The aim of this thesis was to explore dietetic notes in Swedish patient records regarding content, language and the meaning of standardization. Firstly, an audit instrument for dietetic notes in patient records, Diet-NCP-Audit, was elaborated and tested. The instrument, a 14-item scoring questionnaire based on the four steps of the Nutrition Care Process (NCP), proved to have high content validity and moderate to high inter- and intra-rater reliability. The instrument was then used in an evaluation of the content, language and structure of 147 Swedish dietetic notes. Although the nutrition intervention and some information about the evaluation were well documented, the overall result showed a need for improvement in several aspects of documentation, such as nutrition prescriptions, goals and the connection between problem-etiology-symptom. After this, 30 of the audited dietetic notes were also included in a critical linguistic study exploring how the patients and dietitians were referred to in the notes. The dietetic notes contained several linguistic devices that impersonalized and passivized both the patient and the dietitian. Thus, the grammar of the dietetic notes did not enhance or reflect the patient-centered care and the active patient-caregiver relationship that is emphasized in most health care guidelines today. Finally, a focus group study was performed. Swedish dietitians’ experiences of the standardized Nutrition Care Process (NCP) and its connected terminology (NCPT) were explored and analyzed from the perspective of Habermas’ system and lifeworld concepts. While recognizing many advantages with the NCP and NCPT, dietitians also expressed difficulties in combining the structured and standardized process and terminology with a flexible, patient-centered approach in nutrition care. In summary, I argue that strategies for the improvement of dietetic documentation are needed. I also suggest that the NCP and NCPT play an essential role in dietetic professionalization. At the same time, however, this standardization may entail the risk of a reductionist view and difficulties regarding how to balance the different ideals of health care. Thus, there is a need for discussions concerning how to use and develop the NCP and dietetic language in a way that ensures the best possible care for the patient.

This research is an attempt at understanding the value of higher education with respect to police officer performance. This study used a sample of 331 Canadian Forces Military Police (CFMP) recruits who attended the Canadian Forces Military Police Academy (CFMPA) from January 2012 to April 2013 for the six month Military Police Qualification Level 3 (MP QL3) course. It examines between group differences in performance, among MP recruits with higher education – a college diploma or higher – and those with previous work experience – five years experience in another branch of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) or another police agency. The study used demographic and performance data obtained from the recruits’ CFMPA files. Descriptive statistics described central tendencies, standard deviation, kurtosis and skewness. This was used to assist in the description of recruits between groups and in order to determine distribution characteristics. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted on 34 tests – 14 percentage and 20 pass/fail – administered during the course to determine their factor structure. Chi-squared was used to explore between group differences in course completion. Finally Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analyses were used to explore between group differences in performance based on the factor structure determined during EFA and the recruits overall course average. No significant between group difference with respect to performance were discovered, however, it is hoped that the results of this study will be used to inform the debate of the requirement for higher education in the field of policing and what factors contribute to police professionalization. / Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2014-03-22 16:42:11.736

