The context of this study is the increasing need for public transport as issues over high private vehicle usage are becoming increasingly obvious. Public transport services need to compete with private transport to improve patronage, and issues with reliability need to be addressed. Bus bunching affects reliability through disruptions to the scheduled headways. The purpose of this study was to collect and analyse data to compare how travel time and dwell time vary, to explore the variation of key variables, and to better understand the sources of these variations. The Orbiter bus service in Christchurch was used as a case study, as it is particularly vulnerable to bus bunching. The dwell time was found to be more variable than travel time. It appeared the Canterbury earthquake had significantly reduced the average speeds for the Orbiter service. In 1964, Newell and Potts described a basic bus bunching theory, which was used as the basis for an Excel bus bunching model. This model allows input variables to vary stochastically. Random values were generated from four specified distributions derived from manually collected data, allowing variance across all bus platforms and buses. However the complexity resulted in stability and difficulty in achieving convergence, so the model was run in single Monte Carlo simulations. The outputs were realistic and showed a higher degree of bunching behaviour than previous models. The model demonstrated bunching phenomena that had not been observed in previous models, including spontaneously un-pairing, overtaking of buses delayed at platforms, and odd-numbered bunches of three buses. Furthermore, the study identified areas of further research for data collection and model development.

Inspirados na fenomenologia de Martin Heidegger compreendemos que habitar é o modo de ser do homem invariavelmente determinado pela condição ontológica de sua espacialidade. O caminho reflexivo que orienta essa perspectiva compreensiva nos possibilita entrar em contato com outros sentidos para as noções de homem, mundo, espaço, dentre outras que buscaremos esmiuçar no decorrer dessa pesquisa que são bastante diversos das tradicionais representações metafísicas e conceituais. O método fenomenológico e a possibilidade de suspensão das hipostasias metafísicas de compreensão dos modos de ser do homem permitem que, de fato, a atenção se concentre sobre a experiência, ao mesmo tempo em que nos desperta a crítica para as universalizações das teorias que buscam empreender verdades essenciais sobre o homem. Esse trabalho busca pensar de forma hermenêutica o habitar em face às condições e determinações do mundo frente à experiência / Inspired by Martin Heidegger\'s phenomenology we understand that to inhabit is the mode of being of man invariably determined by the ontological condition of its spatiality. The reflective path that guides this comprehensive perspective enables us to get in touch with other meanings for the notions of man, world, space, among others that we will try to sketch during of this research that are quite different from the traditional metaphysical and conceptual representations. The phenomenological method and the possibility of suspending the metaphysical hypostasis of understanding man\'s modes of being, allow attention to concentrate on experience at the same time as the criticism of the universalizations of the theories that seek to undertake essential truths about man. This work seeks to think in a hermeneutical way of dwelling in the face of the conditions and determinations of the world in the face of experience

