Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:36:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_Diss_Marcos_Vinicius_Mansano_Sarto.pdf: 1398740 bytes, checksum: 69519c58e9b4237a55dac8a956e8b643 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The application of calcium silicate and magnesium can promote improvements in soil chemical properties and, consequently, improve nutrition and increase crop productivity. Thus the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of doses of calcium silicate and magnesium on soil chemical properties, development and nutrient uptake by wheat in soils of the state of Paraná. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in pots with three soil types in the state of Paraná. The experimental design was randomized blocks, factorial 5 x 3, with four replications. Treatments consisted of application of 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 Mg ha-1 of calcium silicate and three soils: Red Latosol eutrophic (LVef), Red Yellow Argissoil eutrophic (PVAe) and Red Latosol distroferric (LVd). Silicon fertilization increased the contents of Si, Ca and Mg and pH, CTC and V reduced the potential acidity (H+Al) and Al content of the soil. Silicon fertilization did not influence the agronomic traits of wheat grown in soils LVef and PVAe, however, soil LVd increased the dry matter of shoots, plant height, number of tillers and yield of wheat crop. The amount of Si accumulated by the shoots of wheat from the silicate applied ranged from 28.2 %, 60.61 % and 74.14 %, respectively, for the LVef, PVAe and LVd soils. Silicon fertilization promotes increase of K, Ca and Mg and reduces the levels of Zn and Mn in the leaves of wheat. Monitoring with DRIS possible to detect the effect of doses of calcium silicate and magnesium in soil nutrient balance in the leaf tissue of wheat / A aplicação de silicato de cálcio e magnésio pode promover melhorias nos atributos químicos do solo e, consequentemente, melhorar a nutrição e aumentar a produtividade das culturas. Assim o presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar o efeito da aplicação de doses de silicato de cálcio e magnésio sobre os atributos químicos do solo, desenvolvimento e absorção de nutrientes pelo trigo em solos do estado do Paraná. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação em vasos com três tipos de solos do estado do Paraná. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 x 3, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram da aplicação de 0, 1, 2, 4 e 6 Mg ha-1 de silicato de cálcio e três solos: Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico (LVef), Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo eutrófico (PVAe) e Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (LVd). A adubação silicatada elevou os teores de Si, Ca e Mg e os valores de pH, CTC e V, reduziu a acidez potencial (H + Al) e o teor de Al do solo. A adubação silicatada não influenciou as variáveis agronômicas do trigo cultivado nos solos LVef e PVAe, entretanto, no solo LVd, aumentou a massa da matéria seca da parte aérea, altura de plantas, número de perfilho e produção da cultura do trigo. A quantidade de Si acumulada pela parte aérea do trigo proveniente do silicato aplicado variou entre 28,2 %, 60,61 % e 74,14 %, respectivamente, para os solos LVef, PVAe e LVd. A adubação silicatada promove acréscimo nos teores de K, Ca e Mg e reduz os teores de Zn e Mn no tecido foliar do trigo. O monitoramento com o DRIS permitiu detectar efeito das doses de silicato de cálcio e magnésio nos solos no equilíbrio de nutrientes do tecido foliar da cultura do trigo

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Student Number : 9402386H - PhD thesis - School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences - Faculty of Science / The upper limit of forest production is constrained by the efficiency of radiation interception and the conversion of carbon dioxide into harvestable products, These processes are limited by water availability and nutrient supply. This study forms part of an international network of experiments aimed at demonstrating the potential yield of a forest species by eliminating water and nutrients as growth-limiting factors. The main aim of this study was to determine the climatic and nutritional controls on the growth of Eucalyptus under a given set of environmental conditions. A field experiement was initiated in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands, South Africa, to establish the effects of varying levels of water and nutrient availability on the physiological processes controlling tree growth in E. grandis. The experimental design consisted of a control (C), irrigation (I), fertilisation (F), and irrigation and fertilisation (IF) treatments. These treatments aimed to eliminate both water (I and IF) and nutrients (F and IF) as growth-limiting factors. The study focused on three main areas, namely tree-water relations, nutrient dynamics and acquisition, and carbon allocation. Information on these processes was acquired through a combination of field data collection, the application of foliar diagnostic tools, and a modelling approach. The growth of the E.grandis trees in this trial was constrained by poor establishment and management practices. Inadequate vegetation control and vigorous weed growth were a source of competition during the establishment of the seedlings. In