Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-07-15T14:12:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Iberê Guarani de Souza.pdf: 3328129 bytes, checksum: 6f2250512f214402473b148d4ad6e48d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-15T14:12:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Iberê Guarani de Souza.pdf: 3328129 bytes, checksum: 6f2250512f214402473b148d4ad6e48d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-31 / Nenhuma / As empresas buscam, a cada dia, melhorar sua eficiência produtiva e, com isso, aumentar sua lucratividade e competitividade. Para tanto, há diversas formas de descobrir os fatores críticos de competitividade que podem estar presentes nos mais diversos setores de manufatura. Logo, o uso de técnicas robustas para avaliar e medir esses fatores torna-se essencial para o suporte à tomada de decisão. Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar a influência dos processos de melhoria contínua e de aprendizado em termos de eficiência e volume de produção em uma empresa de manufatura. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, a pesquisa realiza um estudo de caso utilizando a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), combinada com o teste de Regressão Linear e o teste de ANOVA. Nesta etapa, formula-se um modelo conceitual com quatro hipóteses principais e oito hipóteses secundárias. Para avaliação da eficiência DEA, o modelo utiliza retornos variáveis de escala (VSR) com orientação a insumo, considerando as principais matérias-primas utilizadas pela empresa com base no custo variável total. O teste de Regressão Linear efetua a avaliação do impacto do processo de melhoria e de aprendizado na eficiência (DEA). Por sua vez, o teste de ANOVA avalia as médias da eficiência de cada linha de produção para cada ano analisado. O estudo realiza-se de forma longitudinal, com avaliação de seis anos de produção de manufatura. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que apenas uma das linhas de produção aumentou a eficiência ao longo do tempo. Além disso, indicam que duas linhas de produção tiveram impacto das ações de melhoria no volume de produção. Logo, as variáveis referentes aos programas de Kaizen, às horas de treinamento e à experiência dos funcionários influenciaram significativamente o modelo. Verifica-se que os projetos voltados à melhoria contínua e ao aprendizado não foram suficientes para aumentar a eficiência em duas importantes linhas de produção. Além disso, o estudo elucida que o volume de produção impacta negativamente a eficiência de uma das linhas de produção. Com a análise, é possível identificar quais fatores são representativos para aumentar a eficiência produtiva. Logo, conclui-se que a atualização tecnológica constitui um fator importante a ser seguido pela empresa estudada. / Everyday, companies seek to improve their productive efficiency and, thus, increase their profitability and competitiveness. For both, there are several ways to discover the critical factors of competitiveness that may be present in various manufacturing sectors. Thus, the use of robust techniques to assess and measure these factors is essential to support decision making. This study aims to analyze the influence of the processes of continuous improvement and learning in terms of efficiency and production volume in a manufacturing company. To achieve the proposed objective, the research conducts a case study using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), combined with the Linear Regression test and the ANOVA test. At this stage, a conceptual model with four main hypotheses and eight secondary ones is formulated. To evaluate the DEA efficiency, the model uses Variable Scale Returns (VSR) with input orientation considering the main raw materials used by the company based on the total variable cost. The Linear Regression test performs the evaluation of the impact of the improvement process and learning efficiency (DEA). In turn, the ANOVA test evaluates the average efficiency of each production line for each year analyzed. The study is carried out longitudinally, by reviewing six years of manufacturing. The survey results show that only one of the production lines increased efficiency over time. In addition, the results indicate that two production lines have been impacted by the actions of improvement in the volume of production. Therefore, the variables related to Kaizen programs, to the hours of training and to employees ́ experience significantly influenced the model. It can be concluded that the projects focused on continuous improvement and learning were not sufficient to increase efficiency in two major production lines. Furthermore, the study shows that the production volume negatively impacts the efficiency of the production lines. With the analysis, it is possible to identify which factors are representative to increase production efficiency. Therefore, it can be conclude that the technology upgrade is an important factor to be followed by the company studied.