Dans les établissements de santé, la stérilisation des dispositifs médicaux occupe une place primordiale dans la lutte contre l'infection. On appelle dispositif médical un instrument de chirurgie ou d'exploration utilisé lors d'une intervention ou d'un examen. Dans cette thèse nous étudions et proposons des améliorations de l'organisation de la production de dispositifs médicaux stériles en appliquant au milieu hospitalier des méthodes habituellement utilisées pour évaluer et améliorer les performances de systèmes de production industriels. Nous avons construit un modèle de simulation spécifique représentant le service de stérilisation du Centre Hospitalier Privé Saint Martin de Caen. Nous montrons les améliorations que nous avons pu obtenir en modifiant certains points de l'organisation. Par la suite nous avons cherché à dégager les spécificités des services de stérilisation de plusieurs établissements hospitaliers, dans le but d'effectuer une comparaison des différents types d'organisation et d'identifier les services les plus performants. Cette comparaison, réalisée à partir de données issues d'une enquête menée auprès d'établissements de la région Rhône-Alpes, repose sur des ratios de comparaison, sur la méthode DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) et sur un modèle générique de simulation que nous avons élaboré. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons également des pistes pour analyser un service de stérilisation générique en utilisant des méthodes analytiques stochastiques. Nous commençons par dresser un état de l'art sur l'utilisation de modèles stochastiques analytiques pour l'analyse de systèmes de production de soins, puis nous étudions la possibilité d'utiliser une méthode analytique pour analyser notre modèle générique d'un service de stérilisation. Une modélisation par réseau de files d'attente du modèle générique est enfin présentée.

隨著中國大陸2001年加入世界貿易組織逐步開放金融服務業以來，外資銀行無不爭先進入這個僅次於美國的第二經濟體搶食大餅，但外資銀行盈利表現仍較本土陸銀遜色，究其原因主要乃是外資銀行通路不若陸銀普遍。台灣自2010年與中國大陸簽訂《海峽兩岸經濟合作框架協議》以來，至2013年6月底止台資銀行已有10家在陸設分行，為加速台資在陸布局，解決據點不足之問題，以參股之形態將可快速獲得陸銀已普設據點及深耕原有客戶之好處。 在承作業務限制、營運風險以及持股比例等因素考量下，本文以城市商業銀行作為研究對象，試圖探究城市商業銀行經營績效之影響因素，以作為台資銀行參股陸資銀行之參考。本研究蒐集2006年至2011年中國大陸地區城市商業銀行相關財務資料，共計398個樣本，先以資料包絡分析法求得各城市商業銀行效率，再以Tobit模型進一步分析影響其效率之因素為何。實證發現，地方首長任期年數、資產規模、權益資產比及地方生產總值皆對城市商業銀行經營效率有顯著正向的影響。而壞帳率則對城市商業銀行之經營績效有顯著的負向影響。 另外我們亦加入了城市商業銀行所在地區及時間二個虛擬變數，發現位處沿海地區亦較內陸地區經營績效為高，而在2006年至2011年之觀察期中，城市商業銀行經營效率有相較於前一年，越來越低之趨勢。 / Since China has joined the World Trade Organization and has opened financial market from 2001, foreign banks strive to enter the second largest economic system. However, the performance of foreign banks is not as well as China’s banks because service network of foreign banks in China is not widespread. Investing China’s local banks directly becomes the most efficient method to get service network rapidly and serve local customers deeply. This research seeks determinants of performance efficiency of China’s city commercial banks and to be an useful reference of investing China’s banks for Taiwan. The research collects relative financial data of China’s city commercial banks from 2006 to 2011, including 398 samples. In addition, it uses DEA to get efficiency of every city commercial banks, and then analyzes what the determinants are through Tobit model. Evidence shows that governor’s tenure, scale of asset, equity-asset ratio, and GDP all have positive effect on performance efficiency of China’s city commercial banks; however, bad debt ratio has obviously negative effect on the performance efficiency of China’s city commercial banks. Moreover, we find that the offshore banks are normally inefficient than inbound banks. In addition, during 2006 to 2011 the efficiency of China’s city commercial banks show a descending trend.