addition, the variable seed stock, late fertiliser application and damage from animals resulted in late canopy closure. Consequently, the potential growth of E.grandis at this site could not be determined, and comparisons were made between the different treatments rather than demonstrating maximum growth under optimal conditions. The boimass and nutrient pools were quantified to provide a mid-rotation value of the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents contained in the soil, forest floor and above- and below-ground biomass. At age four years, irrigation had a more pronounced effect on growth and biomass accumulation than fertilisation. Increases in diameter, height,, basal area, standing volume and above- and below-ground biomass were observed in response to increased water availability. After four years, the respective totals of the above- and below-ground biomass pools accumulated by the C, I, F and IF treatments were 73, 82, 78 and 85 t ha-1. In irrigated (I and IF) treatments, significantly more above-ground biomass was allocated to the stem, compared to non-irrigated (C and F) trees. The lower root: shoot ratio in fertilised (F and IF) trees indicated that proportionally less mass was allocated to below-ground components compared to non-fertilised (C and I) trees. Irrigated trees accumulated more N and P than non-irrigated trees in above- and below-ground biomass fractions. The 3-PG model has shown considerable potential as a tool for predicting forest productivity. As part of a model validation exercise, 3-PG was applied to this stand. Simulations were run over a two-year period using appropriate initialisation data and a parameter set developed for E.grandis in summer rainfall region of South Africa. The model was validated using observed leaf area index (L) and foliage and above-ground woody biomass, and then used to predict stand volume. The 3-PG model produced accurate predictions of L, foliage and above-ground woody biomass. At four years, the model-predicted L over all treatments ranged from 3.8 to 5.0, in contrast to the observed range of 4.3 to 5.2. Stand volume at four years of age was under-estimated in the non-irrigated treatments. Actual stand volume at this age ranged from 100 to 118 m3 ha-1 across all treatments, compared to model estimates of 82 to 123 m3 ha-1. The 3-PG model can be used as a guide for future research direction, which should focus on a better understanding of nutritional dynamics operatins at a site. Use of a dynamic fertilty rating may improve model predictions and there is a possible scope for improvement in the water-balance component of the model. Results from this study have shown 3-PG to be a robust model by producing accurate predictions of growth under varying levels of resource availability. There is much current interest in predicting the maximum amount of water that can be transpired by Eucalyptus trees. It is possible that industrial waste water may be applied as irrigation water to eucalyptus and it is important ot predict the maximum transpiration rates of these plantations in an attempt to dispose of this contaminate water. A simple model was developed to predict maximum rates of daily transpiration by short-rotation E.grandis plantations experiencing no significant soil water deficits or fertility limitation. Daily sap flow data recorded in a single average tree in the irrigated treatment were used to estimate mean daily canopy conductance. Analysis of daily and seasonal variation in conductance confirmed that solar radiation and vapour pressure deficit are the dominant factors reducing canopy conductance below potential values, when soil water availability is high. A simple canopy conductance model based on these data was then used with the Penman-Monteith equation to predict daily transpiration rates by E.grandis trees at a site situated in Mpumalanga. The modelled transpiration rates agreed well with th oberved daily sap low (R2 = 0.79). The total observed annual sap flow at the Mpumalanga site was equivalent to 1320 mm compared to the modelled value of 1226 mm. Fertilisation is one of the most cost-effective methods of increasing and maintaining the productivity of E.grandis plantations in South Africa. This silvicultural pratice can be optimised by using the foliar nutrient ratios measured in plants at maximum growth as a guideline for fertiliser application. The foiar ratios present at optimum growth are similar across a wide range of plant apecies and can be defined in relation to N. A study was conducted to determine whether the proportions of elements relative to N could be refined specifically for E.grandis through the use of diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) norms. The DRIS norms for N, P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) wer derived from published studies on E.grandis and compared to targer values recommended by Linder (1995) for optimal growth. The DRIS norms for P and K relative to N corresponded to the target values, but the Ca:N and Mg:N ratios were much higher, indicating luxury consumption of theses elements. A similar trend was observed for foliar nutrient ratios calculated from published data on a wide range of plant species. The DRIS appears useful for diagnosing the nutrient status, provided accurate DRIS norms are used and indices are interpreted correctly. In most cases, the diagnosis made using the DRIS indices was