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-03-29T13:35:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Cristina de Oliveira Furtado - 2018.pdf: 12936775 bytes, checksum: bd5df4b88b7bb983955a7c9d84fb6f01 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-03-29T13:38:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Cristina de Oliveira Furtado - 2018.pdf: 12936775 bytes, checksum: bd5df4b88b7bb983955a7c9d84fb6f01 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-29T13:38:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Cristina de Oliveira Furtado - 2018.pdf: 12936775 bytes, checksum: bd5df4b88b7bb983955a7c9d84fb6f01 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-26 / The present master thesis deals with the spaces of refuge existing in the surroundings of the city of Pirenópolis and what are the material and symbolic elements that bring to these places an atmosphere of cosiness and peace. In big cities, man is increasingly disconnected from nature and therefore some people seek to inhabit less urbanized places. Among the motivations is the feeling of security, decreasing in the city. The nature that inspired danger today is the place of protection of modern life. The theoretical discussion covers several areas of study that are in line with the architectural phenomenology approach. Within this context, the philosopher Gaston Bachelard and architect Christian Norberg-Schulz form the basis of the analysis methodology. A tectonic expression and the sensorial aspects of the complementary spaces or theoretical referentials, being important in the realized analyzes. All of them are in tune with the postmodern paradigms of contemporary dwelling, where the object of study is located. The data gathering was carried out through bibliographical, documentary and field research. The interviews are of the type unstandardized and were made with residents of the spaces of refuge. In the final chapter, the analysis of three houses was first carried out, detailing the information about them. In a second moment, the analysis is based on the outstanding elements of the theoretical reference, where besides the three spatialities highlighted, there are also symbolic and sensorial aspects of other raised domestic refuges. In this way, the research proposed to understand ways of living that are in contact with nature and that establish a deep connection between the inhabitant and the place. It is also observed how the theories related to the phenomenology of the architecture are present in the spaces studied. / A presente dissertação trata dos espaços de refúgio existentes nos arredores da cidade de Pirenópolis e quais são os elementos materiais e simbólicos que trazem a esses lugares uma atmosfera de aconchego e paz. Nas grandes cidades o homem está cada vez mais desconectado da natureza e, por isso, algumas pessoas buscam habitar lugares menos urbanizados. Entre as motivações está a sensação de segurança, cada vez menor na urbe. A natureza que inspirava perigo hoje é o lugar de proteção da vida moderna. A discussão teórica abrange diversas áreas de estudos que estão em consonância com a abordagem da fenomenologia da arquitetura. Dentro deste contexto, o filósofo Gaston Bachelard e o arquiteto Christian Norberg-Schulz formam a base principal da metodologia de análise. A expressão tectônica e os aspectos sensoriais dos espaços complementam o referencial teórico, sendo importantes nas análises realizadas. Todos eles estão afinados com os paradigmas pós-modernos do habitar contemporâneo, onde se localiza o objeto de estudo. O levantamento de dados foi realizado através de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo. As entrevistas são do tipo despadronizadas e foram feitas com moradores dos espaços de refúgio. No capítulo final estão as análises de três casas, com detalhes das informações sobre as mesmas. Em um segundo momento, a análise parte de elementos destacados do referencial teórico, onde, além das três espacialidades destacadas, figuram também aspectos simbólicos e sensoriais de outros refúgios domésticos levantados. Desta forma, a pesquisa se propôs a compreender modos de habitar que estão em contato com a natureza e que estabelecem uma profunda conexão entre o habitante e o lugar. Observou-se ainda como as teorias relacionadas à fenomenologia da arquitetura estão presentes nos espaços estudados.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2014-09-15T14:23:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Isabela M S de Andrade.pdf: 5847524 bytes, checksum: e7cb2a64813557ff286033164e5a02b2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Rejected by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com), reason: indicar membros da banca. on 2014-09-21T00:11:14Z (GMT) / Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2014-10-13T14:03:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Isabela M S de Andrade.pdf: 5847524 bytes, checksum: e7cb2a64813557ff286033164e5a02b2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-20T17:31:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Isabela M S de Andrade.pdf: 5847524 bytes, checksum: e7cb2a64813557ff286033164e5a02b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-20T17:31:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Isabela M S de Andrade.pdf: 5847524 bytes, checksum: e7cb2a64813557ff286033164e5a02b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Tell the story of a place involves conceptual operations that relate to urban practices within what we might call a history of dwelling relating to this urban daily life and existential dimension of an inhabited place . Talk about a place to live and this place are distinct experiences . The watchful eye , which conceptualizes architectures , define styles and epochs , it is the same who inhabits the space. The study of home and ways of living appears within a discussion that involves architecture and urbanism , design , sociology , anthropology and other various aspects of research that relate to the experience of space and place distinctly . Under this process, the contributions referred to this type of research serve as support for discussion of home and existential place . The house appears as phenomenological field of study to think about not only the ways to build and register the architectural styles at a particular time , but also the ways of living and relating to space . Thus faces , considering the aspects of the history of the house , this research aims to understand how a place has been changed and modified over time and , in particular , how a particular home can bring important information about the memory and history of a way of living . Studies the primary home starting from a common home , the home of Mr. and Mrs. José Félix Louza Irene Felix Louza , located at Avenida Paranaíba with 09 Street , in the city center of Goiânia , project conducted by renowned architect David Libeskind . The study refers to its modern architecture and style , as well as patterns of living and live this space , which , from 1952 , date of the beginning of its construction , was established as culturally " modern house " . We may , from that, think of the ways of living of its inhabitants in a Goiania still unpaved and thereby appropriating this discourse of modern housing to ask ourselves : How can we belong to a place that is not ours ? Like this place - segregated territory or approached its inhabitants and how the assimilation of the concept of modernity and the real experience of that space was possible? Divided the work into three chapters : the first deals with the material elements of the file, a historical and architectural context , the second discusses succinctly the concept of modern home and its Brazilian styles , applying it to the object of study , the third chapter discusses the symbolic relations with the residents of the house in your inner space , analyzing the changes over the years . The final considerations intend to infer the proposal to think of ways of reframing of space inherent to its architecture and its aesthetic , thinking of lived spaces , reinvented and they bring in their internal arrangements private configuration , using the methodology of History and Theory Interartes based investigative . Modern architecture, with all its magnificence sterility and cold , imposing a way of life by placing man in space . However , although this spatial configuration is observed , no other way to live , particularly that overrides this materiality of place / Contar a história de um lugar envolve operações conceituais que se relacionam às práticas urbanas dentro do que podemos chamar de uma história do habitar, relacionando a este o cotidiano urbano e a dimensão existencial de um lugar habitado. Falar de um lugar e viver esse lugar são experiências distintas. O olhar observador, que conceitua arquiteturas, define estilos e épocas, não é o mesmo de quem habita o espaço. O estudo da casa e dos modos de morar aparece dentro de uma discussão que envolve a arquitetura e o urbanismo, o design, a sociologia, a antropologia e outras várias vertentes de pesquisa que relacionam a experiência do espaço e do lugar distintamente. No âmbito desse processo, as contribuições referidas a esse tipo de pesquisa servem como suporte para a discussão da casa como lugar existencial. A casa fenomenológica aparece como campo de estudo para se pensar não apenas os modos de construir e registrar os estilos arquitetônicos em uma determinada época, mas também os modos de morar e de se relacionar com o espaço. Dessarte, considerando os aspectos da história da casa, esta pesquisa propõe entender como um lugar vem sendo alterado e modificado ao longo do tempo e, em particular, como uma determinada casa pode trazer informações importantes sobre a memória e a história de um modo de habitar. Estuda a casa primordial partindo de uma casa comum, a casa do Sr. José Félix Louza e Sra. Irene Félix Louza, localizada à Avenida Paranaíba com Rua 09, no Centro da cidade de Goiânia, projeto realizado pelo renomado arquiteto David Libeskind. O estudo se refere à sua arquitetura moderna e estilo, bem como aos modos de morar e viver este espaço, o qual, a partir de 1952, data do início de sua construção, foi culturalmente instituído como “casa moderna”. Podemos, a partir disso, pensar nos modos de viver de seus habitantes em uma Goiânia ainda sem asfalto e, com isso, apropriarmo-nos desse discurso de moradia moderna ao nos perguntar: Como podemos pertencer a um lugar que não é nosso? Como esse lugar-território aproximou ou segregou seus habitantes e como essa assimilação entre o conceito de modernidade e a vivência real desse espaço foi possível? Divide-se o trabalho em três capítulos: o primeiro trata dos elementos materiais do arquivo, num contexto histórico e arquitetônico; o segundo aborda de maneira o conceito de casa moderna brasileira e seus estilos, aplicando-o ao objeto de estudo; o terceiro capítulo aborda as relações simbólicas da casa com os moradores no seu espaço interno, analisando as alterações ocorridas ao longo dos anos. As considerações finais pretendem inferir a proposta de se pensar em meios de ressignificação do espaço inerentes à sua arquitetura e à sua ordem estética, pensar em espaços vividos, reinventados e que trazem em sua configuração interna arranjos particulares, usando da metodologia da História e da Teoria Interartes1 como base investigativa. A arquitetura moderna, com toda sua esterilidade e magnificência fria, impõe um modo de vida ao situar o homem no espaço. Todavia, embora essa configuração espacial seja observada, há outro modo de habitar, particular, que se sobrepõe a essa materialidade do lugar.