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectroscopy is used in the characterization of synthetic polymers. MALDI allows for determination of: modal, most probable peak (M P), molecular number average (MN), molecular weight average (MW), polydispersity (PD), and polymer spread (PSP). We evaluate a new sample preparation method using Induction Based Fluidics (IBF) to kinetically launch and direct nanoliter volumes to a target without contact. IBF offers signal improvement via field enhanced crystallization. This is the first study to discuss filed enhanced crystallization in MALDI sample preparation. IBF can increase signal/noise (S/N) and signal intensity for polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) across a mass range of 2,500 to 92,000 Da showing more accurate PSP. Increases in S/N range up to: 279% for PS, 140% for PMMA, and 660% for PEG. Signal intensities increased up to: 438% for PS, 115% for PMMA, and 166% for PEG. Cross-polarization microscopy indicates dramatic morphology differences between IBF and micropipette. Finally, we speculate as to why IBF nanoliter depositions afford higher S/N values in experiments conducted in different instrumental configurations even without optimization. Next we sought to investigate whether nanoliter volumes of concentrated polar liquids and organic monomers launched to targets using IBF can be verified through the real time charge measurements. We show that using a nanoliter IBF dispensing device and nanocoulomb meter, charge measurements made on nanoliter drops in real time are correlated with the droplets surface area following Gauss’s Law. We infer the "induction only" formation of the double layer showing the ability to determine nanoliter volumes, nearly instantaneously, in real time. Implications are presented from these IBF measurement observations on improving/monitoring MALDI quantitation and its quality control. Polymer-dye interactions were further investigated using PMMA composites made from a polar metalloporphyrin [5-(4',4',5',5'-tetramethyl[1',3',2']dioxaborolan-2'-yl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrinato]zinc(II) (Zn(II)Bpin-DPP) in select weight %s (wt%s). Fluorescence spectroscopy has revealed that the porphyrin was well dispersed within the composite. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed that porphyrin acted as an antiplasticizer raising the glass transition (Tg) from 105 °C to 123 °C. Dielectric Analysis (DEA) was performed in the frequency range of 0.3 Hz to 100 kHz between -150 to 270 ⁰C. Permittivity (ε’), loss factor (ε’’) and dielectric response of beta (β), alpha beta (αβ), and conductivity relaxations were studied. Previous DEA data was limited to 190 ⁰C. This study brings analysis to 270 ⁰C which is start point for the first part of PMMA degradation. Thus forwarding DEA can be used to evaluate PMMA degradation. The electric modulus formalism is used to reveal the β and conductivity relaxations. The apparent activation energies (Ea) for the molecular relaxations are presented. AC (ζAC) and DC (ζDC) conductivity are also evaluated. Tan delta (δ), dissipation factor, evaluated between 1 Hz to 100 kHz was shown to increase with porphyrin loading although locally affected by free volume restriction. Havriliak-Negami (H-N) equation was fit using the complex electric modulus (M*) modified form and was performed on the conductivity region 160 to 190 ⁰C and degradation region 190 to 270 °C. Relaxations above the Tg were proven to be conductivity relaxations using four proofs. This is the first study to investigate PMMA degradation DEA with the complex electric modulus, M*, revealing a unique occurrence of increasing central relaxation times (s-1) and reducing electric loss modulus (M") frequency maxima (Hz) after the degradation temperature of 220 ⁰C was reached supporting current literature of the first of a two part degradation process that proceeds via end chain scission.