confirmed with the optimal ratio approach. Diagnoses made using these techniques indicated that foliar P and K concentrations were sub-optimal at age four years. The results from this trial suggest that there was an apparent temporal separation of resource limitation experienced at this site. Initially, the trees appeared to be constrained by nutrient availability, whereas water was potentially more limiting to growth than nutrient supply at age four years. However, it is highly unlikely that irrigation of forest species would ever be implemented on a operational scale in this country. Rather than pursuing the potential reponses that could be obtained with unlimited water availability, the forest industry in South Africa would benefit greatly from improved fertiliser recommendations. On the basis of the optimal foliar technique and the DRIS approach, foliar ratios of 100 N: 8 P: 35 K: 2.5 Ca: 4 Mg are suggested for optimal growth of E.grandis trees.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Edmar Franco de Paiva Júnior - 2011.pdf: 744162 bytes, checksum: 46586245a417ae64a952e8069cc1b5f6 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Current reference values are lacking for the crop of common bean in the state of Goias. Among the methods used for interpretation of foliar and soil analysis have been the sufficiency ranges, as established by usage and technique of the Integrated System of Diagnosis and Recommendation (DRIS), still in its infancy for most crops. The DRIS has proven effective as a method for nutritional diagnosis in different cultures. Despite the evident application in the foliar results interpretation has currently extended the DRIS to interpret soil data. However has not been used in the bean crop, mainly in the state of Goiás. The aim of this study was to obtain DRIS standards and sufficiency ranges for leaf and soil for bean winter crop in the micro region of Vale do Rio dos Bois – Goiás. Were monitored 31 commercial areas in the winter season of 2010 year, extracting from the same foliar data (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) and soil (Ca, Mg, K, P, S, Zn, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, CTC, V% and MO). The leaf samples were collected at the R5 growth stage (flowering). Were removed 80 leaves per tillage, 20 per quadrant in each point, taking the first mature leaf from the upper leafs. Were removed 80 simple samples of soil per tillage and 20 per quadrant in depth from 0 to 10 cm to form a composite sample that was sent for analysis. To evaluate the productivity was applied a questionnaire to each producer. Standards of soil and leaves have been developed from a population with productivity greater than 2700 kg ha-1 of beans. Most of the established parameters showed disagreement with the theoretical that has now for the state. The standards DRIS and sufficiency range apply to the nutritional diagnosis of common bean in the study area; it is important the develop of regional standards for the common bean crop; mostly of the analyzed chemical attributes of soil was categorized as excessive; it is important to develop regional reference values to the soil in the Goiás State. / Faltam valores de referência atuais para a cultura do feijoeiro comum no estado de Goiás. Dentre os métodos utilizados para interpretação de análise foliar e de solo têm-se as faixas de suficiência, já consagradas pelo uso e a técnica do Sistema Integrado de Diagnose e Recomendação (DRIS), ainda incipiente para a maioria das culturas. O DRIS tem se mostrado eficiente como método para diagnóstico nutricional em diversas culturas. Apesar da evidenciada aplicação na interpretação de resultados foliares, atualmente tem-se estendido o DRIS para interpretar dados de solo. Porém praticamente não tem sido empregado na cultura do feijoeiro, principalmente no Estado de Goiás. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter normas DRIS e faixas de suficiência para folha e solo para o feijoeiro safra de inverno na microrregião do Vale do Rio dos Bois – Goiás. Foram monitoradas 29 áreas comerciais na safra de inverno de 2010, extraindo das mesmas dados foliares (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn) e de solo (Ca, Mg, K, P, S, Zn, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, CTC, V% e MO). As amostras de folha foram coletadas no estádio fenológico R5 (florescimento). Retirou-se 80 folhas por lavoura, sendo 20 por quadrante. Coletou-se a primeira folha madura a partir dos folíolos superiores. Foram retiradas 80 amostras simples de solo por lavoura sendo 20 por quadrante numa profundidade de 0 – 10 cm para compor uma amostra composta que foi enviada para análise. Para avaliação da produtividade aplicou-se um questionário a cada produtor. Foram estabelecidas normas de folha e solo a partir de uma população com produtividade maior que 2700 kg ha-1 de feijão. A grande maioria dos parâmetros estabelecidos apresentou discrepância em relação ao referencial teórico que se tem atualmente para o Estado. As normas DRIS e faixa de suficiência são aplicáveis para o diagnóstico nutricional do feijoeiro comum na região em estudo; é importante o desenvolvimento de normas regionais para a cultura do feijoeiro comum; a maioria dos atributos químicos dos solos analisados ficou categorizada como excessivo; é importante o desenvolvimento de valores regionais de referência para solo no Estado de Goiás.

