Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:29:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandes_rc_me_ilha.pdf: 1607084 bytes, checksum: d60bd1d35a36564730a6c9f6b43790ab (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho propõe um novo conversor CA-CC trifásico de múltiplos pulsos com estágios CC-CC elevadores de tensão controlados pela técnica de histerese constante. Nesta proposta não são empregados indutores de interfase. A finalidade deste conversor é a de possibilitar um barramento CC regulado para aplicações embarcadas, acionamentos elétricos e afins, sempre com preocupações relacionadas aos aspectos de Qualidade de Energia Elétrica. Assim, a proposta deve apresentar elevado fator de potência, baixa distorção harmônica total de corrente drenada da rede elétrica. Ampla revisão bibliográfica, reunindo as propostas mais recentes da literatura para conversores com mesma finalidade, é feita para que sejam estudadas as estruturas de potência, técnicas de controle, versatilidade, possibilidade de isolamento galvânico e robustez. Em seguida, é detalhada a proposta principal deste trabalho por meio da apresentação do equacionamento do autotransformador, dos estágios elevadores de tensão e da técnica de controle. Esta análise permite que sejam feitas simulações com todos os elementos do conversor CA-CC e então, se desenvolva o projeto físico dos elementos magnéticos e se escolham os componentes eletrônicos do protótipo. O número reduzido de componentes de controle e a simplicidade dos circuitos de potência são grandes atrativos da proposta discutida. Todas as informações relevantes são descritas detalhadamente e, sempre que possível, meios alternativos de solucionar problemas são também apresentados, de forma que fiquem claras as possibilidades de melhoria da técnica empregada. A operação conjunta de todos os elementos mais a técnica de controle foi validada, de maneira que se comprovou, por meio de ensaios, todos os princípios de funcionamento da proposta de conversor CA-CC. Pelos resultados experimentais, obteve-se corrente drenada... / This work proposes a new AC-DC three-phase multipulse converter with DC-DC boost stages and constant hysteresis control. The objective of this converter is to provide a reliable DC bus for on-board applications, electric motor drives and similars, always considering power quality issues. Thus, the proposal presents high power factor and low harmonic distortions in the currents from the mains. A wide revision is made on other recent proposals found in the scientific literature. Different topologies are compared considering power circuits, control techniques, isolation possibility and robustness. The second chapter presents the details on the main proposal of this work and also the mathematical equations that describe the autotransformer, boost converters and control strategy. Later, simulation results are commented and discussed and the physical design is detailed. The output filter elements, power components and control elements are specified. Experimental results including main waveforms, efficiency, voltage regulation and temperature rise are presented for the autotransformer. The boost stages are also tested and its results are discussed. Finally, the proposed AC-DC converter is tested and the control technique applied to the power stage is validated

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SaraMFA.pdf: 4966448 bytes, checksum: 1ef74fa9275b2d2eb81d82fd6bcd301f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-18 / Low voltage solar panels increase the reliability of solar panels due to reduction of in series associations the configurations of photovoltaic cells. The low voltage generation requires DCDC converters devices with high efficiency, enabling raise and regulate the output voltage. This study analyzes the performance of a photovoltaic panel of Solarex, MSX model 77, configured to generate an open circuit voltage of 10.5 V, with load voltage of 8.5 V, with short circuit current of 9 A and a power of 77 W. The solar panel was assembled in the isolated photovoltaic system configuration, with and without energy storage as an interface with a DCDC converter, Booster topology. The converter was designed and fabricated using SMD (Surface Mounted Devices) technology IC (integrated circuit) that regulates its output voltage at 14.2 V, with an efficiency of 87% and providing the load a maximum power of 20.88 W. The system was installed and instrumented for measurement and acquisition of the following data: luminosities, average global radiation (data of INPE Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), solar panel and environment temperatures, solar panel and DC-DC converter output voltages, panel, inverter, and battery charge output currents. The photovoltaic system was initially tested in the laboratory (simulating its functioning in ideal conditions of operation) and then subjected to testing in real field conditions. The panel inclination angle was set at 5.5?, consistent with the latitude of Natal city. Factors such as climatic conditions (simultaneous variations of temperature, solar luminosities and ra diation on the panel), values of load resistance, lower limit of the maximum power required by the load (20.88 W) were predominant factors that panel does not operate with energy efficiency levels greater than 5 to 6%. The average converter efficiency designed in the field test reached 95% / Pain?is solares de baixa tens?o aumentam a confiabilidade dos pain?is solares, devido ? redu??o das associa??es em s?rie nas configura??es das c?lulas fotovoltaicas. A gera??o em baixa tens?o requer dispositivos conversores DC/DC de alto rendimento, que possibilitem elevar e regular a tens?o de sa?da. O presente estudo analisa o desempenho de um painel fotovoltaico da Solarex, modelo MSX 77, configurado para gerar uma tens?o em aberto de 10,5 V, tens?o com carga de 8,5 V, com uma corrente de curto-circuito de 9,0 A, e uma pot?ncia de 77 Watts. O painel solar foi montado na configura??o de sistema fotovoltaico isolado, com e sem armazenamento de energia tendo como elemento de interface um conversor DC-DC, topologia Booster. O conversor foi projetado e confeccionado com circuitos integrados de tecnologia Surface Mounted Devices (SMD), para regular tens?o de sa?da em 14,2V, com rendimento de 87 % , disponibilizando a carga uma pot?ncia m?xima de 20,88W. O sistema foi instalado e instrumentado para medi??o e aquisi??o dos seguintes dados: luminosidades, radia??es m?dias globais (dados do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)), temperaturas do painel solar, temperatura ambiente, tens?es de sa?da do painel solar, tens?o de sa?da do conversor DC-DC, correntes de sa?da do painel, do conversor, da carga e da bateria. O conjunto fotovoltaico foi inicialmente ensaiado em laborat?rio (simulando seu funcionamento em condi??es ideais de opera??o) e, em seguida, submetido a testes em condi??es reais de campo. O ?ngulo da inclina??o do painel foi fixado em 5,5?, compat?vel com a latitude da cidade de Natal. Fatores como condi??es clim?ticas (varia??es simult?neas de altas temperaturas e radia??es solares), valores da resist?ncia de carga, baixo limite da m?xima pot?ncia solicitada pela carga (20,88W) foram fatores predominantes para que painel n?o operasse com n?veis de efici?ncia energ?tica maiores que 5 ? 6 %. O rendimento m?dio do conversor projetado nos ensaios de campo alcan?ou 95 %

fator de potÃncia e recurso para operar com dois valores de tensÃo de entrada. O mesmo à aplicÃvel a sistemas ininterruptos de energia do tipo dupla conversÃo ou on-line com caracterÃsticas de tensÃo de entrada bivolt (110 Vca e 220 Vca) e desta maneira à descartada a utilizaÃÃo de um autotransformador com seletor de tensÃo. O conversor em estudo à composto por dois conversores CA-CC boost clÃssicos, em que, para uma tensÃo de entrada de 110 Vca as entradas sÃo conectadas em paralelo e para uma tensÃo de entrada de 220 Vca as entradas sÃo conectadas em sÃrie. A ideia à fazer com que se tenha uma divisÃo equilibrada na entrada de cada conversor quando a tensÃo da rede elÃtrica for 220 Vca. Assim cada conversor boost clÃssico recebe metade da tensÃo total de alimentaÃÃo do conversor proposto. A estratÃgia de controle à baseada no controle por modo corrente mÃdia aplicada a ambos os conversores para proporcionar a correÃÃo do fator de potÃncia e a regulaÃÃo da tensÃo de saÃda. Para verificar o estudo teÃrico foi desenvolvido o projeto do circuito de potÃncia