Neste trabalho é apresentado o desenvolvimento de instrumentação eletrônica para controle e automação de um sistema de crescimento de semicondutores por Epitaxia por Feixes Moleculares. Envolve uma variedade de circuitos analógicos e digitais como: um módulo de aquisição de dados e controle baseado em uma UCP Z-80, contendo algumas interfaces digitais e analógicas multiplexadas, e comunicando-se com um microcomputador através de uma interface serial. Envolve ainda o desenvolvimento de controladores de temperatura analógicos tipo P.I.D., atuação por motores de passo e circuitos de condicionamento de sinal. / In this work is presented the development of electronic instrumentation for automation and control of a Molecular Beam Epitaxy semiconductor growth system. A variety of analog and digital instrumentation circuits have been designed and implemented, including a data acquisition and control system based on a Z-80 CPU, which controls some multiplexed digital and analog interfaces and talks to a microcomputer using serial communication. Other circuits have been also developed, including analog temperature controllers, stepper motor actuators and circuits for signal conditioning.

L’importance de la documentation du patrimoine culturel croit parallèlement aux risques auxquels il est exposé tels que les guerres, le développement urbain incontrôlé, les catastrophes naturelles, la négligence et les techniques ou stratégies de conservation inappropriées. De plus, la documentation constitue un outil fondamental pour l'évaluation, la conservation, le suivi et la gestion du patrimoine culturel. Dès lors, cet outil majeur nous permet d’estimer la valeur historique, scientifique, sociale et économique de ce patrimoine. Selon plusieurs institutions internationales dédiées à la conservation du patrimoine culturel, il y a un besoin réel de développer et d’adapter de solutions informatiques capables de faciliter et de soutenir la documentation du patrimoine culturel peu documenté surtout dans les pays en développement où il y a un manque flagrant de ressources. Parmi ces pays, la Palestine représente un cas d’étude pertinent dans cette problématique de carence en documentation de son patrimoine. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous proposons une approche d’acquisition et d’extraction de connaissances patrimoniales dans un contexte peu documenté. Nous prenons comme cas d’étude l’église de la Nativité en Palestine et nous mettons en place notre approche théorique par le développement d’une plateforme d’acquisition et d’extraction de connaissances patrimoniales à l’aide d’un Framework pour la documentation de patrimoine culturel.Notre solution est basée sur les technologies sémantiques, ce qui nous donne la possibilité, dès le début, de fournir une description ontologique riche, une meilleure structuration de l'information, un niveau élevé d'interopérabilité et un meilleur traitement automatique (lisibilité par les machines) sans efforts additionnels.De plus, notre approche est évolutive et réciproque car l’acquisition de connaissance (sous forme structurée) améliore l’extraction de connaissances patrimoniales à partir de texte non structuré et vice versa. Dès lors, l’interaction entre les deux composants de notre système ainsi que les connaissances patrimoniales se développent et s’améliorent au fil de temps surtout que notre système utilise les contributions manuelles et validations des résultats automatiques (dans les deux composants) par les experts afin d’optimiser sa performance. / The importance of cultural heritage documentation increases in parallel with the risks to which it is exposed, such as wars, uncontrolled urban development, natural disasters, neglect and inappropriate conservation techniques or strategies. In addition, this documentation is a fundamental tool for the assessment, the conservation, and the management of cultural heritage. Consequently, this tool allows us to estimate the historical, scientific, social and economic value of this heritage. According to several international institutions dedicated to the preservation of cultural heritage, there is an urgent need to develop computer solutions to facilitate and support the documentation of poorly documented cultural heritage especially in developing countries where there is a lack of resources. Among these countries, Palestine represents a relevant case study in this issue of lack of documentation of its heritage. To address this issue, we propose an approach of knowledge acquisition and extraction in the context of poorly documented heritage. We take as a case study the church of the Nativity in Palestine and we put in place our theoretical approach by the development of a platform for the acquisition and extraction of heritage knowledge. Our solution is based on the semantic technologies, which gives us the possibility, from the beginning, to provide a rich ontological description, a better structuring of the information, a high level of interoperability and a better automatic processing without additional efforts.Additionally, our approach is evolutionary and reciprocal because the acquisition of knowledge (in structured form) improves the extraction of heritage knowledge from unstructured text and vice versa. Therefore, the interaction between the two components of our system as well as the heritage knowledge develop and improve over time especially that our system uses manual contributions and validations of the automatic results (in both components) by the experts to optimize its performance.

