O estudo da utilização da Tecnologia da Informação (TI) e suas conseqüências nos resultados das empresas é ainda um debate inacabado. Desde o paradoxo da produtividade (BRYNJOLFSSON, 1993), conseguiu-se mostrar a influência positiva da TI principalmente para as empresas grandes e, apenas mais recentemente, têm surgido pesquisas realizadas em pequenas e médias empresas. A urgência por se conhecer melhor esse tema, a carência de pesquisas sobre o setor brasileiro de bens de capital e o recente crescimento dele na economia do país são justificativas para a realização deste trabalho. Para o desenvolvimento desta investigação, utilizaram-se as técnicas de correlação estatística e de Análise Envoltória de Dados (Data Envelopment Analysis - DEA), além de análises fatoriais, através da seqüência: definições de conceitos; uso de metodologia apropriada para análise dos Fatores Críticos de Sucesso e análise dos Indicadores de Desempenho das empresas do setor de bens de capital; determinação dos inputs e outputs do modelo DEA; elaboração dos Fatores de Informatização; elaboração de construtos para aplicação da técnica DEA em dois estágios; elaboração de questionário para obtenção dos dados junto às empresas do setor; seu envio eletrônico; levantamento dos dados recebidos; análise descritiva; análise fatorial dos fatores de informatização; análise correlacional dos principais indicadores e variáveis; aplicação da técnica DEA nos construtos global, primeiro estágio e segundo estágio; análise dos resultados de eficiência; e análise correlacional entre os índices de eficiência e os fatores de informatização. O questionário elaborado foi testado previamente com três empresas, contando-se também com o auxílio de um consultor da Associação Brasileira da Indústria de Máquinas e Equipamentos (ABIMAQ) para refiná-lo e simplificá-lo. A lista de 3.833 empresas, entre associadas e não-associadas, foi fornecida pela própria ABIMAQ, e o questionário e suas respostas foram transmitidos via correio eletrônico da Universidade de São Paulo. Desse universo, que é formado principalmente por micro e pequenas empresas que trabalham sob encomenda, 80 responderam, e dessas, 28 puderam ser aproveitadas para comporem o grupo testado pelo método DEA. Dentre os resultados obtidos, destacam-se a associação positiva entre porte das empresas e melhores práticas, a relação entre a participação dos executivos e os fatores de informatização, a correlação entre os fatores de informatização e a eficiência operacional, a maior capacidade das empresas menores em converter o uso da TI em eficiência operacional e a maior capacidade das empresas maiores em converter os fatores críticos de sucesso em rentabilidade. Dentre os subsetores estudados, o de máquinas-ferramenta destacou-se nas atividades apoiadas pela TI e na extensão de seu uso. / The debate surrounding the use of IT and its consequences for companies is still incomplete. Since the Productivity Paradox (BRYNJOLFSSON, 1993), the positive influence of IT on large companies has been shown, and only recently has research regarding small and medium companies been developed. The need for further understanding the appropriate use of IT, the lack of research about Brazilian capital goods industry, and the sectors recent growth in the countrys economy are the main reasons to develop this work. To set forth this investigation, quantitative techniques were used, like statistical correlation and Data Envelopment Analysis, as well as factor analysis, following the sequence: concept definitions; use of appropriate methodology to analyze capital goods companies Success Critical Factors and Performance Indicators; determine DEA model inputs and outputs; elaborate computer information factors; elaborate constructs to apply two stages DEA technique; prepare a questionnaire and send it to the companies electronically; analyze received data; develop a descriptive analysis; develop factor analysis for the computer information factors; main indicators and variables correlation analysis; apply DEA technique for global, first stage and second stage constructs; efficiency results analysis; and correlation analysis between efficiency indexes and computer information factors. The questionnaire was previously tested with three different companies, and was revised and simplified by the Machines and Equipment Brazilian Industry Association (ABIMAQ). The mailing provided by the association contained 3,833 companies, including non-associate ABIMAQ ones. The questionnaire and its answers were transmitted through Universidade de São Paulo electronic mail. From the population, mainly composed by made to order micro and small companies, 80 responded, and 28 attended the needs to be tested on DEA model. Among the most important obtained results are: the positive association between companies size and best practices, the relation between executive participation and computer information factors, the correlation between computer information factors and operating efficiency, smaller companies ability to better convert use of IT into operating efficiency, and larger companies superior ability to convert success critical factors into financial efficiency.