e controle validando atravÃs de resultados de simulaÃÃo e experimentais para um protÃtipo de 2,4 kW. Para a conexÃo paralelo e sÃrie das entradas, os resultados obtidos foram satisfatÃrios e o conversor operou adequadamente. / This work presents a study of a Double Boost AC-DC Converter with power factor correction and dual input voltage operation capability via a selector switch. Such converter can be applied to on-line uninterruptible power supplies with dual voltage input characteristics, this way avoiding the usage of a low frequency autotransformer. The studied structure is composed by two AC-DC classical boost converters, in which for input voltage of 110 Vac both its inputs are connected in parallel, and, for 220 Vac, they are connected in series. The control strategy is based in the average current mode control applied to both converters, in order to provide the power factor correction and output voltage regulation. Simulation and experimental results for 2.4 kW are presented, and so are validate the theoretical study and design. Connecting the inputs in parallel and series, the results were satisfactory and the converter operated properly.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / This work presents the analysis, design example, simulations and experimental results on a soft-switching bidirectional isolated three-phase dc-dc converter using dual phase-shift control with variable duty cycle. The topology uses three single H-bridges in the primary side and a three-phase inverter in the secondary side. High-frequency isolation is ensured by using three single-phase transformers connected in open delta-wye configuration. The variation of both phase-shift (PS) angles between the H-bridge legs and/or primary and secondary sides allows controlling the power flow, while reduced reactive power flow is possible. The variable duty cycle is used to ensure a constant voltage bus and/or zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation. A detailed analysis is presented considering a model based on the fundamental components for the voltages and currents in the transformer and, aiming its validation, a second analysis from the operation stages of the converter has also been developed. Besides, the dynamic model of the converter, based on fundamental components and employing the gyrator theory has been developed. A design example with nominal values assumptions, stresses and specifications for components, discrete control system characterization and its FPGA programming are presented. Simulation and experimental results in steady state and closed-loop performance are presented and discussed to validate the proposed approach. / Este trabalho apresenta a anÃlise, exemplo de projeto, simulaÃÃes e resultados experimentais de um conversor CC-CC trifÃsico isolado bidirecional com comutaÃÃo suave, dual phase shift (DPS) e razÃo cÃclica variÃvel. A topologia utiliza trÃs pontes H monofÃsicas no lado primÃrio e um inversor trifÃsico no lado secundÃrio. A isolaÃÃo em alta frequÃncia à garantida utilizando-se trÃs transformadores monofÃsicos conectados em uma configuraÃÃo delta aberto/estrela. A variaÃÃo de ambos os Ãngulos de deslocamento de fase, entre os braÃos de uma ponte H e/ou entre os lados primÃrio e secundÃrio, permitem o controle do fluxo de potÃncia. Esta flexibilidade garante a obtenÃÃo de um baixo conteÃdo reativo na anÃlise de projeto da topologia. A razÃo cÃclica variÃvel à utilizada para assegurar um barramento constante e uma operaÃÃo dos interruptores com comutaÃÃo suave. Uma anÃlise matemÃtica da estrutura à apresentada considerando um modelo baseado em componentes fundamentais e, com o propÃsito de comprovar a validade deste modelo, uma segunda anÃlise a partir das etapas de operaÃÃo do conversor tambÃm foi desenvolvida. O modelo dinÃmico do conversor, baseado nas componentes fundamentais, tambÃm foi concebido com auxÃlio da teoria do gyrator. Um exemplo de projeto, com a obtenÃÃo de valores nominais, esforÃos e especificaÃÃes dos componentes, caracterizaÃÃo do sistema de controle discreto e sua programaÃÃo atravÃs de FPGA sÃo desenvolvidos. SimulaÃÃes e resultados experimentais do conversor operando em regime permanente e dinÃmico sÃo apresentados para validar o modelo proposto.