<p>This master’s thesis deals with studies of lateral and vertical carrier transport Dot-in- </p><p>a-Well (DWELL) Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors (QDIPs). During the pro ject, </p><p>devices have been developed and tested using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spec- </p><p>trometer with the purpose to find the processes governing the flow of photocurrent in </p><p>the different kinds of detectors, the dark current magnitude in the vertical Quantum Dot </p><p>Infrared Photodetector (QDIP) and the Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) </p><p>and the light polarization dependences for the vertical QDIP and the QWIP. </p><p>The lateral carrier transport DWELL QDIP was found to have poor conduction </p><p>in the well mainly due to re-trapping of electrons in this region. The main process gov- </p><p>erning the flow of photocurrent for this type of device at 77K is photo-excitation from </p><p>the Quantum Dot (QD)s to the excited state in the Quantum Well (QW) and further </p><p>thermal excitation. If the electrons are mainly transported in the matrix or the well at </p><p>77K is presently not clear. </p><p>For the vertical carrier transport DWELL QDIP at 77K, the wavelength response </p><p>could be tuned by altering the applied voltage. At higher voltages, the dominant process </p><p>was found to be photo-excitation from the QDs to the excited state in the QW followed </p><p>by thermal assisted tunneling into the GaAs-matrix. At lower voltages, photo-excitation </p><p>from the QDs directly into the the GaAs-matrix was the predominant process. The dark </p><p>current level in the vertical QDIPs was found to be 1.5 to 5 orders of magnitude smaller </p><p>than for the QWIP measured at 77K. Furthermore, the QDIP was found to be close to </p><p>polarization independent. As expected the QWIP had a reduced sensitivity to normal </p><p>incident light. The existence of this signal was attributed to interface scattering of light </p><p>inside the device.</p>