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristina Martins Torres Masiero.pdf: 5901104 bytes, checksum: 879ed9ece4a683af230a01965cc7eb29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Introduction: Paraplegia may be caused by physical deficiency as a result of a spinal cord injury, often being necessary the use of wheelchair for locomotion by the injured person. On top of reduced mobility and other clinical consequences, people with spinal cord injury might have to deal with emotional and social impacts. Epidemiological studies show that most of spinal cord injury patients are young male adults, what makes returning to work an extremely important topic. Furthermore, the relevance of this study is justified/highlighted by the recent movement for inclusion of handicapped people in the work environment, as outlined in the quote law in Brazil. Reduced mobility, as well as some environmental barriers (physical barriers and society s atittudes) may be risk factors that could negatively affect the development of these young adults, once they could alter their roles in their families and in the society (socially and professionally). There comes the importance of studying these people s resilience which involves the ability to cope and positively adapt when dealing with adversities, and their capacity to learn from these situations. Returning to work might represent the re-start of their personal development after the spinal cord injury has occurred. Objectives: to collect social-demographics and resilience characteristics of 60 participants with spinal cord injury, to compare these characteristics between 30 worker with 30 nonworker participants, and to collect the psychological aspects of this study sample from the resilience results. Method: A Social-Demographic Questionnaire and the Questionário de Resiliência Adulto Reivich-Shatté/Barbosa were used to collect the data. The data statistical analysis showed the social-demographic and resilience characteristics of the study sample, as well as the comparison of these characteristics between the two groups. From the data analysis, it was possible to collect some psychological aspects of the study sample. Results: the study sample showed similar characteristics to the epidemiological studies done with spinal cord injury population as it relates to sex, age and how the spinal cord injury was acquired. When comparing the two groups, no significant differences were found for the resilience factors. However, the data showed that environmental factors (physical barriers and society s attitude), and the difficulty to have autonomy are factors that could make it more challenging for people with spinal cord injury to return to work. It also was possible to collect some psychological aspects of the sample based on the resilience factors results. That showed the importance of the psychologists in helping people with spinal cord injury to deal with their emotions and to better develop their resilience factors. This would allow them to return to their personal development, including their capacity to rebuild a new professional identity / Introdução: A aquisição de uma deficiência física por lesão medular, pode ocasionar o quadro de paraplegia, exigindo, muitas vezes, o uso de cadeira de rodas para locomoção. Além da mobilidade reduzida e de outras conseqüências clínicas, as pessoas com lesão medular podem ter que lidar com os impactos emocional e social da aquisição dessa deficiência. Estudos epidemiológicos apontam que a maioria das pessoas que sofrem a lesão medular são jovens adultos, do sexo masculino, fazendo com que o retorno ao trabalho seja um tema de extrema importância. Para justificar a relevância deste trabalho, soma-se à última informação, o atual movimento pela inclusão profissional de pessoas com deficiências, promovido pela lei de cotas . A mobilidade reduzida e a existência de barreiras físicas e atitudinais podem constituir-se como fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento esperado para esses adultos, uma vez que podem sofrer alterações nos seus papéis familiares, sociais e profissionais. Nessa perspectiva, torna-se importante o estudo da resiliência dessas pessoas, que envolve os recursos de enfrentamento de adversidades e a habilidade de adaptação positiva, que traduzem