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία εκπονήθηκε στα πλαίσια του μεταπτυχιακού προγράμματος MBA «Νέες αρχές Διοίκησης Επιχειρήσεων» του τμήματος Διοίκησης Επιχειρήσεων του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών, κατά το έτος 2013. Αντικείμενο της εργασίας είναι η παρουσίαση μιας μεθοδολογίας που μπορεί να αξιοποιηθεί για τον σχεδιασμό καλύτερων υπηρεσιών. Η εφαρμογή πραγματοποιείται για την διερεύνηση της αποδοτικότητας των υπηρεσιών μιας τράπεζας. Για τον σκοπό αυτό χρησιμοποιήθηκαν προκαθορισμένα κριτήρια (πρόταση από φίλο, φήμη, έξοδα λογαριασμών, τοποθεσία, επιτόκια δανείων, πάρκινγκ, πιστωτική πολιτική) τα οποία διαδραματίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στην απόφαση των πελατών για την τράπεζα που θα επιλέξουν. Τα κριτήρια αυτά εξετάζονται ξεχωριστά για κάθε τμήμα της τραπεζικής αγοράς (στεγαστικά δάνεια, καταναλωτικά δάνεια, πιστωτικές κάρτες, άλλα δάνεια, λογαριασμοί ταμιευτηρίου, λογαριασμοί προθεσμιακών καταθέσεων και μερίδια αμοιβαίων κεφαλαίων) και υπολογίζονται οι συντελεστές στάθμισης που αντιστοιχούν στο καθένα. Οι συντελεστές αυτοί, έχουν ιδιαίτερη αξία για τα στελέχη της τράπεζας γιατί δείχνουν την αξία που έχει κάθε κριτήριο για τον πελάτη. Με αυτό τον τρόπο, τα στελέχη έχουν την δυνατότητα να σχεδιάσουν τις τραπεζικές υπηρεσίες δίνοντας μεγαλύτερη έμφαση στα κριτήρια με τη μεγαλύτερη βαρύτητα έτσι ώστε να επιτυγχάνεται καλύτερη ικανοποίηση των αναγκών των πελατών. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, στην παρούσα εργασία μελετάται η περίπτωση μιας ελληνικής τράπεζας, που κατέχει υψηλό μερίδιο αγοράς και για καθεμία από τις υπηρεσίες της υπολογίζονται οι συντελεστές στάθμισης. Η τράπεζα αυτή αναφέρεται ως Τράπεζα Χ στην υπόλοιπη εργασία για ευνόητους λόγους. Η επίλυση του προβλήματος πραγματοποιείται με δύο τρόπους: 1) με την χρήση της μεθοδολογίας AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) σε συνδυασμό με τη μέθοδο QFD (Quality Function Deployment) για την συμπλήρωση του πίνακα HOQ (House of Quality) και 2) την χρήση της μεθοδολογίας DEAHP (Data Envelopment Analytic Hierarchy Process) σε συνδυασμό με το QFD για την συμπλήρωση του HOQ. Τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας μελέτης δείχνουν ότι και στις δύο μεθοδολογίες η κατάταξη των κριτηρίων βάσει των προτιμήσεων των πελατών είναι σχεδόν η ίδια. Συγκεκριμένα, τα δύο πρώτα κριτήρια στα οποία οι πελάτες δίνουν μεγαλύτερη βαρύτητα είναι τα έξοδα λογαριασμών και τα επιτόκια δανείων. Ακολουθούν τα κριτήρια φήμη, πρόταση από φίλο, πάρκινγκ κατά φθίνουσα σειρά κατάταξης και τελευταία είναι τα κριτήρια τοποθεσία και πιστωτική πολιτική. Ωστόσο, οι συντελεστές βαρύτητας των κριτηρίων που υπολογίστηκαν είναι διαφορετικοί στο συνδυασμό των μεθοδολογιών QFD-AHP σε σχέση με QFD-DEAHP. Αυτό συμβαίνει λόγω των διαφορετικών τρόπων επίλυσης και διαφορετικών υποθέσεων που χρησιμοποιούνται σε καθεμία μεθοδολογία. / This study was conducted at the Department of the Postgraduate program “New principles of Business Administration” in department of Business Administration of the University of Patras. The objective of this study is to present a methodology which can be used to design better services. This methodology is applied in order to investigate the efficiency of the services of a bank. For this purpose we used pre-defined criteria (recommendation by friends, reputation, expense accounts, location, interest charges on loans, parking, credit policy) which play an important role when the customers select a bank. These criteria are examined separately for each segment for the banking market (housing loans, consumer loans, credit cards, other loans, direct access deposits, time deposit accounts, matual funds shares) and we calculate the relative weight of each criterion. The relative weights above are important for the bank executives because they show the impact of each criterion in the opinion of customers. In this way, executives are able to design their banking services placing emphasis on the criteria with the highest preference in order to satisfy customer needs. Specifically, in this study we examine the case of a Greek bank with high market share and we calculate the weights for each service of the bank. This bank is called Bank X in the remaining study for obvious reasons. The problem was solved with two different ways: 1) by using the combination of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) with QFD (Quality Function Deployment) methodology in order to complete the matrix of HOQ (House of Quality) and 2) by using DEAHP (Data Envelopment Analytic Hierarchy Process) methodology and QFD in order to complete the HOQ. The results of this study show that the ranking of bank selection criteria is almost the same for both methodologies. Specifically the first two criteria which customers seems to prefer are the expenses accounts and interest charges on loans. The rest of criteria are reputation, recommendation by friends, parking in descending order of priority and finally are the criteria location and credit policy. However, the weights which calculated for each criterion are different in combination of methodologies QFD-AHP compared with QFD-DEAHP. This happens because of the different ways of solving and different assumptions which are used in each methodology.