[ES] La buena gestión de la atención primaria como puerta de entrada al sistema sanitario condiciona el funcionamiento de la atención especializada y la hospitalización, lo cual repercute directamente sobre la salud de la población. La sostenibilidad del sistema de salud público implica que los servicios de atención primaria sean eficientes. Objetivo Desarrollar un modelo para evaluar la eficiencia en cuanto a actividad realizada y resultados de salud de las unidades funcionales (UF) de atención primaria del Departamento de Salud Valencia Clínico - La Malvarrosa en los años 2015 a 2019. Metodología Se han integrado las bases de datos de la Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut Pública y el Departamento de Salud Valencia Clínico - La Malvarrosa para obtener para cada UF: características de la población asignada, actividad asistencial y recursos humanos de los centros y consultorios de atención primaria. El análisis factorial pone de manifiesto las principales diferencias y similitudes encontradas entre las UF y permite reducir el número de variables utilizadas para elaborar los modelos de evaluación de la eficiencia, de manera que no se pierda poder explicativo, y facilite la interpretación de los resultados. Se ha utilizado el Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA) con orientación input y output y rendimientos variables a escala para la evaluación de la eficiencia. Los inputs incluidos han sido las tasas por 10.000 habitantes de: personal facultativo y personal de enfermería (inputs no discrecionales) y coste farmacéutico; como outputs se han incluido las tasas por 10.000 habitantes de: urgencias hospitalarias, consultas externas, derivaciones, hospitalizaciones evitables, mortalidad evitable y el indicador de eficiencia en la prescripción. Urgencias, hospitalizaciones evitables y mortalidad evitables se consideran outputs no deseables. Y como variables exógenas se han incluido el porcentaje de población mayor de 65 y 80 años y un indicador de morbilidad (case-mix). Se han analizado las puntuaciones de eficiencia de cada UF según tres modelos. Todos los modelos incorporan los mismos inputs y diferentes combinaciones de outputs relacionados con: Actividad asistencial (primer modelo), outcomes o resultados de salud (segundo modelo) y actividad asistencial + outcomes (tercer modelo, en el que se incluyen todos los outputs). Cada modelo se analiza con y sin variables exógenas. Resultados Se han evaluado los tres modelos con sus diferentes especificaciones para identificar las diferencias entre ellos y ver cuál de ellos permite diferenciar más claramente la eficiencia de las UF, teniendo en cuenta variables de calidad, y las características de la población. Se ha obtenido la puntuación de eficiencia de cada UF y se han identificado las UF que forman parte de la frontera eficiente del grupo estudiado. Los resultados han mostrado que existen diferencias en las puntuaciones de eficiencia estimadas en función de las variables introducidas como outputs. Determinadas UF se encuentran siempre en la frontera eficiente o muy cerca, mientras que otras UF son siempre ineficientes. Por otra parte, cuando se consideran outputs de actividad asistencial, las puntuaciones de eficiencia de todas las UF mejoran y aumenta el número de UF eficientes. Se detecta que la puntuación de eficiencia de las UF desciende, en general, a lo largo del periodo evaluado. Esta disminución es más pronunciada cuando se incluyen sólo los outputs de actividad. Conclusiones Se han obtenido diferentes resultados en función del modelo utilizado. El DEA permite analizar las ineficiencias de los centros de atención primaria, aunque es necesario identificar los objetivos esperados de las UF, ya que la perspectiva de los análisis influye en los resultados. / [CA] La bona gestió de l'atenció primària com a porta d'entrada al sistema sanitari condiciona el funcionament de l'atenció especialitzada i l'hospitalització, la qual cosa repercuteix directament sobre la salut de la població. La sostenibilitat del sistema de salut públic implica que els serveis d'atenció primària siguen eficients. Objectiu Desenvolupar un model per a avaluar l'eficiència quant a activitat realitzada i resultats de salut de les unitats funcionals (UF) d'atenció primària del Departament de Salut València Clínic - La Malva-rosa en els anys 2015 a 2019. Metodologia S'han integrat les bases de dades de la Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut Pública i el Departament