a capacidade de algumas pessoas de lidarem com as adversidades e aprenderem com elas. O retorno ao trabalho pode representar a retomada do processo do desenvolvimento pessoal, após a aquisição da lesão medular. Objetivos: levantar as características sócio-demográficas e de resiliência de uma amostra de 60 pessoas com lesão medular, comparar essas características entre os 30 participantes da amostra que estavam trabalhando e os 30 que não estavam e levantar os aspectos psicológicos da amostra, a partir dos resultados dos fatores de resiliência. Método: para a coleta de dados utilizamos um Questionário de Dados Sócio-demográficos e o Questionário de Resiliência Adultos Reivich-Shatté/Barbosa . Os dados foram submetidos a análise estatística permitindo a descrição das características sócio-demográficas e de resiliência da amostra, bem como a comparação dessas características nos dois grupos. A partir da análise desses dados, pudemos levantar alguns aspectos psicológicos da amostra. Resultados: A amostra apresentou características condizentes com os estudos epidemiológicos sobre a população de pessoas com lesão medular, com relação ao sexo, faixa etária e forma de aquisição da lesão. Os resultados para os fatores de resiliência permitiram levantar alguns aspectos psicológicos da amostra. Na comparação entre os grupos, não encontramos diferenças significantes para os fatores de resiliência, contudo, os dados apontaram que as barreiras físicas, as barreiras atitudinais e a dificuldade para autonomia são fatores que dificultam o retorno dessas pessoas ao trabalho. Encontramos indicativos que sugerem a importância do trabalho do psicólogo em auxiliar essas pessoas a elaborarem suas emoções para desenvolverem melhor os fatores de resiliência e conseguirem retomar seu percurso de desenvolvimento pessoal, incluindo a capacidade da construção de uma nova identidade profissional

Atrair usuários para o transporte coletivo e manter os que já utilizam é essencial para fomentar cidades mais sustentáveis. Melhorar a qualidade do transporte urbano por ônibus e considerar a visão do usuário, portanto, torna-se relevante. O benchmarking é uma ferramenta reconhecida de gestão da qualidade que permite comparar sistemas, identificar referências de boas práticas e promover trocas de experiência. Neste contexto, aliar o processo de benchmarking com avaliações de satisfação dos usuários do transporte coletivo tem um grande potencial para promover uma gestão mais efetiva e focada nas necessidades e desejos dos usuários do transporte. A comparação da percepção dos usuários de diferentes sistemas, entretanto, possui diversos desafios devido à falta de padronização na coleta de dados, subjetividade e vieses socioculturais dos respondentes. Este trabalho apresenta três métodos que buscam superar estes desafios e permitir a realização de análises de benchmarking com dados de satisfação dos usuários de diferentes cidades A primeira análise consiste na normalização das notas de satisfação para reduzir vieses sociais e culturais. A segunda aplica a análise envoltória de dados para identificar sistemas de transporte eficientes na visão dos seus usuários. Por fim, a terceira análise consiste na aplicação de análise de clusters para identificar relações entre perfis de usuários e as respectivas avaliações de satisfação em diferentes cidades. Os métodos mostram-se adequados para comparação de sistemas, permitindo identificação de metas, prioridades, benchmarks e entendimento de particularidades dos diferentes públicos. As análises apresentam distintos graus de complexidade de aplicação e de obtenção dos dados. Cada um dos métodos proporciona uma visão distinta a partir dos dados disponíveis, que permite que se definam benchmarks e auxilie na definição de diretrizes de melhorias. / Attracting users to public transport and maintaining the ones that already use it is essential to fostering more sustainable cities. Therefore, improving the quality of bus transit systems and considering the users’ vision becomes relevant. Benchmarking is a recognized quality management tool that allows comparing systems, identifying references to good practices and promoting exchanges of experience. Aligning benchmarking process and users’ satisfaction of public transport have great potential to become the management more focused and effective to the needs and desires of the users. However, comparing the perception of users of different systems results in several challenges due the lack of standardization of data collection, subjectivity and socio cultural biases. This study proposes the application of three methods aiming to overcome these challenges and to allow