The purpose of my research is to contribute to the field of forecasting from a methodological perspective as well as to the field of crude oil as an application area to test the performance of my methodological contributions and assess their merits. In sum, two main methodological contributions are presented. The first contribution consists of proposing a mathematical programming based approach, commonly referred to as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), as a multidimensional framework for relative performance evaluation of competing forecasting models or methods. As opposed to other performance measurement and evaluation frameworks, DEA allows one to identify the weaknesses of each model, as compared to the best one(s), and suggests ways to improve their overall performance. DEA is a generic framework and as such its implementation for a specific relative performance evaluation exercise requires a number of decisions to be made such as the choice of the units to be assessed, the choice of the relevant inputs and outputs to be used, and the choice of the appropriate models. In order to present and discuss how one might adapt this framework to measure and evaluate the relative performance of competing forecasting models, we first survey and classify the literature on performance criteria and their measures – including statistical tests – commonly used in evaluating and selecting forecasting models or methods. In sum, our classification will serve as a basis for the operationalisation of DEA. Finally, we test DEA performance in evaluating and selecting models to forecast crude oil prices. The second contribution consists of proposing a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) based approach as a multidimensional framework for relative performance evaluation of the competing forecasting models or methods. In order to present and discuss how one might adapt such framework, we first revisit MCDA methodology, propose a revised methodological framework that consists of a sequential decision making process with feedback adjustment mechanisms, and provide guidelines as to how to operationalise it. Finally, we adapt such a methodological framework to address the problem of performance evaluation of competing forecasting models. For illustration purposes, we have chosen the forecasting of crude oil prices as an application area.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία μελετά την επίδραση του κόστους περιστολής της ρύπανσης σε συγκεκριμένους κλάδους της ελληνικής βιομηχανίας, την χρονική περίοδο 1993-2006, στην παραγωγικότητά τους. Από θεωρητικής πλευράς εστιάζει στις αντικρουόμενες προσεγγίσεις της win-win υπόθεσης του Porter (1990,1991) και των Porter and Van der Linde (1995) με την νεοκλασική θεωρία, που είχε ως κύριους εκφραστές τους Jaffe και Palmer (1995,1997). Η μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση που ακολουθείται στηρίζεται στην μη παραμετρική μέθοδο της DEA με στόχο την εκτίμηση δεικτών παραγωγικότητας Malmquist (Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index). Για την μελέτη της επίδρασης του κόστους περιστολής της ρύπανσης σε κλάδους της Ελληνικής βιομηχανίας ακολουθήθηκε η μεθοδολογία που αναπτύχθηκε απο τους Aiken et al., (2009) για τον διαχωρισμό και υπολογισμό μεταξύ regulated-unregulated συναρτήσεων ορίων παραγωγής. Στην εμπειρική εφαρμογή της μελέτης χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δεδομένα απο την ετήσια έρευνα βιομηχανίας της Ελληνικής Στατιστικής Υπηρεσίας σε 23 βιομηχανικούς κλάδους, σύμφωνα με την κωδικοποίηση ΣΤΑΚΟΔ 2003, και παρατηρείται συνολικά επουσιώδης αρνητική επίδραση τους κόστους περιστολής των ρύπων στην παραγωγικότητα. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, κλάδοι με υψηλή ενεργειακή ένταση φαίνεται να εμφανίζουν μηδενική επίδραση των περιβαλλοντικών δαπανών στην παραγωγικότητά τους με μοναδική εξαίρεση του κλάδου των ορυκτών-μετάλλων. / The passage of environmental regulation has been associated with a potential negative or positive effect on firm’s productivity. The present study studies the effect of pollution abatement activities on the productive efficiency of polluting industries in Greece over the period 1993-2006. A methodological approach based on Aiken et al., (2009) study have been developed in order to specify regulated and unregulated production frontiers and to determine the possible link between pollution abatement activities and sector’s productivity growth. Data derived form the Hellenic Statistical Authority has been used in order to estimate the possible association. Our results indicate, for the majority of the manufacturing industries, that increased rates of productivity growth have been simultaneously experienced with decreased rates of pollution abatement.