This master’s thesis deals with studies of lateral and vertical carrier transport Dot-in- a-Well (DWELL) Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors (QDIPs). During the pro ject, devices have been developed and tested using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spec- trometer with the purpose to find the processes governing the flow of photocurrent in the different kinds of detectors, the dark current magnitude in the vertical Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetector (QDIP) and the Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) and the light polarization dependences for the vertical QDIP and the QWIP. The lateral carrier transport DWELL QDIP was found to have poor conduction in the well mainly due to re-trapping of electrons in this region. The main process gov- erning the flow of photocurrent for this type of device at 77K is photo-excitation from the Quantum Dot (QD)s to the excited state in the Quantum Well (QW) and further thermal excitation. If the electrons are mainly transported in the matrix or the well at 77K is presently not clear. For the vertical carrier transport DWELL QDIP at 77K, the wavelength response could be tuned by altering the applied voltage. At higher voltages, the dominant process was found to be photo-excitation from the QDs to the excited state in the QW followed by thermal assisted tunneling into the GaAs-matrix. At lower voltages, photo-excitation from the QDs directly into the the GaAs-matrix was the predominant process. The dark current level in the vertical QDIPs was found to be 1.5 to 5 orders of magnitude smaller than for the QWIP measured at 77K. Furthermore, the QDIP was found to be close to polarization independent. As expected the QWIP had a reduced sensitivity to normal incident light. The existence of this signal was attributed to interface scattering of light inside the device.

An accelerated high cycle fatigue testing approach is presented to determine the fatigue endurance limit of materials at high frequencies. Base excitation of a tapered plaque driven into a high frequency resonance mode allows the test to be completed in a significantly shorter time. This high cycle fatigue testing is performed using the tracked sine resonance search and dwell strategy. The controller monitors the structural health during the test. Any change in the dynamic response indicates crack initiation in the material. In addition, a shape optimization finite element model is conducted for the design of the tapered plaques. An integrated neural (Neural-Network) genetic (NSGA_II) optimization technique is implemented to carry out the shape optimization for this component. This process results in a significant reduction in the computational cost. A Pareto set is then produced that meets the designer&rsquo;s requirements and provides the decision maker several alternatives to choose from.

No description available.

An accelerated high cycle fatigue testing approach is presented to determine the fatigue endurance limit of materials at high frequencies. Base excitation of a tapered plaque driven into a high frequency resonance mode allows the test to be completed in a significantly shorter time. This high cycle fatigue testing is performed using the tracked sine resonance search and dwell strategy. The controller monitors the structural health during the test. Any change in the dynamic response indicates crack initiation in the material. In addition, a shape optimization finite element model is conducted for the design of the tapered plaques. An integrated neural (Neural-Network) genetic (NSGA_II) optimization technique is implemented to carry out the shape optimization for this component. This process results in a significant reduction in the computational cost. A Pareto set is then produced that meets the designer&rsquo;s requirements and provides the decision maker several alternatives to choose from.

How are homeless individuals, who have no access to private space yet still have the same needs of dwelling as the rest of us, regarded when they exercise their right to dwell? This question guided my research of Edmontons Tent City, which emerged during the summer of 2007. Interviews with twenty-two individuals, including with encampment residents, service providers, and state officials, informed a broader understanding of why the encampment emerged at the time that it did; how Edmontons public spaces accommodate the homeless; and, how Tent City shaped municipal and provincial policy on housing and homelessness. Homeless campers saw Tent City as home, while state management focused on excluding homeless campers from the downtown public space to restore order to the streets of Edmonton, as well as their positive public image. Tent City constituted a claim by homeless campers to occupy public space and be represented as part of the public but hitherto this has been met with increased strategies of dispersement and exclusion rather than with an expansion of citizenship rights. I argue that Tent City illuminates the states preoccupation with regulating the visibility of homeless individuals rather than focusing on the dwelling needs of homeless campers.