benchmarking analysis with users’ satisfaction data of different cities. The first analysis consists in normalizing satisfaction scores to reduce social and cultural biases. The second one applies Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to identify efficient transport systems in users’ view. The third one consists in using clusters analysis to identify relations between users’ profiles and their respective satisfaction in different cities. The methods are adequate for comparing systems, allowing goals identification, priorities, benchmarks and understanding of different audiences’ particularities. The analyses present different degrees of application complexity and data collection. Each method provides a distinct view from available data, which allows defining benchmarks and assist in improvements guidelines.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Marlone Wilson Souza.pdf: 432960 bytes, checksum: 431c37374246c5c1feb6417dd695f194 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-06 / This study addresses themes arising from studies on performance analysis, specifically considering the analysis of relative efficiency, through the use of the model known as DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), as introduced by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (1978) and based on the first studies of Farrel (1957). The technique was applied to a military health organization, the Central Army Orthodontic Clinic, aiming to propose and describe a methodology which would be capable of evaluating the relative efficiency of the clinics which make up the organization, identifying its efficient and inefficient units. The data used was obtained form the administration department of the Central Army Orthodontic clinic throughout 2005. The model conceived by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (1978) is known as CCR and input was adopted for orientation, as the maintenance of output was used as a base searching for efficiency through the minimization of economic supplies. To put the DEA model into action, the SIAD (Integrated System of support for decision-making) programme was used, using as economic supplies the direct materials and the relevant indirect costs, considering income generated and patients treated as the product in 11 DMU (clinics). Two distinct models were created, initially comparing the economic supplies and the income (representing the financial component) and finally the same economic supplies with patients treated (representing a non-financial component), describing in each case the efficient and inefficient DMU, as well as the degree of comparison of each case. It was concluded that it is possible to evaluate the relative efficiency of DMU in an organization of this nature, and that it is feasible to use DEA as a tool to calculate the proportion of subsidies in the decision making process, also opening up the possibility for other studies in military organizations which deal with war related activities and the operational use of the armed forces. / Esta pesquisa abordou conceitos advindos de estudos sobre an?lise de desempenho, considerando especificamente a an?lise da efici?ncia relativa, atrav?s da utiliza??o do modelo denominado DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), introduzido por Charnes, Cooper e Rhodes (1978) baseados nos primeiros estudos de Farrel (1957). A aplica??o da t?cnica foi realizada em organiza??o militar de sa?de, a Odontocl?nica Central do Ex?rcito, a fim de propor e descrever uma metodologia capaz de prover a avalia??o da efici?ncia relativa das cl?nicas que integram a organiza??o, identificando as suas unidades eficientes e/ou ineficientes. Foram utilizados os dados obtidos junto ? administra??o da Odontocl?nica Central do Ex?rcito no exerc?cio de 2005. O modelo concebido por Charnes, Cooper e Rhodes (1978), conhecido na literatura por CCR, foi escolhido e adotou-se a orienta??o input, j? que se tomou por base a manuten??o dos outputs buscando-se a efici?ncia atrav?s da minimiza??o dos insumos. Para rodar a modelagem DEA foi selecionado o programa SIAD (sistema integrado de apoio ? decis?o), carregando como insumos os materiais diretos e os custos indiretos relevantes e considerando como produtos a receita faturada e os pacientes atendidos em 11(onze) DMU (cl?nicas). Foram criados dois modelos distintos, inicialmente contrapondo-se esses insumos e a receita (componente de natureza financeira) e posteriormente os mesmos insumos com pacientes atendidos (componente de natureza n?o financeira), descrevendo-se as DMU eficientes e ineficientes em cada caso, bem como a magnitude comparativa em cada situa??o. Concluiu-se que ? poss?vel avaliar a efici?ncia relativa das DMU em organiza??o dessa natureza, demonstrando assim, como ? fact?vel o emprego da ferramenta DEA para proporcionar subs?dios no processo decis?rio, abrindo um campo para outras pesquisas em organiza??es militares que lidam com a atividade b?lica e com o emprego operacional da for?a terrestre.