och på vilket sätt företagen förändrar deras hållbarhetsredovisning som följd av greenwashingskandalen som påverkat kundlojaliteten för att upprätthålla legitimitet. Studien fokuserar på klädindustrin med H&M som undersökningsobjekt. Metod: Studien var av en kvalitativ studie av deduktiv karaktär. Den baserades på tio intervjuer med studenter som sedan tidigare är kunder hos H&M. Insamling av information gjordes först genom en referensram och beskrivning av viktiga begrepp, vidare genomfördes intervjuer för att sedan sammanställa i ett resultat och analysera. Informationen insamlades successivt under arbetets gång och har till stor del hittats genom databaser och vetenskapliga artiklar Slutsats: Studien visar att kundernas hållbarhetssyn skiljer sig mellan de manliga och de kvinnliga respondenterna och att hållbarhet har större betydelse för kvinnor. Nyhetsmedia och socialmedia påverkar kundlojaliteten till viss del, respondenterna anser sig vara kritiska när det kommer till media men över hälften tillkännager att de trots det genomfört köp. 6/10 respondenter anser att deras kundlojalitet till H&M inte påverkats av greenwashingskandalerna utan att de kommer fortsätta genomföra köp där medan resterande kommer undersöka företaget mer innan ytterligare köp genomförs hos H&M. Vidare visar studien att kundlojaliteten påverkas olika mycket beroende på vad för typ av greenwashingskandal det handlar om. Respondenterna påverkas mer av sociala hållbarhetsskandaler än miljömässiga. Kundlojalitet påverkar företagets legitimitet och H&M har lagt ett större fokus på hållbarhet i deras rapportering för att på så sätt kunna stärka sin legitimitet igen efter tidigare inträffade skandaler. Studien tyder även på att hög legitimitet är viktigt för studenter men med fokus på andra faktorer än hållbarhet. Studien kommer fungera som ett tillägg till tidigare forskning och bidrar med en annan synvinkel än de tidigare. I enlighet med andra studier framkommer det även här att det finns flertalet faktorer som påverkar kundlojalitet som i sin tur påverkar legitimiteten hos företagen. / Question: How are H&M's customers and their loyalty affected as a result of greenwashing scandals, regarding their existing view of sustainability and how are they generally affected by news media and social media? How does H&M change its sustainability reporting to strengthen its legitimacy as a result of a changed customer loyalty due to the greenwashing scandal? Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe and analyze customers 'loyalty to companies as a result of a greenwashing scandal, regarding news media and social media as well as customers' views on sustainability. It also examines whether and in what way companies change their sustainability reporting as a result of the greenwashing scandal that has affected customer loyalty in order to maintain legitimacy. The study focuses on the clothing industry with H&M as the research object. Method: The study was of a qualitative study of a deductive nature. It was based on ten interviews with students who are already customers of H&M. Collection of information was first done through a frame of reference and description of important concepts, further interviews were conducted to then compile into a result and analyze. The information was collected gradually during the work and has largely been found through databases and scientific articles Conclusion: The study shows that customers' views on sustainability differ between the male and female respondents and that sustainability is more important for women. News media and social media affects the respondents' loyalty to some extent, the respondents consider themselves critical when it comes to media, but more than half announce that they have nevertheless made a purchase. 6/10 respondents believe that their loyalty to H&M has not been affected by the greenwashingscandals but that they will continue to make purchases there, while the rest will investigate the company more before further purchases are made at H&M. Furthermore, the study shows that customer loyalty is affected to varying degrees depending on if the greenwashing scandal is about social or environmental sustainability. Customer loyalty affects the company's legitimacy and H&M has placed a larger focus on sustainability in their reports in order to be able to strengthen its legitimacy again after previous scandals. The study also shows that high legitimacy is important for students but with a focus on factors other than sustainability. The study will serve as a supplement to previous research and contribute with a different point of view than the previous ones. In accordance with other studies, it also emerges here that there are several factors that affect customer loyalty, which in turn affect the legitimacy of companies.