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-22T20:29:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnneEmiliaCostaCarvalho_TESE.pdf: 3379749 bytes, checksum: 9cca5d6710d5607cf545e0d729f057e2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-23T20:53:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnneEmiliaCostaCarvalho_TESE.pdf: 3379749 bytes, checksum: 9cca5d6710d5607cf545e0d729f057e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-23T20:53:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnneEmiliaCostaCarvalho_TESE.pdf: 3379749 bytes, checksum: 9cca5d6710d5607cf545e0d729f057e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-07 / No Brasil, alguns dos problemas cr?ticos do setor de saneamento b?sico s?o o relevante d?ficit de acesso aos servi?os de abastecimento de ?gua e esgotamento sanit?rio, a dificuldade dos prestadores de servi?os de ?gua e esgoto (PSAEs) de executarem investimentos e a presen?a de inefici?ncias de opera??o e manuten??o. Como alternativa para superar essas quest?es, o novo marco regulat?rio, institu?do em 2007, fortaleceu a regula??o e estabeleceu, entre seus objetivos regulat?rios, a universaliza??o do acesso e a efici?ncia dos sistemas. Nesse sentido, a presente tese busca analisar o impacto da regula??o sobre a efici?ncia dos PSAEs no Brasil. Para tanto, foi configurado um modelo de an?lise envolt?ria de dados (DEA), in?dito para o setor, que permite a avalia??o da efici?ncia din?mica global e das estruturas internas dos PSAEs, por meio de uma rede composta por 3 divis?es interligadas para refletir os objetivos regulat?rios: 1) Expans?o/Melhoria de Sistemas de Abastecimento de ?gua (SAA); 2) Expans?o/Melhoria de Sistemas de Esgotamento Sanit?rio (SES); e 3) Opera??o/Manuten??o de SAA e SES. Aplicou-se o modelo DEA Network Din?mico para 156 PSAEs, no per?odo de 2006 a 2015, e os resultados indicaram baixos n?veis de efici?ncia global. A divis?o de Expans?o/Melhoria de SAA obteve os melhores escores m?dios de efici?ncia, seguida pela divis?o de Opera??o/Manuten??o de SAA e SES e pela divis?o de Expans?o/Melhoria de SES. Os PSAEs regulados apresentaram melhores m?dias de efici?ncia no caso das divis?es de Expans?o/Melhoria de SAA e Opera??o/Manuten??o de SAA e SES. Na segunda etapa da pesquisa, uma an?lise de conte?do das normas de 52 reguladores identificou a presen?a de incentivos regulat?rios em seis categorias tem?ticas propostas: 1) Regime tarif?rio; 2) Atualiza??o de n?veis tarif?rios; 3) Expans?o e melhoria dos sistemas; 4) Condi??es gerais e qualidade da presta??o dos servi?os; 5) Gest?o empresarial; e 6) Transpar?ncia e responsabiliza??o. A an?lise destas categorias de incentivos revelou mudan?as na forma de atua??o dos reguladores ao longo do tempo e apontou fragilidades, como a baixa utiliza??o de metas regulat?rias e mecanismos tarif?rios de indu??o ? efici?ncia. A identifica??o de incentivos regulat?rios tamb?m permitiu a constru??o de um conjunto de vari?veis representativas da regula??o, que foram aplicadas nos modelos de dados em painel para aferi??o do impacto da regula??o sobre a efici?ncia dos PSAEs. Os resultados obtidos na ?ltima etapa de an?lise permitiram a confirma??o da hip?tese central da tese, de que reguladores atuantes, quanto ? defini??o de mecanismos de incentivos, impactam positivamente a efici?ncia dos PSAEs no Brasil. As novas vari?veis, em conjunto com a an?lise espec?fica para cada uma das divis?es do modelo DEA Network Din?mico, ampliou a discuss?o acerca do impacto da regula??o sob a perspectiva da aplica??o de diferentes estrat?gias regulat?rias, demonstrando que a escolha de incentivos regulat?rios, a intensidade da aplica??o desses incentivos e, at? mesmo, o n?mero de entidades reguladoras atuantes, s?o aspectos decisivos para a efici?ncia dos PSAEs. / In Brazil, some of the critical problems of the sanitation sector are the relevant deficit of water and sewage services, the difficulty of water and sewerage companies (WaSCs) to carry out investments and the existence of operating and maintenance inefficiencies. As an alternative to overcome these issues, the new regulatory framework, enacted in 2007, strengthened regulation and established among its regulatory objectives the universal access and water and sewerage systems efficiency. In this sense, this thesis aims to analyze the impact of regulation on the WaSCs efficiency in Brazil. To this end, we configured a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model unprecedented for the sector, which allows the evaluation