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2003 - Helida Delgado Ribeiro Macedo.pdf: 351099 bytes, checksum: 3143806e5a250144bdfee15e33f1a061 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-12-08 / This paper is a study of a financial performance analysis model through the technical of Data Envelopment Analysis using the economical and financial indexes from the accountable and financial analysis. The model proposes the identification and classification, in a limited universe, of the units named as efficient and inefficient, recognizing the relative efficiency of each one of them related to the others, having as basis the variables (indexes) pointed as relevant. Through the analysis of business units (Unimed partnerships), considered on the model, the study has the aim to analyze the efficiency of each one of these with the use of a hybrid methodology, which balances the Data Envelopment Analysis and the Accountable and Financial Analysis. Besides, these results aim to enlarge and add the view of many studies developed previously about the companies performance using economical and financial indexes, as the proposal methodology searches for the organizational performance evaluation through the relation among many economical and financial indexes. Coverage and relevance themselves of this study are based on the fact that mangers can use the indexes from the accountable and financial analysis to take decisions related to the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that exist in and out of the companies. Besides, the market analysts, the stakeholders? and stockholder s representatives, can use these information to analyze the performance of the companies. In this context, the methodology presented shows an index of efficiency which increases the analysis ability of the managers and of the analysts, because it simplifies the analysis process to a single decision key instead of the analysis of a row of indexes that many times have conflicting conclusions. Another justification to this paper would be the possibility of the practice of benchmarking, regarding the model points among a group of companies, which ones are the efficient and these ones can serve as reference to the inefficient companies. / Este trabalho consiste no estudo de um modelo de an?lise de performance financeira a partir da t?cnica de An?lise Envolt?ria de Dados utilizando os ?ndices econ?mico-financeiros da an?lise cont?bil-financeira. O modelo prop?e a identifica??o e classifica??o, dentro de um universo limitado, das unidades consideradas eficientes e das ineficientes, reconhecendo a efici?ncia relativa de cada uma delas em rela??o ?s outras, tendo como base as vari?veis (?ndices) identificadas como relevantes. Atrav?s da an?lise de unidades de neg?cio (cooperativas unimed), consideradas no modelo, o trabalho tem o prop?sito de analisar a efici?ncia de cada uma destas com o uso de uma metodologia h?brida, que conjuga a An?lise Envolt?ria de Dados e An?lise Cont?bil-Financeira. Al?m disso, estes resultados visam ampliar e complementar a vis?o de v?rios estudos desenvolvidos anteriormente sobre a performance de empresas utilizando ?ndices econ?mico-financeiros, j? que pela metodologia proposta busca-se a avalia??o do desempenho organizacional atrav?s da rela??o entre diversos ?ndices econ?mico-financeiros. A abrang?ncia e relev?ncia deste estudo est?o no fato de que os gestores das empresas podem utilizar os ?ndices da an?lise cont?bil-financeira para tomarem decis?es relativas ?s for?as, fraquezas, oportunidades e amea?as existentes internamente e externamente ? organiza??o. Al?m disso, os analistas de mercado, representantes dos stakeholders e dos acionistas, podem se utilizar destas informa??es para analisar o desempenho das empresas. Neste contexto, a metodologia proposta apresenta um indicador de efici?ncia que melhora a capacidade de an?lise dos gestores e dos analistas, pois simplifica o processo de an?lise a um ?nico fator de decis?o ao inv?s da an?lise de uma s?rie de ?ndices que muitas vezes possuem conclus?es conflitantes. Uma outra justificativa para este trabalho seria a possibilidade da pr?tica do benchmarking, pois o modelo destaca dentre um conjunto de empresas, quais s?o as eficientes e estas podem servir de refer?ncia para as ineficientes.