de Salut València Clínic - La Malva-rosa per a obtindre per a cada UF: característiques de la població assignada, activitat assistencial i recursos humans dels centres i consultoris d'atenció primària. L'anàlisi factorial posa de manifest les principals diferències i similituds trobades entre les UF i permet reduir el nombre de variables utilitzades per a elaborar els models d'avaluació de l'eficiència, de manera que no es perda poder explicatiu, i facilite la interpretació dels resultats. S'ha utilitzat l'Anàlisi Envolupant de Dades (DEA) amb orientació input i output i rendiments variables a escala per a l'avaluació de l'eficiència. Els inputs inclosos han sigut les taxes per 10.000 habitants de personal facultatiu i personal d'infermeria (inputs no discrecionals) i cost farmacèutic; com a outputs s'han inclòs les taxes per 10.000 habitants de consultes, urgències hospitalàries, derivacions, hospitalitzacions evitables, mortalitat evitable i l'indicador d'eficiència en la prescripció. Urgències, hospitalitzacions evitables i mortalitat evitables es consideren outputs no desitjables. I com a variables exògenes s'han inclòs el percentatge de població major de 65 i 80 anys i un indicador de morbiditat (case-mix). S'han analitzat les puntuacions d'eficiència de cada UF segons tres models. Tots els models incorporen els mateixos inputs i diferents combinacions d'outputs relacionats amb activitat assistencial (primer model), outcomes o resultats de salut (segon model) i activitat assistencial + outcomes (tercer model, en el qual s'inclouen tots els outputs). Cada model s'analitza amb i sense variables exògenes. Resultats S'han avaluat els tres models amb les seues diferents especificacions per a identificar les diferències entre ells i veure quin d'ells permet diferenciar més clarament l'eficiència de les UF, tenint en compte variables de qualitat, i les característiques de la població. S'ha obtingut la puntuació d'eficiència de cada UF i s'han identificat les UF que formen part de la frontera eficient del grup estudiat. Els resultats han mostrat que existeixen diferències en les puntuacions d'eficiència estimades en funció de les variables introduïdes com a outputs. Determinades UF es troben sempre en la frontera eficient o molt a prop, mentre que unes altres UF són sempre ineficients. D'altra banda, quan es consideren outputs d'activitat assistencial, les puntuacions d'eficiència de totes les UF milloren i augmenta el número d'UF eficients. Es detecta que la puntuació d'eficiència de les UF descendeix, en general, al llarg del període avaluat. Aquesta disminució és més pronunciada quan s'inclouen només els outputs d'activitat. Conclusions S'han obtingut diferents resultats en funció del model utilitzat. El DEA permet analitzar les ineficiències dels centres d'atenció primària, encara que és necessari identificar els objectius esperats de les UF, ja que la perspectiva de les anàlisis influeix en els resultats. / [EN] The proper management of primary healthcare as the gateway to the health system determines the performance of specialised healthcare and hospitalisation, which has a direct impact on the health of the population. The sustainability of the public health system requires the efficiency of primary healthcare services. Objectives To develop a model to evaluate the efficiency in terms of activity and health outcomes of the functional units (FU) of primary healthcare of the Valencia Clínico - La Malvarrosa Health District in the years 2015 to 2019. Methodology The databases of the Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut Pública and the Valencia Clínico - La Malvarrosa Health District have been integrated to obtain for each FU: characteristics of the covered population, healthcare activity and human resources of the primary healthcare centres. The factorial analysis reveals the main differences and similarities found between the FUs and makes it possible to reduce the number of variables used to develop the efficiency evaluation models, so as not to lose explanatory power and to facilitate the interpretation of the results. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with input and output orientation and variable returns to scale has been used to assess the efficiency. The inputs included were the rates per 10,000 inhabitants of: professional and nursing staff (non-discretionary inputs) and pharmaceutical cost; outputs included the rates per 10,000 inhabitants of: consultations, hospital emergencies, referrals, avoidable hospitalisations, avoidable mortality and the prescription efficiency indicator. Emergencies, avoidable hospitalisations and avoidable mortality are considered undesirable outputs. As exogenous variables we have included the percentage of the population over 65 and 80 years old and a morbidity indicator (case-mix). The efficiency scores of each FU have been analysed according to three models. All models incorporate the same inputs and different combinations of outputs related to: healthcare activity (first model), outcomes (second model) and healthcare activity + outcomes (third model, in which all outputs are included). Each model is analysed with and without exogenous variables. Results The three models have been evaluated with their different specifications to identify the differences between them and to see which of them allows the efficiency of the FU to be differentiated more clearly, considering quality variables and the characteristics of the population. The efficiency score of each FU has been obtained and the FUs that form part of the efficient frontier of the group studied have been identified. The results show that there are differences in the estimated efficiency scores depending on the variables introduced as outputs. Certain FUs are always on the efficient frontier or very close to it, while other FUs are always inefficient. On the other hand, when healthcare activity outputs are considered, the efficiency scores of all FUs improve and the number of efficient FUs increases. It is found that the efficiency score of the FU generally decreases over the period under evaluation. This decline is more pronounced when only activity outputs are included. Conclusions Different results have been obtained depending on the model used. The DEA makes it possible to analyse the inefficiencies of primary healthcare centres, although it is necessary to identify the expected objectives of the FU, as the perspective of the analysis influences the results. / González De Julián, S. (2023). Medida de la eficiencia en atención primaria: fronteras eficientes y modelos no paramétricos condicionados [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/196735

This thesis explores how revenue management (RM) principles would integrate into a parking system, and how advanced reservation-making, coupled with dynamic pricing (based on booking limits) could be used to maximize parking revenue. Detailed here is a comprehensive RM strategy for the parking industry, and an integer programming formulation that maximizes parking revenue over a system of garages is presented. Furthermore, an intelligent parking reservation model is developed that uses an artificial neural network procedure for online reservation decision-making. Next, the work evaluates whether the implementation of a parking RM system in a dense urban parking district (and thus avoiding "trial-and-error" behaviors exhibited by drivers) mitigates urban congestion levels. In order to test this hypothesis, a parallel modeling structure was developed that uses a real-time decision-making model that either accepts or rejects requests for parking via a back-propagation neural network. Coupled with the real-time decision-making model is a micro-simulation model structure used to evaluate the policy's effects on network performance. It is clear from the results that the rate at which parkers renege is a primary determinant of the value of the implementation of RM. All other things being equal, the RM model in which the majority of parkers is directed to their precise parking spot via the most direct route is much more robust to the random elements within the network that can instigate extreme congestion. The thesis then moves from micro-evaluation to macro-evaluation by measuring the performance of the urban parking system from the perspective of the set of relevant stakeholders using the hyperbolic DEA model within the context of the matrix DEA construct. The stakeholder models, including that of the provider, the user, and the community, have defined inputs/outputs to the hyperbolic DEA model, which allows for the inclusion of undesirable outputs such as network delay and incidence of extreme congestion. Another key contribution of this work is that of identifying design issues for current and future dense urban parking districts. Clearly, reneging rate and the tenacity of perspective parkers is a key consideration in cases where RM policy is not implemented. / Ph. D.