Quick identification of loblolly pine nutrient deficiencies has troubled foresters who wish to increase productivity through fertilization. In the past, extensive field trials were established that did not allow for quick identification of a large number of possibly limiting nutrients in individual stands. This study used single-tree fertilization with macro-nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) and micro-nutrients (Mn, Zn, B, Cu, Fe, Mo) to identify deficiencies using foliar techniques in one growing season. Four study sites in TX, AL, GA, and SC were established in loblolly pine plantations at or near canopy closure. Nutrient concentrations relative to the critical level, optimal nutrient ratios, DRIS methodology, vector analysis, and changes in individual fascicle and total current year foliage weight/area were used to identify deficiencies. Phosphorus was repeatedly indicated as most limiting growth at TX while K was implicated at SC. The GA site revealed multiple deficiencies including N, K, and S. The AL site revealed only a very suspect B deficiency. Critical level methodology was effective in identifying deficiencies of N, P, and K, while B, S, and Cu appeared to be available at sufficient quantities when concentrations were below the published critical levels. Concentrations of S were especially below the critical levels and not increased by fertilization indicating that the critical levels were too high. Nutrient ratio interpretability was reduced by luxury uptake of N in comparison to other deficient nutrients. DRIS methodology was hampered by the inability to create effective comparative norms. Deficiency detection with vector analysis created problems when B and Mn displayed greater uptake relative to controls than the macro-nutrients that provided relative foliage mass increases. Resulting diagnosis indicated deficiencies when B and Mn were really taken up as luxury consumption. Vector analysis may not be as effective as its individual parts. Foliage weight/area responses detected fewer deficiencies than the other techniques. No significant foliar responses were seen at the TX or AL sites. However, K at the SC site was identified as deficient by all foliage mass variables, and multiple deficiencies were detectable at the GA site. / Master of Science

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit bestand darin, in Modellversuchen in Wasserkultur und im Festsubstrat sowohl elementspezifische (Mg-, Fe-, Mn- oder Zn-Mangel) als auch komplexe N hrstoffmangelsituationen (gleichzeitiger Mangel an Fe, Mn und Zn) zu simulieren und die Wirkung pr ventiver resp. kurativer Blattapplikationen auf Wachstum und Ertrag von Buschbohnenpflanzen zu untersuchen. Zusammengefaát wurden folgende Ergebnisse erzielt. Bei unzureichendem Mg- und Fe-Angebot sowie bei gleichzeitigem Mangel an Fe, Mn und Zn wurden das Wachstum und die Ertragsbildung hochsignifikant vermindert. Die Auswirkungen des Mg-Mangels auf Wachstum und Ertrag wurden durch die pr ventive Blattapplikation erfolgreich ausgeglichen. Die verwendeten Mikron hrstoff-Formulierungen waren bei Fe-Mangel bzw. bei multipler Mikron hrstoff-Unterversorgung, im Gegensatz zu Mn- bzw. Zn-Mangel, weniger wirksam. Aufgrund des N hrstoffmangels w hrend der generativen Phase wurden die gebildeten Bl ten und H lsen abgeworfen. Den Mangelpflanzen erm glichte die Blattapplikation erst die H lsenbildung. Ausschlaggebend f r die H he des H lsenertrages war die Anzahl der gebildeten H lsen, da das H lsengewicht nicht wesentlich beeinfluát wurde. Aufgrund des verminderten N hrstoffangebotes im N hrmedium nahm die Konzentration der betroffenen N hrstoffe im Blatt bis in den kritischen Grenzwertbereich ab. Mit Ausnahme der Fe-Mangelvarianten wirkte die Blattd ngung dieser Abnahme der N hrstoffkonzentration erfolgreich entgegen. Hinsichtlich Wachstum Ertragsbildung und N hrstoffaufnahme wurden, sowohl bei den Mg- als auch bei den Mikron hrstoff-Blattd ngern keine von der Zusammensetzung abh ngigen Wirksamkeitsunterschiede festgestellt. Bez glich der untersuchten Parameter des Wachstums und der Ertragsbildung erwies sich die pr ventive Mg-Blattapplikation der kurativen gegen ber als hochsignifikant berlegen. Derart deutliche Wirksamkeitsunterschiede in Abh ngigkeit vom Applikationszeitpunkt blieben bei den Mikron hrstoff-Blattd ngern aus. Ein Mg- und Mikron hrstoffangebot von 10% im Jugendstadium konnte ein ungest rtes vegetatives Wachstum der Pflanzen gew hrleisten. Eine Mg- bzw. Mikron hrstoff-Unterversorgung der Pflanzen w hrend der generativen Phase bewirkte einen R ckgang des Samenertrages von ber 60% bis 80%. Mit Hilfe der Blattapplikationen w hrend der generativen Phase wurde der Abwurf der reproduktiven Organe hochsignifikant vermindert. Dadurch konnten ber 90% des Samenertrages der Kontrolle erreicht werden. Ungeachtet einer erfolgreichen Impfung mit Rhizobium blieben die Pflanzen ohne N-Startd ngung im Vergleich zu einer Startd ngung mit einer quivalentmenge von 40 kg N/ha bei Wachstum und Ertragsbildung hochsignifikant zur ck. Gemessen am Samenertrag konnten die Auswirkungen des N-Mangels im Jugendstadium durch eine Nachd ngung zu Bl hbeginn nicht mehr ausgeglichen werden. Durch