O sistema de detecção de falhas e diagnóstico é um sistema de suporte ao operador dedicado a funções específicas que alertam os operadores para problemas de falhas em sensores e atuadores, e auxiliam no diagnóstico antes que os limites normais de alarmes sejam atingidos. Sistemas de suporte ao operador surgiram para diminuir a complexidade dos painéis causada pelo grande aumento de informação disponível nas salas de controle das centrais nucleares. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um Sistema de Monitoração e Diagnóstico utilizando a metodologia GMDH (Group Method of Data Handling) aplicado ao reator de pesquisas do Ipen IEA-R1. O sistema faz a monitoração, comparando os valores calculados pelo modelo GMDH com os valores medidos. A metodologia desenvolvida foi aplicada inicialmente em modelos teóricos: um modelo teórico de trocador de calor e um modelo teórico do reator IEA-R1. Os resultados obtidos com os modelos teóricos propiciaram uma base para a aplicação da metodologia aos dados de operação do reator. Para a monitoração de dados de operação foram desenvolvidos três modelos GMDH: o primeiro utilizou apenas variáveis de processo, o segundo modelo foi desenvolvido considerando-se algumas variáveis nucleares e três variáveis de temperatura, e o terceiro modelo GMDH considerou todas as variáveis possíveis. Os três modelos apresentaram resultados excelentes, mostrando amplamente a viabilidade da utilização da metodologia GMDH na monitoração de dados de operação. A comparação entre os resultados dos três modelos desenvolvidos mostrou ainda a capacidade da metodologia GMDH de escolher as melhores variáveis para otimização do modelo. Para a implementação de um sistema de diagnóstico, foram adicionadas falhas sinteticamente aos valores das variáveis de temperatura. Os valores de falhas correspondem a uma descalibração da temperatura e o resultado da monitoração de dados com falhas foi utilizado para a elaboração de um sistema de diagnóstico simples e objetivo baseado na lógica nebulosa. / The fault detection and diagnosis system is an Operator Support System dedicated to specific functions that alerts operators to sensors and actuators fault problems, and guide them in the diagnosis before the normal alarm limits are reached. Operator Support Systems appears to reduce panels complexity caused by the increase of the available information in nuclear power plants control room. In this work a Monitoring and Diagnosis System was developed based on the GMDH (Group Method of Data Handling) methodology. The methodology was applied to the IPEN research reactor IEA-R1. The system performs the monitoring, comparing GMDH model calculated values with measured values. The methodology developed was firstly applied in theoretical models: a heat exchanger model and an IPEN reactor theoretical model. The results obtained with theoretical models gave a base to methodology application to the actual reactor operation data. Three GMDH models were developed for actual operation data monitoring: the first one using just the thermal process variables, the second one was developed considering also some nuclear variables, and the third GMDH model considered all the reactor variables. The three models presented excellent results, showing the methodology utilization viability in monitoring the operation data. The comparison between the three developed models results also shows the methodology capacity to choose by itself the best set of input variables for the model optimization. For the system diagnosis implementation, faults were simulated in the actual temperature variable values by adding a step change. The fault values correspond to a typical temperature descalibration and the result of monitoring faulty data was then used to build a simple diagnosis system based on fuzzy logic.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-03T18:45:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Renan Fraga Barbosa.pdf: 4950481 bytes, checksum: 7339d2f44b8f9102ca0d628cc4a99002 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-03T18:45:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Renan Fraga Barbosa.pdf: 4950481 bytes, checksum: 7339d2f44b8f9102ca0d628cc4a99002 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-25 / Funda??o de Apoio ? Pesquisa Cient?fica e Tecnol?gica da UFRRJ / The filtration loss is a phenomenon caused by the gradient pressure between the annular region and the rock formation during the drilling of an oil and gas well under overbalanced conditions. The invasion of fluids may provoke irreversible damages to the integrity of the well due to the solids present in their composition. Therefore, drilling fluids must be formulated in such a way that a low permeability mudcake with controlled thickness is formed in order to mitigate the filtration and invasion. Filtration cells are experimental apparatus used in the industry and at universities to study the mudcake growth in the rock formation and to measure the filtrate volume. Such devices operate off line and require a specialized operator. The objective of this work was to optimize, automate