Este trabalho, constitui-se em uma contribuição para o estudo das estratégias de mo-dulação direta baseadas em histerese e que funcionam em frequência fixa de comutação. Tem como objetivo principal propor a estratégia delta modificada, que diferencia-se na forma de ajuste da largura de banda de histerese, alterando-se seus limites e em como executa o comando de bloqueio das chaves de potência, para que a corrente de saída se mantenha em frequência fixa de operação e apresente rápida resposta dinâmica no sistema controlado. Para tanto, não necessita da utilização de derivadas, nem de uma corrente média de referência, tão pouco, se utiliza dos tempos de comutação. A estratégia proposta, comprova que é possível produzir os adequados pulsos de comando para o processamento da energia proveniente de célula combustível, através do conversor estático de potência, utilizando-se, principalmente, dos valores de ultrapassagem nos limites estabelecidos de histerese. Como objetivo secundário desta pesquisa, desenvolve-se um conversor CC/CC auxiliar para adaptar e estabilizar a energia proveniente da CAC, compondo-se um sistema útil que serve de base para fornecer energia, aos mais diversos tipos de cargas em CC. Além disso, apresenta-se uma revisão das estratégias de modulação em modo direto para o controle da corrente de saída no conversor estático, tendo como base a tensão nos terminais de um indutor. Contudo, outras estratégias são naturalmente citadas, no transcorrer deste trabalho, devido haver combinações entre as diferentes estratégias moduladoras e controladoras comentadas. / This work, is a contribution to the study of direct modulation strategies based on hysteresis and that operate at fixed switching frequency. Its main objective is to propose the modified delta strategy, which differentiates from the others strategies in the form of adjustment of hysteresis bandwidth, changing its limits and in executing the locking command of the power keys, so that the output current is maintain at fixed frequency of operation and a rapid dynamic response in the controlled system. In order to do so, it does not require the use of derivatives or a reference average current and also the switching times are not used. This strategy shows that it is possible to produce the appropriate command pulses for the processing of fuel cell energy by the static power converter using mainly the exceedance limit values. As a secondary objective of this research, an auxiliary DC/DC converter is developed to adapt and stabilize the energy coming from the fuel cell, forming a useful system that serves as a base to supply power to the most diverse types of DC loads. In addition, we present a review of the direct-mode modulation strategies for the control of the output current in the static converter, updating data, and based on the voltage at the terminals of an inductor; how-ever, others strategies are naturally cited because there are combinations between the different modulating strategies and controllers commented on in the course of this work.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-12T19:03:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 pedrodeassissobreirajunior.pdf: 1664123 bytes, checksum: ae5400f0030a2d345dee7ce28cd98b69 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-13T12:50:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pedrodeassissobreirajunior.pdf: 1664123 bytes, checksum: ae5400f0030a2d345dee7ce28cd98b69 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T12:50:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pedrodeassissobreirajunior.pdf: 1664123 bytes, checksum: ae5400f0030a2d345dee7ce28cd98b69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-09 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho apresenta o estudo e avaliação experimental do controle de uma topologia de conversor CC-CC boost entrelaçado aplicado em sistemas de geração solar fotovoltaica. A análise comparativa das duas principais técnicas de rastreamento de máxima potência possibilitou elucidar se o método de controle por tensão ou corrente terminal do painel solar fotovoltaico apresentam diferença significativa na eficiência do processo de conversão de energia solar em eletricidade. A estrutura de conversor elevador de tensão entrelaçado possibilita mitigar o efeito do sombreamento parcial em arranjos fotovoltaicos, reduzir o dimensionamento dos elementos passivos e prover rápida resposta transitória. Resultados de simulação e experimentais usando um Controlador Digital de Sinais comprovam o potencial da estrutura estudada para o condicionamento de energia em arranjos solares fotovoltaicos. / This work presents the study and experimental evaluation of the control of an interleaved boost DC-DC converter topology used in solar photovoltaic generation systems. The comparative analysis of two major techniques for tracking maximum power point allowed to elucidate whether the method of control by terminal photovoltaic voltage or current show significant difference in the efficiency of converting solar energy into electricity. The boost interleaved converter allows mitigating the effect of partial shading on photovoltaic arrays, reducing sizing of passive elements and providing fast transient response. Simulation and experimental results using a Digital Signal Controller demonstrate the potential of the studied structure for power conditioning in photovoltaic solar arrays.

