The purpose of this study was to determine if specific characteristics of male students in a low socio-economic urban setting predispose them to successful high school completion. Rather than focusing on dropouts, this research focused on male students who are successful high school completers. They were compared to one another in order to find correlations among variables which made them successful in completing high school. While research exists detailing the reasons students choose to drop out of school, the factors that lead to successful graduation from high school have yet to be determined. This research addresses that gap. This study addresses two research questions: (a) are there common factors among male students from a low socio-economic urban setting which predispose them to successful high school completion and (b) what are the common factors among male students from a low socio-economic urban setting which predispose them to successful high school completion? The information found in the review of related literature and research indicated that the variables (preschool education participation, sports/extracurricular activity participation, family configuration, participation in faith-based organizations, parents’ educational attainment, sibling educational attainment, attendance, parental employment, participation in vocational studies, and participation in tutoring programs for high stakes exit exams) were appropriate for this study. An instrument was piloted to obtain information on the variables. Forty male students were randomly selected from 240 male students who graduated from Meridian High School during the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 school years. After collecting and analyzing the data using binomial distribution and chi-square analysis, the researcher drew several conclusions. Preschool participation, sibling educational attainment, attendance, family configuration, participation in a faith-based organization, parent educational attainment, parent employment, vocational program participation, and extracurricular activity/sport participation were reported by participants at statistically significant frequencies which could not be attributed to chance. The chi-square values indicate nine of the fiftyour possible variable pairs have statistically significant correlations. Conclusions and recommendations based on the findings of this study indicate that certain characteristics of students do contribute to high school completion. This study should be replicated with a larger sample in other locations to validate the findings.

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The overall aim of this study has been to deepen the understanding of the phenomenon ofboy’s school dropout and whether there are other explanations than sociological ones. Thestudy has focused on what students and teachers perceive as factors for success and failure inschool and if there are gender differences. Furthermore,the study has targeted students andteacher's perceptions of pedagogical structure design on teaching and examination forms. Themethod has been mixed; both qualitative and quantitative with an abductive approach -discovery logic and hypothesis testing. The empirical data of the study consists of two parts, aqualitative one with four teacher interviews and a mixed one - both qualitative andquantitative - with 100 student questionnaires. The theory was critical and based on Bernsteinwho stated that school has its own acoustics. This study has confirmed Bernstein’s theory ofpedagogy and his concept of grammar. The result showed that there are biological as well associological explanations related to success or failure in school. The results also showedsignificance in the gender difference between which form of teaching boys and girls prefer,girls prefer more than boys to read and write. According to the interview responses of theteachers the result was that boys are more immature and practical than girls, who are moretheoretical. Boys seem to also have a larger memory while girls think a step further.Furthermore, the results showed that girls struggle more and are better at analyzing, boys putthemselves lower and settle for a passing grade. Boys are not as literate as girls and there is adifference between the sexes.It has also emerged in the study that girls are treated differently.

Educational attainment in the U.S. continues to be marred by racial and socioeconomic (SES) disparities. Despite decades of research on the predictors of attainment and the decreases in dropout rates, minority-race and low-income youth continue to dropout at higher rates than their White and wealthy peers. Therefore, the question remains, why do many students persist while some drop out? To better understand attainment, an analysis of a nationally representative sample within which attainment is evaluated as part of a process of grade advancement and the nuanced nature that the timing, frequency, and severity of previous life events have on a child’s educational path are addressed is needed. The study presented here is a first step to evaluate the effects of residential mobility and school exclusion history on the attainment of a cohort of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). First, patterns of school exclusion, residential mobility, and dropout over the study period were outlined. Next, the relationships between predictors of dropout and dropout examined. Finally, the effects of the frequency and timing of residential mobility, school exclusion, and other predictors on attainment were explored using discrete time survival analysis. Findings indicate the potential utility of these methods in future research to better understand the process of dropout so more informed interventions can be designed to serve students. / Urban Education