and validate a static filtration prototype cell that collected experimental data in real time. An experimental unit was built to prepare the fluids and to feed them into the filtration prototype. This unit is composed of a positive displacement pump, mixing tanks and sensors to monitor the properties of the fluid. The unit and the prototype compose the on line filtration unit. In the filtration prototype, valves and sensors were installed to operate remotely. A virtual interface was developed in order to manage the filtration unit. This interface is capable of monitoring the data provided by the sensors as well as operating the equipments (pump, agitators and automatic valves, including the ones in the filtration cell). Comparative experiments were performed in a HTHP off line filtration cell using similar operational conditions to validate the prototype. As results, the filtrate volume and the filtration properties (porosity and permeability of the mudcake) values obtained for both cells shown to be similar. The on line filtration unit was capable of reproducing the data provided by the off line filtration cell used as a model in this work. Thus, one can conclude that the on line filtration cell operates appropriately. / A filtra??o e a invas?o do fluido de perfura??o s?o fen?menos provocados pelo diferencial de press?o entre a regi?o anular e a forma??o rochosa durante a perfura??o de um po?o de petr?leo e g?s sob condi??es overbalance. A invas?o de fluidos e s?lidos presentes no fluido de perfura??o podem causar danos irrevers?veis ao po?o, portanto formulam-se os fluidos de modo que seja formado um reboco de baixa permeabilidade e espessura controlada, minimizando a filtra??o e a invas?o. Na ind?stria e na academia, para estudar o crescimento da torta na forma??o rochosa e avaliar o volume de filtrado, utilizam-se aparatos experimentais, denominados c?lulas de filtra??o, entretanto estes dispositivos s?o aparatos de bancada necessitam de um operador especializado. O objetivo desse trabalho foi otimizar, automatizar e validar um prot?tipo de filtra??o est?tica que coleta dados em linha e em tempo real. Para alimentar o fluido no prot?tipo de filtra??o, foi constru?da uma unidade de prepara??o de fluidos composta por uma bomba de deslocamento positivo, tanques de mistura e sensores para monitorar as propriedades do fluido. A unidade de preparo e o prot?tipo de filtra??o constituem a denominada unidade de filtra??o. No prot?tipo de filtra??o, foram instaladas v?lvulas e sensores para opera??o remota. Para gerenciar a unidade de filtra??o, foi desenvolvida uma interface virtual que monitora os dados fornecidos pelos sensores e opera os equipamentos (bomba, agitadores e as v?lvulas autom?ticas, inclusive as da c?lula de filtra??o). Para validar o prot?tipo, foram realizados experimentos comparativos com uma c?lula de filtra??o HTHP de bancada em condi??es de opera??o semelhantes. Como resultado das filtra??es na c?lula de bancada e com o prot?tipo, foi observado que o volume de filtrado e propriedades calculadas nos experimentos de filtra??o (porosidade e permeabilidade da torta) apresentaram valores similares indicando que a c?lula on line opera de forma adequada, reproduzindo os dados da c?lula de bancada que foi usada como modelo na proposta deste trabalho.

Este trabalho apresenta as características básicas de uma máquina elétrica com fluxo axial, ímãs permanentes, rotor duplo e estator com enrolamentos toroidais montado entre os rotores. A máquina foi construída no Laboratório de Máquinas Elétricas, Acionamentos e Energia da Escola de Engenharia da UFRGS. O trabalho contém modelos analíticos para as induções magnéticas dos ímãs permanentes e dos enrolamentos de armadura. A partir dos modelos foram desenvolvidas expressões para o cálculo de forças eletromotrizes e de conjugados, sendo utilizado um software de matemática simbólica para realização dos cálculos. É apresentada uma comparação entre os resultados obtidos através do modelo analítico e os resultados obtidos por simulação numérica. Alguns resultados são comparados também com valores experimentais. As expressões para o cálculo de conjugado desenvolvido pela máquina serão detalhadas em uma etapa posterior. Foi obtida uma razoável coerência entre os dados comparados. / This work presents the basic features of an axial flux, permanent magnet, double rotor and toroidal windings mounted between the rotors. The machine was built in the Laboratory of Electrical Machines, Drives and energy of the School of Engineering of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The work contains analytical models of permanent magnets and armature windings magnetic inductions. Based in models, expressions of electromotive forces and torques were derived. The calculations were performed with a symbolical mathematical software. It is presented a comparison between results obtained with analytical model and results of the numerical simulation. Some comparisons include experimental results. The expressions of machine torque will be detailed in a next phase. The compared results present an acceptable conformity.