Les Piles à Combustible Microbiennes (PCMs) mettent en œuvre le métabolisme de micro-organismes et utilisent de la matière organique pour générer de l’énergie électrique. Les applications potentielles incluent le traitement de l’eau autonome en énergie, les bio-batteries, et le grappillage d’énergie ambiante. Les PCMs sont des équipements basse-tension et basse-puissance dont le comportement est influencé par la vitesse à laquelle l’énergie électrique est récupérée. Dans cette thèse, on étudie des méthodes pour récupérer l’énergie électrique de façon efficace. La tension à laquelle l’énergie est récupérée des PCMs influence leur fonctionnement et leurs performances électriques. La puissance délivrée est maximum pour une tension spécifique (environ 1/3 de la tension en circuit-ouvert). Les PCMs peuvent être testées à ce point en utilisant une charge contrôlée automatiquement qui inclut un algorithme de recherche de puissance maximale. Un tel outil a été utilisé pour évaluer la puissance maximum, la vitesse de consommation du combustible, le rendement Coulombic et le rendement de conversion de 10 PCMs à chambre unique de 1.3 L construites de façon similaire. Bien que d’autres choix structurels et opératoires peuvent permettre d’améliorer ces performances, ces résultats ont étudié pour la première fois les performances des PCMs en condition de production d’énergie de point de puissance maximal et testé les PCMs avec des conditions de récupération d’énergie réalistes. Récupérer un maximum d’énergie des PCMs est la ligne directrice de ce rapport. C’est rendu possible par des circuits dédiés de gestion de l’énergie qui embarquent un contrôle contre-réactif pour réguler la tension des PCMs à une valeur de référence qui est égale à une fraction de leur tension en circuit ouvert. Deux scénarios typiques sont développés dans la suite. Une application critique des PCMs concerne le grappillage autonome de petites énergies, pour alimenter des équipements électroniques basse-puissance (e.g. capteurs sans fil). Dans ce cas, les contraintes basse-puissance et basse-tension imposées par les PCMs nécessitent des fonctionnalités de démarrage autonomes. L’oscillateur d’Armstrong, composé d’inductances couplées à fort rapport d’enroulement et d’un interrupteur normalement-fermé permet d’élever des tensions de façon autonome à partir de sources basse-tension continue comme les PCMs. Ce circuit a été associé à des convertisseurs d’électronique de puissance AC/DC et DC/DC pour réaliser respectivement un élévateur-de-tension et une unité de gestion de l’énergie (UGE) auto-démarrante basée sur une architecture flyback. La première est adaptée pour les puissances inférieures à 1mW, alors que la seconde peut être dimensionnée pour des niveaux de puissance de quelques mW et permet de mettre en œuvre une commande qui recherche le point de puissance maximale du générateur. Une seconde application d’intérêt concerne le cas où de l’énergie est récupérée depuis plusieurs PCMs. L’association série peut être utilisée pour élever la tension de sortie mais elle peut avoir des conséquences négatives en terme de performances à cause des non-uniformités entre cellules. Cet aspect peut être résolu avec des circuits d’équilibrage de tension. Trois de ces circuits ont été analysés et évalués. Le circuit “complete disconnection” déconnecte une cellule défectueuse de l’association pour s’assurer qu’elle ne diminue pas le rendement global. Le circuit “switched-capacitor” transfère de l’énergie depuis les MFCs fortes vers les faibles pour équilibrer les tensions de toutes les cellules de l’association. Le circuit “switched-MFCs” connecte les PCMs en parallèle et en série de façon alternée. Chacune des trois méthodes peut être mise en œuvre à bas prix et à haut rendement, la plus efficace étant la “switchedcapacitor”qui permet de récupérer plus de 85% de la puissance maximum idéale d’une association très largement non uniforme. / Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) harness the metabolism of micro-organisms and utilize organic matter to generate electrical energy. They are interesting because they accept a wide range of organic matter as a fuel. Potential applications include autonomous wastewater treatment, bio-batteries, and ambient energy scavenging. MFCs are low-voltage, low-power devices that are influenced by the rate at which electrical energy is harvested at their output. In this thesis, we study methods to harvest electrical energy efficiently. The voltage at which energy is harvested from MFCs influences their operation and electrical performance. The output power is maximum for a certain voltage value (approx. 