The JROTC program is one of service and commitment. Its mission is to build better citizens and give them a sense of pride in service to their fellow man. Today these core principles are still needed, but with the increase in the student dropout rate, the JROTC program can be one of many alternatives needed to help public education reach today's youth who are struggling to stay in school. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to examine the impact of the Air Force JROTC Leadership Program on the grade point average (GPA), attendance rate, disciplinary referrals, and dropout rate of JROTC students at an urban high school in southeastern Virginia. The study also addressed the perceptions of school administrators, Air Force JROTC instructors, teachers, JROTC students and their parents on students enrolled in the program during the 2005-2009 school years. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the means, standard deviations and frequency distributions for the groups in the study. Three independent sample t-tests and seven one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA's) were used to determine where there was a statistically significant difference for each group. The Tukey post hoc procedure was used to determine where the difference occurred in the variables. There were three major findings revealed in this study. The first finding indicated that students who participated in the JROTC program had lower grade point averages (M =2.47, SD = 1.17) than non-JROTC participants (M = 3.00, SD = 0.94). Second, administrators had higher levels of agreement (100%) than AFJROTC instructors, teachers, JROTC students and parents that leadership skills were developed in the AFJROTC program. Third, JROTC students (12%) and parents (7%) had lower levels of agreement than administrators, AFJROTC instructors and teachers that the AFJROTC program is used as a recruitment tool. Focus groups results showed strong support for the program from administrators, teachers, JROTC students and parents. These findings suggest that if school districts and educational leaders are to benefit from implementing the AFJROTC program they must understand that the program is not designed to impact academics. The program is designed to develop leadership skills along with helping students become better citizens. Educational leaders in school districts should read the findings and consider utilizing the program as a possible alternative to help students to develop skills to keep them from dropping out of school. / Ph. D.

The purpose of this study was to record and analyze students' experiences with dropping out of high school within a social capital framework. Discussing the stories of high school dropouts provided valuable information related to the root causes of dropout behaviors in a social capital context. This information can be used to develop programs designed to increase social capital in schools, families, and communities, which can contribute to a decrease in dropout behaviors. This phenomenological study took a narratological research approach that focused on collecting the lived experiences of high school dropouts within a social capital framework. The context of this study was a high school in an urban school division in Southwestern Virginia. The participants were five high school dropouts who speak English as a primary language and were a part of the general education population at the high school. Triangulation of data sources included field notes, interviews with the participants, and archival documents. A three-iteration code mapping procedure was used for data analysis to provide an audit trail. Narrative descriptions of the life histories of each participant were written. The overarching themes resulting from the analysis across the narratives were that none of the students had relationships with members of their families or communities who had the capacity to assist them in their endeavors to complete school; students had the desire to complete school or obtain a GED, but did not have a relationship with any person outside of the school setting who was persistent with encouragement and knowledge; and the students had access to social capital, but did not understand how to use it effectively. Results and conclusions are included in two articles, one written for publication in Sociology of Education, and the other written for publication in Professional School Counseling. / Ph. D.

The purpose of this study was to analyze high school graduation rates from prior academic achievement, attendance, and behavior in one school system over 4 years. The study addressed three questions, which of the students included in this study dropped out of high school, how exclusionary discipline affected students' attendance at school and their ability to graduate. In addition, for the students who dropped out, what was their exclusionary discipline rate, what was their chronic absenteeism rate, and what was the leading cause of students not graduating on time? By examining specific predictors, we can gain insight into why some students fail to graduate high school on time or drop out early. Keeping track of essential indicators such as attendance, behavior, and academic achievement in the classroom will increase the likelihood of students graduating after 4 years of high school. Using the comparative case study approach, this study compared four cohorts of students who graduated from one urban high school. A correlational, nonexperimental design was used. After the data were analyzed, using descriptive statistics and mean averages of the variables, it was discovered that, across three of the four study cohort clusters, there was a consistent overrepresentation of Hispanic male English language learners (ELLs) who experienced some type of exclusionary discipline, and who failed their Standards of Learning English reading/writing and mathematics assessments leading to them dropping out of school. As a result of tracking students' academics, attendance, and behaviors, schools can design professional development for teachers and school administrators to identify at-risk students early and assist them in preventing failure. In the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, academic warning indicator systems must be more representative of diverse student populations. This research supplements past fieldwork on this topic. / Doctor of Education / The purpose of this study was to analyze high school graduation rates from prior academic achievement, attendance, and behavior in one school system over 4 years. The study addressed three questions, which of the students included in this study dropped out of high school, how exclusionary discipline affected students' attendance at school and their ability to graduate. In addition, for the students who dropped out, what was their exclusionary discipline rate, what was their chronic absenteeism rate, and what was the leading cause of students not graduating on time? Using the comparative case study approach, this study compared four cohorts of students who graduated from one urban high school. A correlational, nonexperimental design was used. After the data were analyzed, using descriptive statistics and mean averages of the variables, it was discovered that, across three of the four study cohort clusters, there was a consistent overrepresentation of Hispanic male English language learners (ELLs) who experienced some type of exclusionary discipline and who failed their Standards of Learning English reading/writing and mathematics assessments leading to them dropping out of school. As a result of tracking students' academics, attendance, and behaviors, schools can design professional development for teachers and school administrators to identify at-risk students early and assist them in preventing failure.