Denna studie har undersökt hur digitaliseringen påverkar kundretention i dagligvaruhandeln vilket är ett intressant och aktuellt ämne. I dagens samhälle där det råder mycket osäkerhet kring världsekonomin vilket markant påverkar konsumenters privatekonomi och livsmedelsindustrin, har det varit intressant att undersöka konsumenters köpbeteende och reaktioner till ekonomikrisen. På grund av hur dagligvaruhandeln ser ut har det varit relevant att undersöka hur konsumenter svarar på företags tillämpning av digitala verktyg för att optimera kundretention.  För att besvara undersökningens syfte utfördes en empirisk studie. En litteraturstudie har utförts för att undersöka det studerande fenomenet samt vad tidigare forskning har resulterat i. Efter litteraturstudien tillämpades en enkätundersökning som vidare sammanställdes för att analyseras i statistikprogrammet IBM SPSS. I SPSS skapades bivariata analyser i form av korstabellsanalys, korrelationsanalys och regressionsanalys för att skapa och identifiera korrelationer och samband mellan de undersökta variablerna.  Studiens resultat visar att kombinationen av pris, geografiskt läge samt erbjudanden och rabatter är betydande faktorer för kundretention. Studien visar även att digitaliseringen har en betydande effekt på kundretention. Teknologins ständiga utveckling bidrar till implementering av nya verktyg som effektiviserar hanteringen av kunddata för att stärka kundrelationer och öka kundretention. / This thesis has studied how digitization affects customer retention in the grocery trade, which is an interesting and relevant topic. In today's society, where there is much uncertainty surrounding the world economy, which significantly affects consumers' private finances and the food industry, has it been interesting to examine consumers' buying behavior and reactions to the economic crisis. Due to the circumstances in the grocery trade, has it been relevant to study how consumers respond to companies' application of digital tools to optimize customer retention. In order to answer the purpose of the survey, an empirical study was carried out. A literature study has been carried out to investigate the studied phenomenon and what previous research has resulted in. After the literature study, a questionnaire survey was applied which was further set to be analyzed in the statistical program IBM SPSS. In SPSS, bivariate analyzes were created in the form of cross-tabulation analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis to create and identify correlations and connections between the studied variables. The results of the study show that the combination of price, location, offers and discounts are significant factors for customer retention. The study also shows that digitization has a significant effect on customer retention. The constant development of technology contributes to the implementation of new tools that streamline the handling of customer data to strengthen customer relationships and increase customer retention.

La alta demanda de servicios móviles, el aumento de operadoras en el mercado y su baja calidad de servicio, les ha dado motivos a los usuarios para migrar a otras operadoras al no estar conformes con el servicio brindado,no obstante no todos lo hacen. Por medio de una investigación cuantitativa a una muestra de 400 usuarios de servicios móviles, se estudiará el impacto del Service quality, customer satisfaction en el customer loyalty en la categoría de telefonía móvil en el Perú, colocando al switching cost como una variable moderadora. La falta de estudios sobre la industria de celulares en el Perú tomando el switching cost como variable moderadora es el principal motivo de esta investigación. / The high demand for mobile services, the increase in operators in the market and their low quality of service, have given users reasons to be able to migrate to other operators by not being satisfied with the one they present, however, not all do it. Through a quantitative study, the impact of Service quality, customer satisfaction on customer loyalty in the mobile telephony category in Peru is investigated, placing switching cost as a moderating variable. The lack of studies on the cell phone industry in Peru taking the switching cost as a moderating variable is the main reason for this research. / Trabajo de investigación

Актуальность темы обусловлена потребностью организаций в оптимизации бизнес-процессов продвижения через сеть Интернет в сфере оптовой торговли. Целью выпускной квалификационной работы является разработка и внедрение нового функционала, оптимизирующего процесс продвижения на предприятии ООО «Мед-орто». Данные рекомендации применяются на практике, и будут способствовать поддержанию интереса покупателей к компании «Мед-Орто». Реализация проекта направлена на увеличение продаж, узнаваемости, формированию лояльных пользователей. / The relevance of the topic is due to the need for organizations to optimize the business processes of promotion via the Internet in the field of wholesale. The purpose of the final qualification work is the development and implementation of new functionality that optimizes the promotion process at the “Med-orto” enterprise. These recommendations are applied in practice and will help maintain the interest of buyers in “Med-orto”. The implementation of the project is aimed at increasing sales, recognition, and building loyal users.