of the overall dynamic efficiency and it also allows the evaluation of internal structures efficiency of WaSCs, through a network consisting of 3 interconnected divisions to reflect the regulatory objectives: 1) Expansion/Improvement of Water System; 2) Expansion/Improvement of Sewerage System; and 3) Operation/Maintenance of Water and Sewerage Systems. We ran a Dynamic and Network DEA model for 156 WaSCs in the period 2006-2015 and the results indicated low levels of overall efficiency. The Expansion/Improvement of Water System division achieved the best average efficiency scores, followed by the Operation/Maintenance of Water and Sewerage Systems division and the Expansion/Improvement of Sewerage System division. Regulated WaSCs presented better efficiency measures in the case of Expansion/Improvement of Water System and Operation/Maintenance of Water and Sewerage Systems divisions. In the second stage of the research, a content analysis of the standards issued by 52 regulators identified the presence of regulatory incentives in six proposed thematic categories: 1) Tariff regime; 2) Updating tariffs levels; 3) Systems expansion and improvement; 4) General standards and quality of services provision; 5) Management; and 6) Transparency and accountability. The content analysis of these incentives categories revealed changes in regulators strategies over time and indicated weaknesses, such as a low use of regulatory goals and tariff mechanisms that induce efficiency and productivity gains. The identification of regulatory incentives also allowed the construction of a set of variables capable to represent the regulation, that we applied on panel data models to assess the impact of regulation on WaSCs efficiency. The results obtained in the last stage of analysis allowed confirmation of the central hypothesis of this thesis, that active regulators, regarding the definition of incentive mechanisms, positively impact the WaSCs efficiency in Brazil. The new variables, along with a specific analysis for each Dynamic and Network DEA model division, broaden a discussion about the impact of regulation from a perspective of applying different regulatory strategies, demonstrating that choice of regulatory incentives, the intensity of these incentives and even the number of active regulators are decisive for the WaSCs efficiency.

Submitted by Daiana Dalla Vecchia (daianadvecchia@hotmail.com) on 2014-10-30T03:18:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANÁLISE DA EFICIÊNCIA DAS INSTITUIÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR.pdf: 1731688 bytes, checksum: 47674cbc3b5608cacd55d9f73d1ef922 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vania Magalhaes (magal@ufba.br) on 2014-10-30T11:19:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ANÁLISE DA EFICIÊNCIA DAS INSTITUIÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR.pdf: 1731688 bytes, checksum: 47674cbc3b5608cacd55d9f73d1ef922 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-30T11:19:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANÁLISE DA EFICIÊNCIA DAS INSTITUIÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR.pdf: 1731688 bytes, checksum: 47674cbc3b5608cacd55d9f73d1ef922 (MD5) / A educação desempenha um papel crucial sobre o desenvolvimento social e econômico de uma nação, por conseguinte, é fundamental entender como a eficiência pode contribuir na obtenção da qualidade da educação. Esta dissertação analisa a eficiência das Instituições de Educação Superior (IES) públicas da região Nordeste do Brasil. Para tanto, utiliza-se a metodologia determinística não paramétrica, Análise Envoltória de Dados (Data Envelopment Analysis - DEA), a qual possibilita a realização de uma análise comparativa entre as IES. Um conjunto de insumos e produtos educacionais é escolhido a fim de realizar a mensuração da eficiência das IES. Estima-se uma fronteira de eficiência e a partir desta é possível gerar um ranking, detectando as IES eficientes e ineficientes, facilitando o processo de elaboração de possíveis soluções capazes de ampliar a eficiência das IES que se encontraram abaixo da fronteira. Ademais, estima-se o Índice de Malmquist, o qual determina mudanças na produtividade total das IES através de painéis. São abordadas na amostra 31 IES públicas da região Nordeste do país, incluindo Universidades, Centros Universitários, Faculdades e Institutos Federais pertencentes à esfera federal e estadual. A avaliação é realizada para o período de 2008 a 2012 e os dados utilizados são fornecidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP). Ao longo do período analisado foi possível verificar oscilações na eficiência das IES, provocando, consequentemente, deslocamentos na fronteira. Na média geral o número de IES ineficientes foi superior ao número de IES eficientes, fato que demonstra a deterioração do produto educacional, indicando a importância de políticas e investimentos no setor, a fim de reestabelecer e aperfeiçoar o desempenho das IES do Nordeste brasileiro.