I och med den tekniska utvecklingen är det kritiskt för företag att anpassa sig och följa med utvecklingen för att kunna upprätthålla sin konkurrenskraft och tillväxtförmåga. I denna fallstudie utförs en omfattande analys av produktionsprocesserna hos GB Verkstads & Industrivaror AB, som bland annat producerar hydraulikkomponenter, med syfte att evaluera och förbättra effektiviteten genom värdeflödesanlys (VSM) i kombination med dataomslutningsanalys (DEA). Målet med studien är att kartlägga nuvarande ineffektivitet, mäta företagets ”Leanhet” före och efter en planerad flytt till nya lokaler och sedan identifiera förbättringspotentialer i form av en handlingsplan.  Analysresultaten från värdeflödesanalys avslöjade flera kritiska icke-värdeadderande aktiviteter och i vissa fall rent spill vilket gav insikter till identifiering av specifika åtgärder för att minimera slöseriet och förbättra produktionsflödena. Flytten till de nya lokalerna möjliggjorde bättre layout vilket ledde minskning av cykeltider.  Dataomslutningsanalysen användes för att beräkna företagets Leanhet, där den nuvarande Leanheten i de gamla lokalerna beräknas till 52 %, och efter flytten steg den till 69 % i de nya lokalerna.  Resultatet av dataomslutningsanalys visar att de två framtida lägen visar att i det första och mer realistiska scenariot kan Leanheten ökas till 80% genom att genomföra standardiserat arbetssätt, eliminera slöseri och liten teknisk investering. I det ideala scenariot kan Leanheten bli 100 % om produktionsprocesserna automatiseras.  Studien påvisar att VSM i kombination med DEA kan användas som ett verktyg för att utvärdera effektiviteten före och efter flytt till nya lokaler ur ett Lean perspektiv. / Considering today’s technological advancements, it is critical for companies to adapt and keep pace with developments to maintain their competitiveness and growth potential. This case study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the production processes at GB Verkstad & Industrivaror AB, which produces hydraulic components, among other things. The purpose of the study is to evaluate and improve efficiency through Value Stream Mapping (VSM) combined with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The aim of the study is to map current inefficiencies, measure the company’s "Leanness" before and after a move to new premises, and then identify potential improvements in the form of an action plan. The results from the value stream analysis revealed several critical non-value-adding activities and, in some cases, pure waste, which provided insights for identifying specific measures to minimize waste and improve production flows. The move to the new premises enabled a better layout which led to reduced cycle times. Data Envelopment Analysis was used to calculate the company's Leanness, where the current Leanness in the old premises was calculated to 52%, and after relocating, it increased to 69% in the new premises. The results of the data envelopment analysis show that in the first and more realistic future scenario, can leanness be increased to 80% by implementing standardized work practices, eliminating waste, and making small technical investments. In the ideal future scenario, can Leanness reach 100% if the production processes are automated. The study demonstrates that VSM combined with DEA can be used as a tool to evaluate efficiency before and after moving to new premises from a Lean perspective.

本研究以我國上市上櫃電子公司為研究對象，以資料包絡分析法為分析方法，探討公司赴大陸投資前後以及赴大陸投資公司與未赴大陸投資公司間，其台灣母公司在整體技術效率、純技術效率及規模效率上之差異。 就規模效率而言，樣本公司在赴大陸投資後，其台灣母公司在規模效率上有顯著提升，在赴大陸投資公司部分亦為如此；在純技術效率方面，各組樣本間並未有顯著差異；整體技術效率方面，赴大陸投資後及赴大陸投資公司之整體技術效率分別較赴大陸投資前及未赴大陸投資公司為高，主要係規模效率改進之故；另外在規模報酬部分，大部分樣本公司仍處於規模報酬遞增階段。 這些現象可能透露出廠商在赴大陸投資後，對於台灣母公司之規模調整已收到部分效益，然在技術層面卻未有所改善，且部分台灣母公司的生產規模仍未調整至最適狀態，故廠商應加強技術之提升，並增加對台灣母公司之投資，以使現有之投入獲致最佳之報酬。 / The purpose of this research is to examine how the Taiwan’s parent companies of electronic industry have adapted their strategies to face the new market structure and competition after the deregulation of “regulation of investment in mainland China”. This research focuses on comparing the changes of electronic company’s efficiency before and after deregulation. This research applies Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure efficiency scores. The statistical results reject the null hypothesis that there was no overall technical efficiency change and no scale efficiency change after deregulation, but accept the null hypothesis that there was no pure technical efficiency change. The statistical results indicate that after deregulation overall technical efficiency and scale efficiency increased but the pure technical efficiency remain unchanged. After further analysis of scale efficiency, the research also reveals that most of the companies are in increasing return to scale level. The result implies that those companies have not reached their optimal level of return to scale, although they did improve their scale efficiency. The above findings suggest that although the companies investing in mainland China can improve their scale efficiency, however, the investment did not benefit the pure technical efficiency. Therefore, this research suggests that in order to get the optimal return, companies investing in mainland China should focus more on technique improvement and capital investment on Taiwan’s parent companies.