La pulvérisation cathodique est l'une des méthodes les plus utilisées pour le dépôt de films minces. Elle présente de nombreux avantages, mais elle est délicate à mettre en ?uvre dans le cas de films minces d'alliages parce qu'il est très difficile d'en contrôler la composition chimique. C'est pour tenter de résoudre ce problème que nous avons conçu et réalisé un équipement de pulvérisation cathodique triode à courant continu ultravide multicible séquentiel assistée par ordinateur. Ce dispositif est capable de fabriquer des couches minces dont la composition chimique est définie à mieux que 0,4 %. Il permet de contrôler la composition chimique au niveau d'une monocouche atomique. Il est constitué de quatre sous-ensembles : le contrôle du plasma, le contrôle du taux de dépôt, le calcul du rendement de pulvérisation cathodique, et enfin le séquençage rapide de la polarisation des cibles. Le taux de dépôt est obtenu par une mesure de la fréquence de résonance d'un quartz de 16 MHz, grâce à une chaîne de comptage reliée à un ordinateur. En utilisant un dispositif de vernier digital, nous avons pu d'une part augmenter la vitesse de lecture du quartz, de manière à évaluer sa dérive en température et à s'en affranchir, d'autre part améliorer la résolution (10 picogrammes par seconde), ce qui nous permet de déceler le 1/1000e de couche atomique en un temps de comptage de 100 millisecondes. Il est ainsi possible de réaliser un ajustement dynamique de la composition chimique d'un film mince pendant le processus de pulvérisation. Cet objectif a pu être réalisé grâce au contrôle par un ordinateur de la durée de polarisation des cibles. Ce dispositif a été utilisé pour la fabrication de films minces bolométriques couvrant une très large gamme de température.

Several standardized courses for Formula SAE (FSAE) testing are introduced and described with sufficient detail to be reproduced by any Formula SAE team. Basic analysis methods for the courses are given as well as explanations of how those analyses could be used. On-car data from the Global Formula Racing (GFR) SAE cars is used to verify the analysis methods, give estimates to unknown variables, and show the relevance of the standard testing courses. Using the courses and methods described in this paper should allow standardized comparison of FSAE car performance, as well as provide a method to verify simulations and evaluate changes in vehicle performance from tuning. Instrumentation of all suspension member forces with strain gauge load cells is shown to be an extremely powerful tool for measuring vehicle performance and quantifying vehicle dynamic characteristics. The design and implementation of strain gauge load cells is described in detail to provide a template for reproducing similar results in other vehicles. Data from the GFR 2011 FSAE car is used throughout the paper to: show the design process for making effective suspension member load cells, show the calibration processes necessary to ensure quality data is collected, illustrate the calculation of suspension corner forces, and show the effectiveness of measuring vehicle dynamic characteristics with this technique. Using the methods described in this paper should provide data that allows a more complete and thorough understanding of on-car vehicle dynamics. This data may be used to validate vehicle models. / Graduation date: 2012

This dissertation presents a contribution to quantitative microwave imaging for breast tumor detection. The study made in the frame of a joint supervision Ph.D. thesis between University Paris-SUD 11 (France) and Mälardalen University (Sweden), has been conducted through two experimental microwave imaging setups, the existing 2.45 GHz planar camera (France) and the multi-frequency flexible robotic system, (Sweden), under development. In this context a 2D scalar flexible numerical tool based on a Newton-Kantorovich (NK) scheme, has been developed. Quantitative microwave imaging is a three dimensional vectorial nonlinear inverse scattering problem, where the complex permittivity of an object is reconstructed from the measured scattered field, produced by the object. The NK scheme is used in order to deal with the nonlinearity and the ill-posed nature of this problem. A TM polarization and a two dimensional medium configuration have been considered in order to avoid its vectorial aspect. The solution is found iteratively by minimizing the square norm of the error with respect to the scattered field data. Consequently, the convergence of such iterative process requires, at least two conditions. First, an efficient calibration of the experimental system has to be associated to the minimization of model errors. Second, the mean square difference of the scattered field introduced by the presence of the tumor has to be large enough, according to the sensitivity of the imaging system. The existing planar camera associated to a flexible 2D scalar NK code, are considered as an experimental platform for quantitative breast imaging. A preliminary numerical study shows that the multi-view planar system