Digitaliseringsfenomenet har inneburit ett ändrat kundbeteende gällande hur kunder numera väljer att hushålla och förvalta sin ekonomi. I och med det ändrade kundbeteendet väljer banker att distribuera många av deras finansiella tjänster digitalt. Som en följd av denna digitaliserings transformation inom finansmarknaden har den fysiska interaktionen mellan bank och kund minskat. Eftersom sparbanker är en banktyp med ett nischat koncept och ett fokus på aktivt, socialt och nära samverkan med kunder, uppstår det en kunskapslucka för hur sparbanker kan förbättra och/eller omforma sina strategier kring relationshantering i en mer digitaliserad bankvärld. För att uppfylla detta syfte utgår uppsatsen från följande frågeställning: Vilka skillnader och likheter kan identifieras mellan kundens och bankens synsätt, gällande kundrelationer i och med digitaliseringen i bankbranschen? Genom att belysa både sparbankens och kundernas perspektiv har en jämförelse mellan dessa två perspektiv kunnat framställas. Vilket i sin tur hjälper till att bygga en förståelse för hur sparbankerna kan bedriva en nära, personlig och bra relation i samband med de digitala tjänsterna och samtidigt försöka behålla långa och lojala kundrelationer som även belyser förtroende och tillfredsställelse bland kunderna.     Denna uppsats har en kvalitativ forskningsgrund, där det empiriska underlaget har samlats utifrån tre individuella intervjuer med sparbanks medarbetare och två fokusgruppsintervjuer med fyra sparbankskunder i varje grupp. Det empiriska resultatet har kodats och analyserats utifrån uppsatsens fyra valda teoretiska parametrar. Resultatet visar att det inte finns några direkta skillnader mellan kundens och bankens perspektiv på kundrelationer. Båda parterna är medvetna om att den digitala transformationen inom bankmarknaden bidrar med en stor flexibilitet som skapar tillfredsställelse. Dock parallellt med detta går det att tyda från båda parterna att den fysiska kontakten fortfarande är viktig för att skapa en tillfredsställelse, förtroende och långsiktiga kundrelationer. Likt kundrespondenterna uttrycker också sparbanksmedarbetarna att en vana och okunskap för de digitala banktjänsterna kan skapa en misstro till användningen av dessa tjänster. För att kunna behålla en bra relation med denna sorts kundgrupp i en mer digitaliserad bank, behöver sparbanken införa åtgärder för att inte skapa ett utanförskap för just denna kundgrupp. / The digitalization phenomenon has led to a change in behavior when it comes to how customers now choose to manage their finances. Due to the changes in customer behavior, banks have therefore chosen to distribute a big amount of their financial services online. As a result of the digital transformation among the financial sector, the physical interaction between the bank and customer has decreased. Sparbanken is a bank with a niche concept where the focus is on an active, social and close interaction with its customers. A lack of knowledge about how Sparbanken can improve or reshape its strategies within relationship management in a digitalized banking world arises. In order to fulfill this aim, will this study be based on the following research question: Which differences and similarities can be identified between the customers and the banks perspective when it comes to customer relations in a digitized banking sector? By analyzing both sparbankens and its customers perspective, a comparison between these two perspectives can be presented. This in turn leads to a better opportunity to gather an understanding of how sparbanken can carry out a close and personal relationship in connection to the digitization and at the same time try to keep long term and loyal customer relations. Which also builds trust and customer satisfaction among customers.    This thesis has a qualitative research base, where the empirical results have been gathered through three individual interviews with bank employees of sparbanken and two focusgroup interviews with four sparbank customers in each group. The empirical results have been coded and analyzed through four selected theoretical parameters. The results indicate that there are no direct differences between the bank and the customers perspective, when it comes to customer relations. Both the customers and the banking employees are aware of the big satisfaction and flexibility the digitalization has made among customers. However parallel to this it can be clarified that physical interaction still is an important factor in order to build satisfaction, trust and long term relationships. Like the customers, sparbankens employees also claim that habits and lack of knowledge creates trust issues towards the function of the digital financial services. In order to maintain a good relationship in a more digitized bank, with these types of customers, sparbanken have to make some changes within customer relationship management in order to not create an exclusion for a customer group.

Customer retention also referred to as Customer loyalty has been proven to be an important factor in the success of online retailers. However, recent research has shown that many online retailers are still unenlightened on the elements they need to focus on in order to retain their customers. On the contrary, Amazon which operates in a business ecosystem has been found to have high customer loyalty which means that the company must have been able to modify rightly the appropriate contributors to online customer loyalty compared to the many other online retailers. Studies have been conducted to investigate different variables including customer satisfaction and trust to find out if these variables can be applied to improve online customer loyalty. Still, there has been no research that has investigated how customer satisfaction together with trust in the context of a business ecosystem may influence customer loyalty. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate how online retailers create customer loyalty as a result of online customer satisfaction and trust in the context of the business ecosystem, by applying the case study of Amazon. The most suitable way of conducting this research was to collect quantitative data from Amazon customers who had shopped more than twice within the last two months from the time of participating in the self-completed survey. The questionnaire was distributed in different Facebook groups and was also shared with a number of participants via email. In order to answer the research questions and fulfill the study purpose, the data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, and correlation and regression analyses were conducted. The findings indicated that customer satisfaction and trust in the context of a business ecosystem are the key factors in establishing customer loyalty. In addition, trust in the context of a business ecosystem contributed more to predicting customer loyalty in comparison to customer satisfaction.

Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la calidad de servicio en la satisfacción y lealtad del cliente de una clínica de fertilidad en Chiclayo, 2021. Materiales y métodos: Por medio de un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo y diseño no experimental transversal, se realizó una encuesta a una muestra de 132 clientes de la clínica aplicando la metodología SERVPERF, evaluando las variables en estudio y posteriormente calculando su nivel de relación a través del estadístico Rho de Spearman. Resultado: Se encontró que el nivel de las 3 variables es alto, sin embargo, al buscar la relación de la satisfacción y lealtad con la calidad de servicio se determinó un nivel de relación moderado, a causa de la importancia del resultado final para el cliente, antes que alguna de las variables en estudio. Conclusiones: La clienta valora más el resultado final, quedar embarazada, para su satisfacción y lealtad, antes que la calidad, por lo que se recomienda realizar un estudio más profundo de las variables mencionadas y así mejorar el servicio. / Objective: To determine the influence of service quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty in a fertility clinic in Chiclayo, 2021. Materials and methods: Through a quantitative approach and a non-experimental cross-sectional design, a survey was conducted on a sample of 132 clients of the clinic applying the SERVPERF methodology, evaluating the variables under study and subsequently calculating their level of relationship through Spearman's Rho statistic. Result: It was found that the level of the 3 variables is high, however, when looking for the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty with the quality of service, a moderate level of relationship was determined, due to the importance of the final result for the client, before any of the variables under study. Conclusions: The client values more the final result, getting pregnant, for her satisfaction and loyalty, before quality, so it is recommended to carry out a deeper study of the mentioned variables and improve the service.

El presente estudio se desarrolló con el objetivo de determinar la relación entre el valor percibido y lealtad de los clientes en las sedes Chiclayo – Chota – Cutervo, para ello se utilizó el diseño experimental de corte transversal correlacional, con enfoque cuantitativo de nivel básico. Se empleo como técnica de recolección de datos la encuesta y su instrumento el cuestionario con escala de Likert, validado mediante la V de Aiken con un total de 5 expertos en la línea de investigación evidenciando concordancia en los mismos, para estimar la confiabilidad se utilizó el alfa de Cronbach aplicando la prueba piloto con una muestra de 38 clientes. Se considero para el estudio una población infinita con muestreo probabilístico aleatorio estratificado según los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, teniendo una muestra total de 384 clientes, los cuales se fragmentan según la capacidad de atención a los clientes por cada sede. Dada la probabilidad significativa (p=0.000), los resultados de la investigación muestran que el valor percibido se relaciona de manera significativa con la lealtad de los clientes, los puntajes obtenidos por indicadores en la sede Chota son de .429, Chiclayo .330 y Cutervo .434; lo que indica que el servicio está orientado a satisfacer las expectativas del usuario en cuanto a costo/beneficio. / The present study was developed with the objective of determining the relationship between perceived value and customer loyalty at the Chiclayo – Chota – Cutervo headquarters, for this purpose the correlational cross-sectional experimental design was used, with a basic level quantitative approach. The survey and its instrument, the questionnaire with a Likert scale validated using Aiken's V, were used as a data collection technique with a total of 5 experts in the line of research, evidencing agreement in them. To estimate reliability, alpha was used. of Cronbach applying the pilot test with a sample of 38 clients. An infinite population was considered for the study with stratified random probabilistic sampling according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, having a total sample of 384 clients, which are fragmented according to the customer service capacity of each location. Given the significant probability (p=0.000), the results of the research show that perceived value is significantly related to customer loyalty, the scores obtained by indicators at the Chota headquarters are .429, Chiclayo .330 and Cutervo .434; which indicates that the service is oriented to satisfy the user's expectations in terms of cost/benefit.

The study examines the impact of communication on customer satisfaction at the Transvaal Museum. Customer satisfaction refers to customer's overall satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the organisation based on all encounters and experience with that particular organisation. Communication has an impact on both customer satisfaction and future behavioural actions of consumers. There are four sources of brand messages namely, planned, unplanned, product and service messages. In the quest for increased customer satisfaction, companies are moving away from the traditional 4Ps (product, price, place and promotion) of the marketing mix to the 8Ps. The other four Ps include physical assets, procedures, personnel and personalisation. Integration of all marketing communications to customers is seen as a key activity in companies' attempts to build long term-relationships. On the whole, the study has indicated that customers of the museum are satisfied with its products, services and messages. However, the research has also shown that customers are not happy with the way the museum handles its planned communication activities. / Communication Science / M.A. (Organisational Communication Research Practice)