大多數的金控公司，皆期望透過結合銀行、證券和保險的力量創造綜效，藉由跨業銷售的方式獲得一加一大於二的效果。然而金融控股公司的成立是否真的可以發揮金融機構跨業合併的效益？本研究期望藉由績效衡量之觀念，針對2004年至2008年國內14家金融控股公司進行多角化的效率評估，以營業費用及固定資產淨額作為投入項變數，利息收入、非利息收入為產出項變數，採用三階段資料包絡分析法探討異業合併程度對金融控股公司經營績效的影響。

Historicamente, o papel do Estado está sempre se alterando, contudo ele é sempre essencial. As mudanças necessárias recentes no papel do Estado relacionam-se a um conjunto de transformações do final do século XX, tanto no cenário político quanto econômico. A primeira questão que surge no debate sobre a revisão do papel do Estado é o tamanho de suas necessidades de financiamento para promover a estabilidade, o crescimento e o bem-estar. A arrecadação tributária constitui a principal fonte de recursos utilizados no financiamento de programas governamentais e, por meio delas, o governo custeia suas despesas, suas necessidades de investimento e implanta políticas públicas. No Brasil, a reforma do Estado de 1995 buscou criar novas instituições legais e organizacionais que visavam sua modernização e aumento de eficiência. Neste sentido, a Receita Federal do Brasil, instituição que tem como objetivo arrecadação fiscal, vem aumentado sua receita tributária para que o governo estruture e implemente políticas públicas e sociais. Assim, este trabalho busca verificar a eficiência na arrecadação dos recursos pelo governo federal como forma de promover o desenvolvimento e, conseqüente, bem-estar. Para avaliar a eficiência foi aplicada a técnica de Análise Envoltória de Dados. Os resultados indicam que apenas uma das dez regiões fiscais apresentou eficiência em todos os períodos, e outras duas apresentaram eficiência em pelo menos um período. Com relação à eficiência, o estudo revelou a formação de quatro clusters, em que são agrupadas as regiões fiscais. Os resultados sugerem a utilização da região fiscal eficiente como benchmark. / Historically, the role of the State is always changing, however it is always essential. The necessary changes in the recent role of the State are related to a number of changes to the end of the twentieth century, both the political scene as economic. The first question that arises in debate on the review of the role of the State is the size of your funding needs to promote stability, growth and welfare. The incoming tax is the main source of resources used in the financing of government programs and, through them, the government funds their expenses, their for investment and deploy public policies. In Brazil, the reform of the State in 1995 sought to create new organizational and legal institutions that aimed at its modernization and increased efficiency. In this way, the Federal Incoming Office of Brazil, an institution that aims to tax collection, has increased its incoming tax to the government structure and implement social and public policies. Therefore, this paper checks the efficiency in collection of resources by the federal government as a way of promoting development and, consequently, welfare. To assess the efficiency it was applied the Data Envelopment Analysis technique. The results indicate that only one of ten regions tax presented efficiency at all times, and two others had efficiency by at least one period. With respect to efficiency, the study revealed the formation of four clusters, which are grouped in the regions tax. The results suggest the use the efficient region tax as a benchmark.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-20T10:15:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Alessandra Quintella Nunes.pdf: 854791 bytes, checksum: 147c7c218889e2ebcca5bf3f0320e2b0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-20T10:15:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Alessandra Quintella Nunes.pdf: 854791 bytes, checksum: 147c7c218889e2ebcca5bf3f0320e2b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-28 / Nowadays, information and knowledge have an importation role as source of competitive advantage. People as the main source of creation and spreading of knowledge, became one of the most important strategic resources. This way, it is required that people be prepared and ready to contribute. It is latent the need of adoption of appropriate policies of people