The process of adult teachers’ professionalization through the development of andragogical practice is analyzed in the dissertation. The need for professionally working adult teachers in current years is growing very rapidly not only due to European Union policy in adult education and economical and social development of the country, but also due to coming huge investments into human resources through European structural funds in the country. The dissertation is seeking for such answers: what kind of adult teachers’ abilities are essential for their profession; what is the most effective way in development of those abilities. In the development of the set of abilities for andragog practitioner there was made both profound analysis of andragogical theories and professional requirements for adult teachers. The set of abilities was divided into general and special abilities groups. The dissertation examines various professional development forms. The structures for optimal developmental programs are discussed also. The model, based upon the pre-set abilities of andragog practitioner, for non-formal adult teachers learning, which covers self-assessment of abilities, non-formal learning module, practice and assessment is developed. Empirical research shows how were developed adult teachers abilities due to their participation in the model’s activities. There is discussed influence of non-formal adult teacher model for professionalization of adult teachers’; conclusions and... [to full text] / Disertacijoje analizuojamos suaugusiųjų mokytojų profesionalizacijos procesas tobulinant pastarųjų andragoginę veiklą. Profesionaliai dirbančių suaugusiųjų mokytojų poreikis pastaraisiais metais auga nepaprastai sparčiai ir tai susiję ne tik su Europos Sąjungos politiniais sprendimais suaugusiųjų švietimo klausimais, bet ir su ūkio bei socialine plėtra šalyje, o taip pat ateinančiomis gausiomis investicijomis į suaugusiųjų žmonių mokymą ir lavinimą Europos struktūrinių fondų dėka. Disertacijoje ieškoma atsakymo į tokius klausimus: kokie suaugusiųjų mokytojų gebėjimai yra svarbiausi apibrėžiant jų profesionalią veiklą; koks būdas yra efektyviausias lavinant šiuos gebėjimus Disertacijoje, remiantis išsamia tiek andragoginių teorijų, tiek profesinių reikalavimų suaugusiųjų mokytojams analize, išskiriami andragogo praktiko gebėjimai. Pastarieji skirstomi į dvi grupes: bendrieji ir specialieji gebėjimai. Disertacijoje nagrinėjamos įvairios profesinio tobulinimosi formos, aptariamos optimalios tobulinimo programų struktūros. Remiantis išskirtais gebėjimais yra formuojamas neformaliojo suaugusiųjų mokytojų mokymosi modelis, apimantis gebėjimų įsivertinimą, neformaliojo mokymosi modulį, praktinę veiklą ir vertinimą. Atliktas empirinis tyrimas parodo kaip kito suaugusiųjų mokytojų įsivertinti gebėjimai dėl jų dalyvavimo modelio veiklose. Aptariamas sukurtojo neformaliojo suaugusiųjų mokytojų mokymosi modelio poveikis suaugusiųjų mokytojų profesionalizacijai, pateikiamos išvados bei... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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<p>In this dissertation, I argue that musicians began to emerge as a professional class during the French Revolution (1789-1804) by mobilizing Enlightenment philosophies of music, pre-revolutionary social networks, and economic upheaval. I conceive of this phenomenon within a broad macro-historical context beginning in 1749 with Rousseau's first articulations of music and political culture, and ending with institutional changes at the Paris Conservatoire in 1802. My research applies an anthropological approach to the archives as set forth by scholars including William H. Sewell, Jr., Bernard S. Cohn, and Natalie Zemon Davis. Through archival discoveries from across Parisian archives, I elucidate how musicians capitalized upon revolutionary change to pursue personal and collective advancement as artists and professionals. This approach takes the concept of musicianship as a multivalent social category that traverses musical genres and institutions. This study contributes to the nascent movement to reincorporate economic life back into the historiography of the French Revolution and to a relational approach to the politics of expressivity and practice in musical production. The result of this study is a rethinking of previous historical accounts of revolutionary musicians as simply utilitarian. </p><p>In focusing on practicing musicians, their social networks, and their economy, I demonstrate the unique political circumstances of musical production and practice in late eighteenth-century Paris. I conclude that revolutionary politics among composers, performers, and pedagogues gave birth to a distinct form of French musical Romanticism rooted in the negotiation of rational approaches to music with the lived experiences of Revolution. This perspective locates one origin of musical Romanticism in Parisian musical institutions during the second half of the eighteenth century. In Paris, musical genius came to be regarded as a collective attribute applicable to not only composers, but also to performers. This shift toward inclusive professional musicianship constituted an evolution of musical production and aesthetics, which held profound implications for cosmopolitan nineteenth-century European music culture.</p> / Dissertation

This thesis argues that the officer establishment of the British Army experienced considerable professional, administrative and social change from its expansion in 1689 to the outbreak of war in 1739. In the intervening fifty year period, the British army and the officers who led it experienced alternate periods of prolonged war and peace. This led to the retention and dissemination of administrative practices, gentlemanly behaviours and professional competencies that enabled officers to remain motivated and dedicated to military service, despite multiple factors that hindered their ambitions and reduced their career prospects. This development was not a series of comprehensive reforms, but rather ad hoc measures which took effect through the efforts of commanding officers, the will of the monarch and the administrative power of the War Office. These changes occurred within the existing military system, stretching its capacity to satisfy multiple interests to its limit, and resulting in the prioritisation of certain consideration over others. Using a greater quantity and range of archival material than previous historiography, the thesis adopts several historical approaches towards their interpretation, from institutional and military history, to cultural and political history. This offers new perspectives and in-depth analysis to challenge some arguments made about army officers during this period, and refinements to others. It contributes to our understanding of the late seventeenth and eighteenth century army by rethinking the martial ethos of the officer establishment, and its impact on the officer establishment's capabilities, behaviour and relationship with the crown.

abstract: Over the past forty years the nonprofit sector has experienced a steady rise in the professionalization of its employees and its operations. Some have argued that this trend is in large part a reaction to the requirements foisted upon the nonprofit sector through the passage of the Tax Reform Act of 1969. While some scholars have detailed a number of unintended consequences that have resulted from this trend toward professionalization, in general scholars and practitioners have accepted it as a necessary step along the path toward ensuring that service is administered in an accountable and responsible manner. I analyze the contemporary trend in professionalization of the nonprofit sector from a different angle--one which seeks to determine how the nonprofit sector came to problematize the nature of its service beginning in the early twentieth century, as well as the consequences of doing so, rather than reinforce the existing normative arguments. To this end, I employ an "analytics of government" from an ethical and political perspective which is informed by Michel Foucault's conception of genealogy, as well as his work on governing rationalities, in order to reveal the historical and political forces that contribute to the nonprofit sector's professionalization and that shape its current processes, institutions, and norms. I ultimately argue that these forces serve to reinforce a broad movement away from the charitable impulse that motivates individuals to engage in personal acts of compassion and toward a philanthropic enterprise by which knowledge is rationally applied toward reforming society rather than aiding individuals. This movement toward institutional philanthropy and away from individual charity supplants the needs of the individual with the needs of the organization. I then apply this analysis to propose an alternate governing model for the nonprofit sector--one that draws on Foucault's exploration of ancient writings on love, self-knowledge, and governance--in order to locate a space for the individual in nonprofit life. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Public Administration 2011