die Kombination Nachd ngung zu Bl hbeginn und Blattapplikation w hrend der Kornf llungsphase wurde die Abscission von reproduktiven Organen signifikant vermindert und die h chste Ertragswirksamkeit erzielt. Unabh ngig von den Behandlungen lag der Rohproteingehalt der Samen bei 20%. Auch die anderen N hrstoffe der Samen lagen im normalen Konzentrationsbereich f r Buschbohne. / The aim of this study was to simulate as well specific (Mg-, Fe-, Mn- and Zn-deficiency) as complex nutrient deficiency situations in model systems using either nutrient solution or solid substrates and to investigate the effect of preventive or curative applications of foliar fertilizers on growth and yield of bean plants. Results may be summarized as follows: Insufficient supply of magnesium and iron or simultaneous deficiency in Fe, Mn and Zn resulted in highly significant reduction of growth and yield of bean plants. Effect of magnesium deficiency on growth and yield could be successfully compensated by preventive foliar fertilization. The applied micronutrient compounds were less successful in the case of iron deficiency or multiple micronutrient deficiency situations as compared to manganese or zinc deficiency. Nutrient deficiency during the generative phase resulted in dropping of flowers and pods. In deficient plants foliar fertilizer application was a precondition for pod formation. Since pod weight was not substantially affected by plant nutrition pod number was the decisive factor for pod yield. As a result of reduced nutrient supply in the substrates leaf concentration of investigated nutrients declined below critical deficiency levels. With exception of the Fe-deficiency variants application of foliar fertilizers successfully compensated for the decrease in leaf nutrient concentrations. The composition of Mg and micronutrient foliar fertilizers did not affect significantly plant growth, yield and nutrient uptake. For the investigated parameters of growth and yield formation preventive foliar application of magnesium fertilizers was significantly more effective as compared to curative application. Such distinctive differences in fertilizer effects with time of application could not be found in micronutrient fertilizers. Mg and micronutrient supply of as low as 10% of optimal supply during juvenile growth phase could guarantee undisturbed vegetative growth. Drastic decrease of magnesium or micronutrient supply during the reproductive phase resulted in a reduction of pod yield up to 60 - 80%. Foliar fertilizer application during the reproductive development significantly reduced dropping of reproductive organs and thus seed yields of more than 90% of control were achieved. Nevertheless after a successful inoculation with Rhizobium plants without a nitrogen start dressing had significantly lower growth and yields than those with a starter fertilization of 40 kg N/ha. With regard to seed yield the effects of nitrogen deficiency during the juvenile phase could not be compensated by late fertilization at the flowering stage. The combination of a late fertilization at the flowering stage and leaf application during pod filling resulted in decreased pod abscission and therefore in highest yields. Independently of treatments the raw protein content of the bean seeds approximated to 20%. Also other nutrients in the seeds were in the adequate range for Phaseolus bean.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_Tese_Leandro_Rampim_p1.pdf: 10356000 bytes, checksum: de1466960bb8af924712f044ad548b7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-20 / Fundação Araucária / There is a growing use of the division of soil sampling in grids to make the recommendation to lime and fertilizer into a system of precision agriculture in western Paraná, disregarding the presence of terraces, essential for soil conservation.Thus, this study, funded by the Araucaria Foundation under agreement with Unioeste (Project 217/2012), aimed: (i) evaluate the spatial variability on the terraces; (ii) define and evaluate the variability of chemical attributes in management units; (iii) evaluation of nutritional balance using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) in units of management in soybean; (iv) determine DRIS norms and appropriate range for the wheat crop; (v) validate the recommendation for phosphorus and potassium fertilization, by modeling the recommendation of lime and fertilizer to the soybean crop (SIRSo) and Table of fertilizer recommendation for soybean grown in Oxisol system. The studies were conducted in areas of cultivation in Guaira/PR, with the the delimitation of areas with Garmin GPS 12, and subsequently georeferenced from two precise points collected GPSs GTR-GII - L1/L2 - Geo Tech in each area, which were corrected with information from Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Was conducted the assessment of soil chemical properties, foliar concentrations of macro and micronutrients except boron, nutritional balance with DRIS, number of plants and productivity.The experiments were performed during the cultivation of soybean crops in 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13 and in the cultivation of wheat in the 