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:42:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Saquetto.pdf: 528898 bytes, checksum: fb90fef9eb1d411b9ef00f6b291892b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-10 / Innovation is currently considered one of the main contributing factors for competitive differentiation and organizational performance improvement. Investing in innovativeness, i.e.the great ability to promote innovation has been pointed as the way for the companies to achieve success in highly competitive markets. In the hospital business, enterprises have invested in innovation in order to enhance both the quality of their health services, as well the efficiency. However, given the multiple meanings of the terms innovation and innovativeness in the literature, there are still questions about the actual contributions of these factors for the enterprises performance. Especially in segments whose innovative dynamics is distinguished from others by their specific aspects, as in the hospital business. Thus this research aimed to clarify the influence of innovativeness in hospital performance. Therefore innovativeness was defined as a measure of the companys ability or propensity to innovate, both perceived by the organizations internal culture and the way of acting in the marketplace. This operation was achieved by compiling variables from two constructs of innovativeness: Organizational Innovativeness (IO) and Perceived Firm Innovativeness (PFI). Operational performance was defined as a measure of the efficiency, with which a private hospital enterprise uses the resources available to provide services, comparing to other private hospitals. By a comprehensive literature review, we identified non-financial variables often used in hospital researches, both domestic and international. This operation was achieved by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) mathematical model. Based on a sample of 17 private hospitals, we found that the innovativeness perceived by hospital managers has an inverse relationship with the operational technical efficiency of hospital enterprises / A inovação é considerada atualmente um dos principais fatores que contribuem para a diferenciação competitiva e para a melhoria do desempenho organizacional. Investir na capacidade ampla de promover inovações, a inovatividade, tem sido destacada como o caminho para que as empresas alcancem o sucesso em mercados marcados pela grande competitividade. No segmento hospitalar, os empreendimentos têm investido em inovação como forma de promover melhorias que tanto aumentem a qualidade de seus serviços à saúde, quanto contribuam para a melhoria de sua eficiência. Todavia, diante da diversidade com que os termos inovação e inovatividade são utilizados na literatura, ainda persistem questionamentos quanto às reais contribuições destes fatores para o desempenho dos empreendimentos. Principalmente em segmentos cuja dinâmica inovativa se distingue dos demais por suas especificidades, como no segmento hospitalar. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa procurou contribuir para o esclarecimento da influência da inovatividade no desempenho hospitalar. Para tanto, a inovatividade foi definida como uma medida da capacidade ou propensão da empresa inovar, tanto percebida pela cultura interna da organização quanto por sua forma de atuar no mercado. Sua operacionalização foi possível pela compilação de variáveis provenientes de dois construtos de inovatividade: Inovatividade Organizacional (IO) e Inovatividade Percebida da Firma (PFI). O desempenho operacional foi definido como uma medida da eficiência com que o empreendimento hospital privado utiliza-se dos recursos de que dispõe para prestar serviços, comparativamente à outros hospitais privados. Através de uma revisão ampla de literatura, foram identificadas variáveis não financeiras frequentemente utilizadas nas pesquisas hospitalares, tanto nacionais quanto internacionais. Sua operacionalização se deu através do modelo matemático Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Com base em uma amostra de 17 hospitais privados, constatou-se que a inovatividade percebida pelos gestores hospitalares possui relação inversa com a eficiência técnica operacional desses empreendimentos.