1/3rd the open-circuit voltage). This noteworthy operating point is favorable in some applications where MFCs are used as a power supply. MFCs can be tested at this point using an automatic load adjuster which includes a maximum power point tracking algorithm. Such a tool was used to evaluate the maximum power, the fuel consumption rate, the Coulombic efficiency and the energy conversion efficiency of ten similarly built 1.3 L single-chamber MFCs. Although structural and operating condition choices will lead to improved performance, these results investigate for the first time the performance of MFCs in continuous maximum power point condition and characterize MFCs in realistic energy harvesting conditions. Harvesting energy at maximum power point is the main thread of the manuscript. This is made possible with dedicated energy processing circuits embedding control feedback to regulate the MFC voltage to a fraction of its open-circuit voltage. Two typical scenarios are developed as outlined below. One critical application concerns autonomous low-power energy scavenging, to supply remote low-power electronic devices (e.g. wireless sensors). In this case, the low-power and low-voltage constraints imposed by MFCs require dedicated self start-up features. The Armstrong oscillator, composed of high turn-ratio coupled inductors and of a normally-on switch, permits to autonomously step-up voltages from a low DC source like MFCs. Although the circuit requires few components, its operation is not trivial because it partly relies on the parasitic elements of the inductors and the switch. Proper sizing of the inductors enables an optimized operation. This circuit can be associated with power electronic AC/DCand DC/DC converters to realize a voltage-lifter and a fly back-based self-starting Power Management Unit (PMU) respectively. The former is suitable for powering levels below 1mW, while the latter can be scaled for power levels of a few units of mW and facilitates implementation of maximum power point control. A second application of interest concerns the case where energy is harvested from several MFCs.Serial association can be used to step-up voltage but may lead to detrimental consequences in terms of performances because of hydraulic couplings between MFCs sharing the same electrolyte (e.g. if the MFCs are running in continuous flow) or because of electrical non-uniformities between cells. Whereas the former issue can be addressed with galvanically insulated PMUs, the latter can be solved with voltagebalancing circuits. Three of these latter circuits were analyzed and evaluated. The “complete disconnection” circuit isolates a faulty cell from the configuration to ensure it does not impede the overall efficiency. The “switched-capacitor” circuit transfers energy from the strong to the weak MFCs to equilibrate the voltages of the individual cells in the stack. The “switched-MFC” circuit alternatively connects MFCs in parallel and in series. Each of the three methods can be implemented at low-cost and at high efficiency, the most efficient one being the “switched-capacitor”, that permits to harvest more that 85% of the ideal maximum energy of a strongly-non-uniform MFC association.

Ce mémoire présente une solution de conversion d’énergie permettant de couplerdeux sources de tension électrique similaire à dimensionnement réduit. Appliqué à un système de stockage hybridé puissance/énergie pour véhicule électrique, cette solution présente un compromis de coût de production, de masse et de rendement énergétique meilleur que celui des hacheurs classiques. Nous proposons en réponse à cette problématique l’utilisation d’une source de courant contrôlée placée en série avec les deux sources de tension pour réaliser leur couplage. Une structure de convertisseur permettant ce couplage est étudiée, puis comparée à une structure classique, et enfin réalisée au travers d’un démonstrateur à échelle de tension réduite afin de mettre en évidence ses avantages et inconvénients / This thesis deals with the development of a power conversion solution, allowing for the coupling of two similar voltage sources. Applied to a combined battery storage sys-tem power/energy for electric vehicles, the proposed solution presents a compromise between production costs, mass and energy performance, providing a better solution than those currently in existence. As such, the two voltage sources are coupled in series with a controlled current source. A structure of the converter allowing the coupling is studied and compared to a classic structure. Finally a demonstrator on a reduced voltage scale has been realized and shows advantages of this converter solution.