2011 season. At the end of the work has been concluded: (i) the sections of the terraces have variability of soil chemical properties, but without interfering in foliar nutrient concentrations and nutrient balance in soybean; (ii) the implementation of precision farming system in western Paraná should be performed with the division of areas in management units, paying attention to the slope, historic area, cropping system, good sense of agronomist and especially the terraces; (iii) in soybean culture can be used for grouping methodology foliar concentrations in soybean in precision agriculture system in conjunction with the assessment of nutritional balance through DRIS, allowing to identify nutritional problems; (iv) in wheat culture, DRIS norms obtained, allows to interpret the nutritional status with adequate range of nutrients in other properties in the region; (v) fertilizer applied in the area of suitable soil chemical attributes, with the Tables of recommendation of the Embrapa or by modeling SIRSo levels do not increase the productivity of soybean, it is possible to omit the phosphate and potassium fertilization, following guidelines of Embrapa / É crescente a utilização da divisão em malhas de amostragem de solo para realizar a recomendação de corretivos e fertilizantes em áreas com sistema de agricultura de precisão na Região Oeste do Paraná, desprezando a presença de terraços, fundamentais para a conservação de solo. Desta forma, o presente trabalho, financiado pela Fundação Araucária do convênio com a Unioeste (Projeto 217/2012), teve como objetivos (i) avaliar a variabilidade espacial nos terraços; (ii) definir e avaliar a variabilidade dos atributos químicos em unidades de manejo; (iii) avaliação do balanço nutricional utilizando o sistema integrado de diagnose e recomendação (DRIS) em unidades de manejo na cultura da soja; (iv) determinar normas DRIS e faixa adequada para a cultura de trigo; (v) validar a recomendação para adubação fosfatada e potássica, por modelagem no sistema de recomendação de corretivos e fertilizantes para a cultura da soja (SIRSo) e Tabela de recomendação de adubação, para a cultura da soja cultivada em Latossolo Vermelho Eutroférrico. Os trabalhos foram realizados em áreas de cultivo no município de Guaíra/PR, com a realização da delimitação das áreas com GPS Garmin 12, e posteriormente georreferenciadas a partir de dois pontos precisos coletados por GPSs GTR-GII L1/L2 Geo Tech em cada área, que foram corrigidos com informações do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Foi realizado a avaliação dos atributos químicos do solo (pH CaCl2, Al+3, H+Al, Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, P, S), teores foliares de macro e micronutrientes, exceto boro, balanço nutricional com o DRIS, número de plantas e produtividade. Os experimentos foram realizados durante o cultivo da soja nas safras 2010/11, 2011/12 e 2012/13 e no cultivo de trigo na safra 2011. Ao final do trabalho foi concluído: (i) as secções dos terraços apresentam variabilidade dos atributos químicos do solo, mas sem interferir nos teores foliares de nutrientes e no balanço nutricional na cultura da soja; (ii) a implantação de sistema de agricultura de precisão na região Oeste do Paraná deve ser realizado com a divisão das propriedade em unidades de manejo, atentando para o declive, histórico da área, sistema de cultivo, bom senso do engenheiro agrônomo e principalmente os terraços; (iii) na cultura da soja é possível utilizar metodologia de agrupamento de teores foliares na cultura da soja em sistema de agricultura de precisão em conjunto com a avaliação do balanço nutricional através do DRIS, permitindo identificar problemas nutricionais (confuso); (iv) na cultura do trigo, as normas DRIS obtidas, permitem interpretar o estado nutricional com faixa adequada dos nutrientes em outras propriedades da região; (v) a adubação aplicada em área com níveis adequados dos atributos químicos do solo, pelas Tabelas de recomendação da Embrapa ou pela modelagem SIRSo não incrementam a produtividade da cultura da soja, sendo possível omitir a adubação fosfatada e potássica, seguindo orientações da Embrapa

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Higor.pdf: 123852 bytes, checksum: e9155c39f1808fcd99ef1ba4ea9cbb09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-06 / Field two experiment were conduted with the aim of establishing DRIS norms for Brachiaria brizanha cv. marandú look at seeds production in the west of the state of São Paulo as an alternative for the nutritional diagnosis of plants. Experiment were conduted in the Modelo Farm of group Fachili,, in the districts of Santo Anastacio, locate in the coordinates UTM a 421.799 Easting e 7555.148 Northing, from November 2003 to October, 2004. The first experiment, answer under NPK in a factorial scheme 4 x3 x 4 being N (30, 130, 230 e 330 Kg N.ha-1), P (0, 75 e 150 Kg de P2O5.ha) e K (0, 100, 200 e 300 kg de K2O.ha-1), appliing urea, simple superphosphate and potássium chloride with nutrients font. The second experiment an test of this doses of Bore was the objective, being 0, 0,5 e 1 KgB.ha-1. The program of collect establishment, the die were subdivide different production (>200; 170-140; 140-110; 110-70; 70-50; < 50 kg seeds pure.ha-1). In the all, the die of bank contemplate 152 observation. The diagnosis by means of system DRIS in the experiment of this doses of bore indicated the diminution DRIS index Bore and the increase of production. The fertilization of potássium chloride generated the readuction DRIS index calcium e magnesium. At the NPK variation, the aplication of this elements when deficient increase the production / Conduziram-se dois experimentos para estabelecer normas DRIS e aplica-las no diagnóstico nutricional para a produção de sementes de Brachiaria brizanha cv marandú no Oeste Paulista. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Modelo do Grupo Facholi, em Santo Anastácio, situadas as coordenadas UTM a 421.799 Leste e 7555.148 Norte, no período de novembro de 2003 a outubro de 2004. O primeiro experimento, em função à resposta NPK em um esquema fatorial 4 x 3 x 4, sendo N (30, 130, 230 e 330 Kg N.ha-1), P (0, 75 e 150 Kg de P2O5.ha-1) e K (0, 100, 200 e 300 kg de K2O.ha-1), utilizando-se uréia, superfosfato simples e cloreto de potássio como fonte dos nutrientes. O segundo experimento com objetivo de testar doses de Boro, sendo 0, 0,5 e 1 KgB.ha. No estabelecimento do programa de coleta, os dados foram subdivididos em diversos níveis de produtividade (>200; 170-140; 140-110; 110-70; 70-50; < 50 kg sementes puras.ha-1). Ao todo, o banco de dados contemplou 152 observações. A diagnose pelo sistema DRIS no experimento com doses crescentes de boro, indicou a diminuição dos índices deficientes de boro e aumento da produção.A aplicação de potássio acarretou em redução dos teores de cálcio e magnésio.Nas variáveis NPK, a aplicação destes elementos quando deficientes aumentou a produção e quando em excesso a produção foi diminuída.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Higor.pdf: 123852 bytes, checksum: e9155c39f1808fcd99ef1ba4ea9cbb09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-06 / Field two experiment were conduted with the aim of establishing DRIS norms for Brachiaria brizanha cv. marandú look at seeds production in the west of the state of São Paulo as an alternative for the nutritional diagnosis of plants. Experiment were conduted in the Modelo Farm of group Fachili,, in the districts of Santo Anastacio, locate in the coordinates UTM a 421.799 Easting e 7555.148 Northing, from November 2003 to October, 2004. The first experiment, answer under NPK in a factorial scheme 4 x3 x 4 being N (30, 130, 230 e 330 Kg N.ha-1), P (0, 75 e 150 Kg de P2O5.ha) e K (0, 100, 200 e 300 kg de K2O.ha-1), appliing urea, simple superphosphate and potássium chloride with nutrients font. The second experiment an test of this doses of Bore was the objective, being 0, 0,5 e 1 KgB.ha-1. The program of collect establishment, the die were subdivide different production (>200; 170-140; 140-110; 110-70; 70-50; < 50 kg seeds pure.ha-1). In the all, the die of bank contemplate 152 observation. The diagnosis by means of system DRIS in the experiment of this doses of bore indicated the diminution DRIS index Bore and the increase of production. The fertilization of potássium chloride generated the readuction DRIS index calcium e magnesium. At the NPK variation, the aplication of this elements when deficient increase the production / Conduziram-se dois experimentos para estabelecer normas DRIS e aplica-las no diagnóstico nutricional para a produção de sementes de Brachiaria brizanha cv marandú no Oeste Paulista. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Modelo do Grupo Facholi, em Santo Anastácio, situadas as coordenadas UTM a 421.799 Leste e 7555.148 Norte, no período de novembro de 2003 a outubro de 2004. O primeiro experimento, em função à resposta NPK em um esquema fatorial 4 x 3 x 4, sendo N (30, 130, 230 e 330 Kg N.ha-1), P (0, 75 e 150 Kg de P2O5.ha-1) e K (0, 100, 200 e 300 kg de K2O.ha-1), utilizando-se uréia, superfosfato simples e cloreto de potássio como fonte dos nutrientes. O segundo experimento com objetivo de testar doses de Boro, sendo 0, 0,5 e 1 KgB.ha. No estabelecimento do programa de coleta, os dados foram subdivididos em diversos níveis de produtividade (>200; 170-140; 140-110; 110-70; 70-50; < 50 kg sementes puras.ha-1). Ao todo, o banco de dados contemplou 152 observações. A diagnose pelo sistema DRIS no experimento com doses crescentes de boro, indicou a diminuição dos índices deficientes de boro e aumento da produção.A aplicação de potássio acarretou em redução dos teores de cálcio e magnésio.Nas variáveis NPK, a aplicação destes elementos quando deficientes aumentou a produção e quando em excesso a produção foi diminuída.