is quite efficient for realistic breast tumor phantoms, according to its characteristics (frequency, planar geometry and water as a coupling medium), as long as realistic noisy data are considered. Furthermore, a multi-incidence planar system, more appropriate in term of antenna-array arrangement, is proposed and its concept is numerically validated. On the other hand, an experimental work which includes a new fluid-mixture for the realization of a narrow band cylindrical breast phantom, a deep investigation in the calibration process and model error minimization, is presented. This conducts to the first quantitative reconstruction of a realistic breast phantom by using multi-view data from the planar camera. Next, both the qualitative and quantitative reconstruction of 3D inclusions into the cylindrical breast phantom, by using data from all the retina, are shown and discussed. Finally, the extended work towards the flexible robotic system is presented. / A dissertation prepared through an international convention for a joint supervision thesis with Université Paris-SUD 11, France / Microwaves in biomedicine

This thesis describes the development of a series of codes for trim and longitudinal stability analysis of a helicopter in forward flight. In general, particular use of these codes can be made for parametric investigation of the effects of the external and internal systems integrated to UH-60 helicopters. However, in this thesis the trim analysis results are obtained for a clean UH-60 configuration and the results are compared with the flight test data that were acquired by ASELSAN, Inc. The first of the developed trim codes, called TRIM-CF, is based on closedform equations which give the opportunity of having quick results. The second code stems from the trim code of Prouty. That code is modified and improved during the course of this study based on the theories outlined in [3], and the resultant code is named TRIM-BE. These two trim codes are verified by solving the trim conditions of the example helicopter of [3]. Since it is simpler and requires fewer input parameters, it is more often more convenient to use the TRIM-CF code. This code is also verified by analyzing the Bo105 helicopter with the specifications given in [2]. The results are compared with the Helisim results and flight test data given in this reference. The trim analysis results of UH-60 helicopter are obtained by the TRIM-CF code and compared with flight test data. A forward flight longitudinal dynamic stability code, called DYNA-STAB, is also developed in the thesis. This code also uses the methods presented in [3]. It solves the longitudinal part of the whole coupled matrix of equations of motion of a helicopter in forward flight. The coupling is eliminated by linearization. The trim analysis results are used as inputs to the dynamic stability code and the dynamic stability characteristics of a forward flight trim case of the example helicopter [3] are analyzed. The forward flight stability code is applied to UH-60 helicopter. The codes are easily applicable to a helicopter equipped with external stores. The application procedures are also explained in this thesis.

Το αντικείμενο της διατριβής αυτής είναι η εισαγωγή ενός νέου πρωτοκόλλου (e-SCP-ECG+) με στόχο την μεταφορά και διαχείριση πολλαπλών τύπων πληροφορίας που προέρχονται από ιατρικές συσκευές συλλογής ζωτικών σημάτων, δεδομένα που αφορούν τις αλλεργίες από τις οποίες υποφέρει ο ασθενής, στοιχεία γεωτοποθεσίας, καθώς επίσης και δημογραφικών στοιχείων, από τους ασθενείς σε υπολογιστικούς σταθμούς επεξεργασίας, διαχείρισης και αποθήκευσής της. Ορίζεται επίσης η αρχιτεκτονική ενός Συστήματος Τηλεπαρακολούθησης Υγείας Ασθενούς (ΣΤΥΑ), το οποίο χρησιμοποιεί το πρωτόκολλο e-SCP-ECG+ για τη μεταφορά, τη διαχείριση και την αρχειοθέτηση της συλλεγόμενης πληροφορίας. Η αρχιτεκτονική περιλαμβάνει, επίσης, τη δημιουργία ενός Δικτύου από ΣΤΥΑ, με στόχο την δικτυακή αναζήτηση πληροφορίας σχετικής με τον ασθενή, εξασφαλίζοντας έτσι τη δυνατότητα του ελέγχου της πορείας της υγείας ενός ασθενούς. Το ΣΤΥΑ πέρα από την λειτουργία του σε εργαστηριακό επίπεδο, δοκιμάστηκε πιλοτικά σε πραγματικές συνθήκες. / This dissertation introduces a new protocol named e-SCP-ECG+, which permits the transport and management of multiple information types collected from patients (vital signs, citizen demographic data, other information relative with the treated incident, allergy data, geolocation data, etc.), through a communication network to a Health Reception Center. The dissertation also defines the architecture of a Health Tele-monitoring System (HTS) aiming to protocol’s application and evaluation. The pilot HTS, uses the protocol e-SCP-ECG+, in order to transmit, manage and archive the collected information. The creation of an HTS’s Network is also included in this architecture. This network supports health continuity and gives doctor the ability to search information relative to the patient between different networked HTSs. The pilot HTS, has been tested both on laboratory conditions and in real-world operation.