Feeder reconfiguration is performed by changing the open/close status of two types of switches: normally open tie switches and normally closed sectionalizing switches. A whole feeder or part of a feeder may be served from another feeder by closing a tie switch linking the two while an appropriate sectionalizing switch must be opened to maintain the radial structure of the system. Feeder reconfiguration is mainly aiming to reduce the system overall power losses and improve voltage profile. In this dissertation, several approaches have been proposed to reconfigure the radial distribution networks including the potential impact of integrating Distributed Energy Resources (DER) into the grid. These approaches provide a Fast-Genetic Algorithm “FGA” in which the size and convergence speed is improved compared to the conventional genetic algorithm. The size of the population matrix is also smaller because of the simple way of constructing the meshed network. Additionally, FGA deals with integer variable instead of a binary one, which makes FGA a unique method. The number of the mesh/loop is based on the number of tie switches in a particular network. The validity of the proposed FGA is investigated by comparing the obtained results with the one obtained from the most recent approaches. The second the approach is the implementation of the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. DE is a population-based method using three operators including crossover, mutation, and selection. It differs from GA in that genetic algorithms rely on crossover while DE relies on mutation. Mutation is based on the differences between randomly sampled pairs of solutions in the population. DE has three advantages: the ability to find the global optimal result regardless of the initial values, fast convergence, and requirement of a few control parameters. DE is a well-known and straightforward population-based probabilistic approach for comprehensive optimization. In distribution systems, if a utility company has the right to control the location and size of distributed generations, then the location and size of DGs may be determined based on some optimization methods. This research provides a promising approach to finding the optimal size and location of the planned DER units using the proposed DE algorithm. DGs location is obtained using the sensitivity of power losses with respect to real power injection at each bus. Then the most sensitive bus is selected for installing the DG unit. Because the integration of the DG adds positive real power injections, the optimal location is the one with the most negative sensitivity in order to get the largest power loss reduction. Finally, after the location is specified, the proposed Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA) is used to obtain the optimal size of the DG unit. Only the feasible solutions that satisfy all the constraints are considered. The objective of installing DG units to the distribution network is to reduce the system losses and enhance the network voltage profile. Nowadays, these renewable DGs are required to equip with reactive power devices (such as static VAR compensators, capacitor banks, etc.), to provide reactive power as well as to control the voltage at their terminal bus. DGs have various technical benefits such as voltage profile improvement, relief in feeder loading, power loss minimization, stability improvement, and voltage deviation mitigation. The distributed generation may not achieve its full potential of benefits if placed at any random location in the system. It is necessary to investigate and determine the optimum location and size of the DG. Most distribution networks are radial in nature with limited short-circuit capacity. Therefore, there is a limit to which power can be injected into the distribution network without compromising the power quality and the system stability. This research is aiming to investigate this by applying DG technologies to the grid and keeping the system voltage within a defined boundary [0.95 - 1.05 p.u]. The requirements specified in IEEE Standard 1547 are considered. This research considers four objectives related to minimization of the system power loss, minimization of the deviations of the nodes voltage, minimization of branch current constraint violation, and minimization of feeder’s currents imbalance. The research formulates the problem as a multi-objective problem. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated on different revised IEEE test systems including 16 and 33-bus radial distribution system.

本研究以台灣8家生物科技公司為研究對象，探討公司於民國85年到88年之間的經營效率評估，比較孰優孰劣。本研究應用資料包絡分析法(data envelopment analysis, DEA)來計算相對效率值。投入要素包括：資本額、研發支出、員工人數，及員工素質共四項；產出項目則為公司營業額一項。研究中分別求解CCR效率和A&P效率，此外，亦將CCR效率進一步區分為純粹技術效率(BCC效率)與規模效率，除了效率值比較和衍生的相關討論外，還進行規模報酬分析、虛擬乘數分析、差額變數分析，與敏感度分析，最後則是獲利能力與經營效率之比較。 研究結果顯示，效率排名以杏輝表現最佳，其次依序為濟生、葡萄王、永日、永信、生達、中化、五鼎；依年度區分的平均效率值分析，可觀察到的共通現象，皆是從民國85年一路衰退到88年，顯示八家生技公司的營運效率在此期間總體表現不佳。整體來看，投入項目需縮減幅度最大者為員工素質，資本額次之。表示八家生技公司在此期間高素質人力的投入，並無產生相當的營收，原因可能是公司開發的產品未能符合市場的需求，因此，未來在開發新產品方面應加強結合行銷功能，才能充分滿足消費者或客戶的需求。此外，資本額投入過多，造成資源的浪費，也需要公司管理者加強成本的控管，以期達到資源有效分配。從獲利能力與經營效率之比較分析得知，經營效率高的公司大多獲利能力亦較高。 / Utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), this paper examines the relative efficiency of 8 companies over a period of 4 years in Taiwan biotech industry. The study has indicated how to use DEA to identify individual companies that are less efficient than other comparable units of output factors relative to input factors. These DEA models basing on the data of 1996-1999 provide CCR efficiency, and A&P efficiency. Furthermore, CCR efficiency is divided into pure technical efficiency (BCC efficiency) and scale efficiency. Besides the comparison of these efficiencies and the discussion about related content, the present study also performs scale analysis, multiplier analysis, slack analysis, and sensitivity analysis. Finally, the comparison of profitability and operating efficiency is conducted. The research shows that Sinphar Pharm. Corp. is ranked first in efficiency, and then Chi Sheng Chemical Corp., Grape King Corp., Yung Zip Chemical Corp., Yung Shin Pharm. Corp., Standard Chemical & Pharm. Corp., China Chemical & Pharm. Corp., and Apex Biotech Corp. in order. Average efficiency of these eight companies declined from 1996 to 1999. As a whole, the personnel Ability and Capital should be the first two input item that needs to be reduced. The comparison of profitability and operating efficiency indicates that most efficient companies can have good profitability.