Le sujet de thèse abordé dans ce mémoire s'inscrit dans la thématique du LE²P sur l'autonomie énergétique des réseaux de capteurs. Ce travail est axé sur la partie réception et redressement du transfert de l'énergie sans fil pour l'apport d'énergie à des capteurs nomades. Ce procédé n'est pas nouveau et prend son origine dans les années 1950. Les connaissances dans l'appréhension de ce processus sont nombreuses pour certains guides d'onde tels que le microruban. Mais la nécessité de perçages dans ces structures de guide d'onde peut être contraignante et causer des disparités dans une chaîne de construction. Ceci a motivé les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire qui utilise une technologie de guide d'onde coplanaire (CPW) peu exploitée. Ainsi, la conception d'un tel dispositif passe par la maîtrise d'un point de vue conceptuel et expérimental de cette technologie. La démarche consiste à utiliser ce guide d'onde coplanaire en minimisant les effets négatifs que peut engendrer ce dernier, pour s'abroger du besoin de perçage et faciliter la réalisation des dispositifs de redressement en limitant le nombre d'interactions humaines. / The thesis subject dealt in this report lies in the LE²P framework on the energy sustainability of wireless sensor network. This work is dedicated to the reception and rectifying part of wireless power transfer to give energy sustainability to nodes in a sensor network. This process is not new and originate from the years 1950. The behavior of this process is since well-known in several waveguide such technology as microstrip. But the need of drill in those waveguide circuit may be inconvenient and lead to discrepancy from one circuit to another. This was the motivational keystone to the work address in this report which uses coplanar waveguide (CPW) over microstrip. The conception of such devices goes through a good conceptual and experimental understanding of the waveguide technology. The approach in this document consists of using coplanar waveguide while minimizing its drawbacks, in order to avoid drilling in the substrate and ease the realization of the rectifying part by limiting the human interaction.

L'objectif des travaux présentés dans cette thèse est d'apporter une contribution à l'étude d'un système photovoltaïque fonctionnant à sa puissance maximale et énergétiquement autonome. Le cas étudié, dans cette thèse, concerne la commande d'une chaine de pompage photovoltaïque dans un site isolé. Dans ce sens, et pour que le système photovoltaïque fonctionne à sa puissance maximale, il doit comporter un étage d'adaptation associé à un algorithme MPPT. Dans notre étude, nous avons utilisé deux algorithmes MPPT, l'algorithme “Perturb and Observe” (P&O) puis l'algorithme “ Increment of Conductance” (IncCond). Dans quelques applications industrielles, il est parfois nécessaire de maintenir la tension délivrée par le système photovoltaïque constante. Pour cela, un système de contrôle de cette tension est présenté. Les méthodes utilisées pour la simulation de ce système sont basées sur l'utilisation d'un régulateur PID, puis sur le contrôle par mode glissant, et enfin sur un contrôleur par logique floue. Ce système est testé pour une charge résistive puis pour le cas d'une pompe centrifuge entrainée par un moteur à courant continu à aimant permanent. Ensuite, nous avons étudié le cas d'une chaine de pompage utilisant un moteur asynchrone triphasé comme moteur d'entrainement. Dans le but d'avoir la possibilité de régler le débit d'eau, et en se basant sur la caractéristique de proportionnalité entre la vitesse et le débit, la méthode de contrôle direct du couple, Direct Torque Control - DTC est utilisée pour la commande de la vitesse du moteur asynchrone. / The aim of the work presented in this thesis is to contribute to the study of a photovoltaic system operating at its maximum power and energetically autonomous. The case studied in this thesis relates to the control of a chain of photovoltaic pumping in an isolated site. In this sense and for the PV system operates at its maximum power, it must include a converter associated with a MPPT algorithm. In our study, we used two MPPT algorithms, the algorithm “Perturb and Observe” (P & O), then the algorithm “Increment of Conductance” (IncCond). In some industrial applications, it is sometimes necessary to maintain the voltage delivered by the PV system constant. For this, a control system of this voltage is presented. The methods used for the simulation of this system are based on the use of a PID controller and the sliding mode control, and finally a fuzzy logic controller. This system was tested for a resistive load then for the case of a centrifugal pump driven by a permanent magnetic DC motor. Then we studied the case of a pumping chain using a three-phase induction motor as a drive motor. In order to be able to regulate the flow of water, the Direct Torque Control method “DTC” is used to control the speed of the induction motor because it is proportional with the water flow.