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The high demand and response of potatoes to the addition of nutrients to the soil provides attention to relevant aspects related to fertility (application, quantity, sources). Adequate fertilization allows a balance between soil and plant nutrients, resulting in excellent returns for farmers and better quality produce for consumers. This study evaluated the development, productivity and quality of potato tubers, cultivar Asterix, after the application of two sources of potassium fertilizers and their combinations (KCl and K2SO4.2MgSO4), as well as nutrient absorption and nutritional diagnosis. The experiment was conducted in the county of Perdizes (MG). The experimental design was a randomized block with nine treatments and four replications as a split plot factorial. Plots were the treatments while subplots were plant sampling dates (biweekly). The amount of nutrients (N, P and K) used was based on physical and chemical analyses of soil and crop demand. Ninety quilograms of N, 180 kg of K2O and 750 kg of P2O5 were applied per hectare. Treatments consisted of application of the K2O dose in combinations of two sources of potassium fertilizer (KCl and K2SO4.2MgSO4). In general, the combination of sources of potassium fertilizers favors the accumulation of dry leaf, stem and tuber matter, with a quadratic response for leaves and stems and linear for tubers. Some proportions between the sources favored the accumulation of K in leaves and stems; however, these were not different from the application of each source alone. There was a gradual accumulation increase in the tubers during the crop cycle, with the greatest accumulations when the fertilizer proportions of the two sources of fertilizer were applied. The application of 100% of the fertilizer as KCl showed greater Cl accumulation in leaves, stems and tubers; however, not different from some combinations with K2SO4.2MgSO4. The order of deficiency obtained from the DRIS, in areas of high and low productivity were, respectively: Mn> Zn> P> Cu> K> Mg> Fe> B> N> S> Ca and Mg> Zn> K> Mn > Ca> P> B> S> Cu> N> Fe, whereas the order of excess were P> Fe> Mg> Zn> Mn> B> Ca> O> N> Cu> K and Cu> Zn> Fe> B> N> S> Mg> P> Mn> K> Ca. The nutritional unbalances obtained by IBN showed that soil nutrient levels should be monitored, looking for the improvement in nutrient dynamics along the successive crops. Productivity, percentage of soluble solids, total sugars, reducing sugars, starch, tuber dry matter, moisture and ash contents did not differ between sources of potassium fertilizers: KCl and K2SO4.2MgSO4 and their combinations, for cv. Asterix at the dose of 180 kg K2O ha-1, possibly because the amount applied was not sufficient to reflect the potential deleterious effects of chlorine. / A alta exigência e a resposta da cultura de batata à adição dos nutrientes ao solo proporcionam relevante atenção aos aspectos relacionados à fertilidade (aplicação, quantidade, fontes). A adubação adequada permite um balanço entre os nutrientes no solo e na planta, o que culmina em excelentes rendimentos aos produtores e produtos de melhor qualidade aos consumidores. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento, a produtividade e a qualidade de tubérculos de batata, cultivar Asterix, frente à aplicação de duas fontes de fertilizantes potássicos e as combinações destas (KCl e K2SO4.2MgSO4), bem como a absorção de nutrientes e a diagnose nutricional. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Perdizes-MG, de maio a outubro de 2011. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com nove tratamentos e quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial com parcela subdividida. As parcelas referiram-se aos tratamentos, e as subparcelas às épocas de coletas de plantas (quinzenais). A quantidade de nutrientes (N, P e K) utilizada foi baseada na análise física e química do solo e na necessidade da cultura. Foram aplicados 90 kg ha-1 de N, 180 kg ha-1 de K2O e 750 kg ha-1 de P2O5. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação da dose de K2O sob a combinação de duas fontes de fertilizantes potássicos (KCl e K2SO4.2MgSO4). Em geral, a combinação entre as fontes de fertilizantes potássicos favorece o acúmulo de massa seca de folhas, hastes e tubérculos, com resposta quadrática para folhas e hastes e linear para tubérculos. Algumas proporções entre as fontes favorece o acúmulo de K em folhas e hastes, porém não difere da aplicação de forma isolada. Nos tubérculos há aumento gradativo com o decorrer do ciclo, sendo os maiores acúmulos onde as proporções entre as duas fontes do fertilizante é aplicado. A aplicação de 100% do fertilizante via KCl apresentou maiores acúmulos de Cl em folhas, hastes e tubérculos, porém não se diferiu de algumas combinações com K2SO4.2MgSO4. As ordens de deficiência, obtidas a partir do DRIS, nas áreas de alta e baixa produtividade foram respectivamente: Mn>Zn>P>Cu>K>Mg>Fe>B>N>S>Ca e Mg>Zn>K>Mn>Ca>P>B> S>Cu>N>Fe, ao passo que a ordem de excesso observada foram P>Fe>Mg>Zn>Mn>B>Ca>S>N>Cu>K e Cu>Zn>Fe>B>N>S>Mg>P>Mn>K>Ca. Os desbalanços nutricionais obtidos pelo IBN evidenciam que os níveis de nutrientes no solo devem ser acompanhados, buscando melhoria na dinâmica dos nutrientes ao longo dos cultivos sucessivos. A produtividade, a porcentagem de sólidos solúveis, os açúcares totais, os açúcares redutores, o amido, a massa seca de tubérculos, a umidade e as cinzas não diferem entre as fontes de fertilizantes potássicos: KCl e K2SO4.2MgSO4 e combinações entre elas, na cv. Asterix, na dose de 180 kg ha-1 de K2O, possivelmente a quantidade aplicada não foi suficiente para refletir o potencial efeito deletério do cloro. / Mestre em Agronomia