management. So, the practices of the companies from the guides ?Melhores Para Voc? Trabalhar? e ?Melhores e Maiores? are analyzed. For that, it is used a technique with capacity to compare the efficiency of multiple units ? the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). From this on, this paper is a study of an organizational performance analysis model which searches for evaluate the performance through DEA. The Business Performance Index is built, an index which shows how efficient each company is in relation to its indexes. Its aim is to obtain the highest wealth created per employee and the maximization of the non-financial indexes (with focus on people management), in a way to obtain a top organizational performance. Through this analysis it was possible the verification of how much and in which indexes the company need to increase to obtain a better performance / Nos dias atuais, informa??o e conhecimento t?m um papel importante como fonte de vantagem competitiva. As pessoas como a principal fonte de cria??o e dissemina??o do conhecimento, tornam-se um dos mais importantes recursos estrat?gicos. Dessa forma, ? necess?rio que as pessoas estejam preparadas e estejam dispostas a contribuir. Torna-se latente a necessidade da ado??o de pol?ticas adequadas de gest?o de pessoas. Assim, s?o analisadas as pr?ticas das empresas dos guias ?Melhores Para Voc? Trabalhar? e ?Melhores e Maiores? dos anos de 2006 e 2007. Para isso, ? utilizada uma t?cnica com capacidade de comparar a efici?ncia de m?ltiplas unidades ? a An?lise Envolt?ria de Dados (DEA). Sendo assim, esta disserta??o consiste no estudo de um modelo de an?lise do desempenho organizacional que procura avaliar a performance atrav?s do DEA. ? obtido o ?ndice de Performance Empresarial, indicador que mostra o qu?o eficiente cada empresa ? na rela??o entre seus indicadores. Seu objetivo ? obter a maior riqueza criada por empregado e a maximiza??o dos indicadores n?o financeiros (com foco na gest?o de pessoas), de forma a obter um maior desempenho organizacional. Atrav?s dessa an?lise foi poss?vel a verifica??o de quanto e em que indicadores as empresas necessitam melhorar para obter uma melhor performance

Tese de Doutoramento. Engenharia Industrial e Gestão. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2012

Dans les établissements de santé, la stérilisation des dispositifs médicaux occupe une place primordiale dans la lutte contre l'infection. On appelle dispositif médical un instrument de chirurgie ou d'exploration utilisé lors d'une intervention ou d'un examen. Dans cette thèse nous étudions et proposons des améliorations de l'organisation de la production de dispositifs médicaux stériles en appliquant au milieu hospitalier des méthodes habituellement utilisées pour évaluer et améliorer les performances de systèmes de production industriels. Nous avons construit un modèle de simulation spécifique représentant le service de stérilisation du Centre Hospitalier Privé Saint Martin de Caen. Nous montrons les améliorations que nous avons pu obtenir en modifiant certains points de l'organisation. Par la suite nous avons cherché à dégager les spécificités des services de stérilisation de plusieurs établissements hospitaliers, dans le but d'effectuer une comparaison des différents types d'organisation et d'identifier les services les plus performants. Cette comparaison, réalisée à partir de données issues d'une enquête menée auprès d'établissements de la région Rhône-Alpes, repose sur des ratios de comparaison, sur la méthode DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) et sur un modèle générique de simulation que nous avons élaboré. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons également des pistes pour analyser un service de stérilisation générique en utilisant des méthodes analytiques stochastiques. Nous commençons par dresser un état de l'art sur l'utilisation de modèles stochastiques analytiques pour l'analyse de systèmes de production de soins, puis nous étudions la possibilité d'utiliser une méthode analytique pour analyser notre modèle générique d'un service de stérilisation. Une modélisation par réseau de files d'attente du modèle générique est enfin présentée.