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-02T22:47:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloVictorAlvesBilaQueiroz_DISSERT.pdf: 1634728 bytes, checksum: 51364db317fad2549136cae128749432 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-03T23:22:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloVictorAlvesBilaQueiroz_DISSERT.pdf: 1634728 bytes, checksum: 51364db317fad2549136cae128749432 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-03T23:22:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloVictorAlvesBilaQueiroz_DISSERT.pdf: 1634728 bytes, checksum: 51364db317fad2549136cae128749432 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A educa??o formal, compreendida pelo processo gradual que ocorre na escola, tem como objetivo a aprendizagem de conhecimentos sistematizados e ? de grande interesse da sociedade, pois beneficia seus indiv?duos e acarreta em diversos efeitos positivos, como o aumento de produtividade e de bem-estar (JOHNES; JOHNES, 2007). Entender o que influencia o resultado educacional ? t?o importante quanto o resultado em si, porque permite gerir estas vari?veis de forma a obter um melhor desempenho estudantil. Este trabalho faz uso da an?lise envolt?ria de dados (DEA) para comparar a efici?ncia das escolas do Rio Grande do Norte. Neste m?todo n?oparam?trico, ? constru?da uma fronteira de efici?ncia a partir das escolas que melhor usam os insumos definidos para gerar os produtos educacionais. Para tanto, os dados utilizados foram obtidos atrav?s da Prova Brasil e Censo Escolar do ano 2011 para as escolas p?blicas estaduais e municipais do Rio Grande do Norte. Algumas das vari?veis consideradas como insumos e produtos j? foram obtidas diretamente destas bases ? outras duas foram elaboradas, com uso da Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI) ? s?o elas o ?ndice socioecon?mico e de infraestrutura escolar. Numa primeira etapa, foram comparados diversos modelos DEA, com altera??es de vari?veis de insumos. Em seguida, foi escolhido o modelo n?o discricion?rio para o qual foi aprofundada a an?lise de resultados. Os resultados mostraram que apenas sete escolas foram eficientes no 5? e 9? ano simultaneamente; n?o houve diferen?as significativas entre a efici?ncia das escolas municipais e estaduais; bem como n?o houve diferen?as entre escolas grandes e pequenas. Analisando os munic?pios, Mossor? se destacou em ambos os anos com maior propor??o de escolas eficientes. Por fim, o trabalho sugere que, utilizando as proje??es proporcionadas pelo m?todo DEA, as escolas mais ineficientes conseguiriam alcan?ar a meta do IDEB em 2011, ou seja, ? poss?vel melhorar a educa??o do estado de forma significativa tomando as escolas eficientes como base para as demais. / Formal education, understood by the gradual process that occurs at school, aims at learning and systematic knowledge is of great interest to society as it benefits its individuals and leads to many positive effects, such as increased productivity and welfare (Johnes, Johnes, 2007). Understanding what influences the educational outcome is as important as the result itself, because lets you manage these variables in order to obtain a better student performance. This work uses the data envelopment analysis (DEA) to compare the efficiency of Rio Grande do Norte schools. In this nonparametric method, an efficiency frontier was construct from the best schools that use the inputs set to generate educational products. Therefore, the data used were obtain by Test Brazil and year 2011 School Census to state and municipal schools of Rio Grande do Norte. Some of the variables considered as inputs and outputs have been obtain directly these bases - the other two were prepared, using the Item Response Theory (IRT) - they are the socioeconomic and school infrastructure indices. As a first step, we compared several DEA models, with changes of input variables. Then was chose the non-discretionary model for which was deep the analysis of results. The results showed that only seven schools were efficient in the 5th and 9th grades simultaneously; there were no significant differences between the efficiency of municipal and state schools; and there were no differences between large and small schools. Analyzing the municipalities, Mossor? excelled in both years with the highest proportion of efficient schools. Finally, the study suggests that using the projections provided by the DEA method, the most inefficient schools would be able to achieve the goal IDEB in 2011, in other words, it is possible to improve the education of significant state taking the efficient schools as a basis for too much.