摘　要 編定工業區與都市計畫工業區一直是台灣工業用地的主要供給來源，儘管兩者均稱為「工業區」，然而兩者在現況上卻存有許多差異。一般而言，編定工業區通常具有達成國家經濟政策的任務，因而政府對編定工業區的開發介入較多，而其平均使用率也達到95％以上，就此情形而言，編定工業區的開發可謂成功；反觀都市計畫工業區，由於其劃設原始意義僅在消極排除工業發展的外部性，因而相關單位並未積極開發，台北市近來的工業區變更案更顯示出都市計畫工業區的存在與否有檢討的必要。有鑑於此，本研究針對編定工業區與都市計畫工業區之開發效率進行比較，希望藉由明確數字結果說明兩種工業區開發情形，同時對全台灣各市鄉鎮進行問卷調查，以了解工業區現況，期望能由實證與問卷結果得知兩種工業區開發效率之高低，並對開發效率較低者未來發展方向提出建議。 本研究可分為以下五部分，一為文獻回顧與理論基礎；二為針對編定與都市計畫工業區各項條件的比較，從法令、歷史沿革、面積、區位、數量、公共設施提供等各方面進行分析，以了解兩者間差異；第三部分為資料包絡分析法（DEA）的實證分析，測試結果顯示在291個受測試市鄉鎮中，有編定工業區設置的市鄉鎮無論整體效率、技術效率與規模效率均高於為設有編定工業區市鄉鎮。在變數分析中則發現，影響市鄉鎮工業生產效率的主要變數在投入面是土地，在產出面則是產值；第四部分則是台灣地區設有工業區市鄉鎮的問卷調查，調查結果發現編定工業區在地方的認知中確實優於都市計畫工業區；最後為結論與建議，本研究認為未來台灣地區工業土地的供給應朝向一元化，由編定工業區提供，而新設都市計畫則不應劃設工業區，既有都市計畫工業區則應配合當地實際情況准予變更或加強管理。 關鍵字：編定工業區、都市計畫工業區、開發效率、資料包絡分析法、DEA

本研究首度採用資料包絡分析法評估台灣證券商的經營效率，主要研究目的有三：（一）評估現有證券商的效率情形，及個別證券商之最適投入產出數額；（二）探討效率值的解釋因素；（三）比較資料包絡分析法與傳統一般獲利指標的評估結果。本研究以現存之專業經紀商及綜合證券商為研究對象，以資料包絡分析法評估其八十至八十三年之效率情形，並以兩組投入產出組合（模型一與模型二）作分析；再以迴歸模式，探討效率值是否由於成立年數、股價指數、經營型態及營業據點數的不同而有所差異；44最後以Spearman相關分析比較效率值與一般獲利指標排序的相關程度。關於效率值的解釋因素方面，本研究設立八個研究假說：(1)經紀商的純粹技術效率值比綜合證券商高；(2)成立年數越久，純粹技術效率4值越高；(3)營業據點數越多，純粹技術效率值越低；(4)純粹技術效率值會隨股價指數的漲跌而有顯著不同；(5)經紀商的整體技術效率值比綜合證券商低；(6)成立年數越久，整體技術效率值越高；(7)營業據點數越多，整體技術效率值越低；(8)整體技術效率值會隨股價指數的漲跌而有顯著不同。 　　根據實證結果顯示：（一）在模型一下效率值最好與最差的證券商與模型二幾乎完全相同；（二）全體證券商之純粹技術無效率及規模無效率的程度類似，表示就全體而言，若要徹底改善效率，資源的善用與規模的調整皆須進行；（三）不論在模型一或模型二下，經營型態、營業據點數及成立年數對整體技術效率值的影響均為顯著，其中綜合證券商較經紀商的效率值為佳，營業據點數對效率值有負向影響，成立年數對效率值有正向影響；而純粹技術效率值的解釋因素，只有成立年數和股價指數為顯著，其中成立年數對效率值有正向影響，而股價指數對效率值有負向影響；（四）整體技術效率值與四項獲利指標的相關程度較高，表示整體技術效率的表現與獲利高低有關；而純粹技術效率值與四項獲利指標的相關程度卻較低，因為獲利良窳除了與純粹技術效率有關，還會受到公司本身競爭策略、政府課稅因素、規模報酬狀況及其它環境因素的影響。

本研究利用DEA的效率衡量工具，分析球隊可能的解散因素，推論台灣職業棒球之市場機制。根據效率估計的結果約略可將台灣職業棒球二十年的發展分成三個時點，1990年至1997年—第一次簽賭爆發前：效率值呈現遞減的現象；1998年至2002年—兩聯盟共存期：多數的球隊呈現經營績效不佳；2003年至2009年—兩聯盟合併後時期：球隊普遍的經營績效均拉升。 Tobit迴歸分析結果顯示兩聯盟共存對經營績效有負向影響，二軍制度則對球隊的經營績效有正向影響，但令人訝異的是觀眾數對經營績效有負向的影響。存活分析結果推論觀眾數、球隊經營績效為影響球隊存續最重要的兩個因素。資料比對的結果符合上述Tobit迴歸及存活分析之結論，強化在DEA、Tobit、存活分析的推論結果。總而言之，台灣職業棒球市場經營機制尚未健全，本研究將其稱為「半人為市場機制」。台灣職棒必須進行改革，避免非市場因素介入市場運作，台灣棒球產業的未來才有發展性。 關鍵字：職業棒球、DEA效率分析、績效分析、Tobit迴歸分析、存活分析 / In this study, we use DEA efficiency measurement as a tool to analyze the survival of teams in the Taiwanese professional baseball market. According to the efficiency measurement results, one can divide the development of the Taiwanese professional baseball teams in the last twenty years into the following three periods: first, from 1990 to 1997—the outbreak of the first gambling scandal, overall efficiency performance was falling; second, from 1998 to 2002—when two professional leagues coexisted, overall efficiency performance was at the lowest; third, from 2003 to 2009—after two leagues were merged, significant improvement in terms of efficiency performance was observed. Tobit regression results suggest that the coexistence of two professional leagues has negative impact to the efficiency performance of teams while the introduction of the minor league system has positive impact to the efficiency performance. Surprisingly, the number of audience who attended baseball games has negative effect on the efficiency performance. The results from survival analysis identified the number of audience who attended baseball games and efficiency performance are the two main factors for the survival of a baseball team. A detailed data analysis confirms the Tobit regression and survival study results. In general, the market mechanism is yet well-developed. Non-market factors often affect the development of baseball teams and their survival. Drastic reforms and changes are required for the future development of the professional baseball market. Keywords: Professional Baseball, DEA Efficiency Analysis, Performance Analysis, Tobit Regression Analysis, Survival Analysis