Nos últimos anos, muitos blogs ganharam notoriedade e se tornaram referências em determinados nichos. Estes blogs atraem tanto a atenção do público assim como de empresas querendo desenvolver ações promocionais junto a esta audiência. Por outro lado, o desenvolvimento de serviços de publicidade online permitiu o surgimento de novos pequenos anunciantes, assim como novos pequenos veículos que dispostos a exibir anúncios. O objetivo deste trabalho é, portanto, compreender a profissionalização dos blogs brasileiros a partir de uma investigação sobre as dinâmicas promocionais na blogosfera. A pesquisa busca discutir a relação entre a cultura participativa (Jenkins, 2006b) da Internet, a virtualização da economia e o papel dos blogueiros neste contexto. Para tal, foi conduzido um estudo netnográfico que consistiu em: a) acompanhar os cem blogs brasileiros de maior autoridade do ranking do indexador Blogblogs, onde investigou-se a presença e o gerenciamento de publicidade e buscou-se outros indícios da profissionalização do meio; b) realizar uma observação participante no I Fórum de Mídias Digitais e Sociais FMDS e no BlogCamp Paraná. / In recent years, many blogs have gained notoriety and have become authorities in certain niches. These blogs attract both the attention of the public as well as companies aiming to develop promotional campaigns targeting blogs audience. Moreover, the development of online advertising services allows the emergence of new small advertisers, in addition to new small vehicles willing to display ads. Therefore, the objective of this study is to understand the professionalization of Brazilian blogs through an investigation of the promotional dynamics in the blogosphere. The research discusses the relationship between the participatory culture (Jenkins, 2006b) of the Internet, the virtualization of the economy and the role of bloggers in this context. In order to achieve this work's goals, a netnographic study was conducted and it consisted of: a) following the 100 most authoritative Brazilian blogs ranked in the Blogblogs index to investigate the presence and management of advertising and to find other evidences of the professionalization of the medium; b) conducting a participant observation in the I Digital and Social Media Forum (FMDS) and in the BlogCamp Paraná.

A profissionalização da docência, elemento partícipe dos processos de racionalização e modernização da escola e da sociedade, é entendida como um percurso sócio-histórico que apresenta como eixo a busca por um status social de profissão ao magistério. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho apresenta e analisa a Lei nº 2.338/1954, primeiro Estatuto exclusivo ao magistério estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, importante momento na profissionalização da categoria docente sul-rio-grandense. Para tal, analisou-se o texto a partir das discussões de Pierre Bourdieu a respeito do Estado, bem como as construções teóricas de E. P. Thompson sobre a Lei e suas ferramentas de legitimação simbólica. O estudo realizado a partir do Estatuto de 1954 apontou que, mesmo com os avanços na profissionalização da docência materializados no texto legal, houve a permanência de elementos que remetem à docência como ação vocacionada, hierarquização entre os âmbitos público e privado, vinculação entre magistério e gênero feminino, interferência estatal na experiência docente, o que implicou em oposições à profissionalização da categoria docente, atuando de forma contrária à valorização social do magistério. A fim de observar as possibilidades de atuação do magistério na busca pela profissionalização da categoria, bem como a atuação das categorias de Estado na experiência do professorado, foi utilizado o conceito de experiência de E. P. Thompson e tomado como fonte o documento “Suely de Oliveira: Perfil Biográfico, Depoimentos e Discursos (1915-1994)” Suely de Oliveira foi professora estadual e a primeira mulher deputada sul-rio-grandense, eleita em 1950. A partir da análise dos discursos proferidos pela Deputada, percebeu-se a inserção na Assembleia Legislativa das discussões sobre profissionalização do magistério partindo da compreensão da docência como ação vocacionada, para posteriormente pontuar os debates sobre carreira e remuneração a partir de marcos racionais. Suely de Oliveira apresentou reivindicações do magistério estadual gaúcho pela necessidade de elaboração de um Estatuto exclusivo à categoria docente, bem como modos de avaliação dos docentes a partir de referências racionais e burocráticas. Ainda, ao proceder a análise dos depoimentos produzidos sobre a Deputada por seus contemporâneos, foi possível perceber que as categorias afirmadas sobre o magistério e o feminino, como paciência, abnegação, moralidade e atuação no espaço doméstico formaram características legitimadoras da atuação política de Suely de Oliveira. / The professionalization of the teaching, an element that is part of the process of the rationalization and modernization of the school and the society, it’s understood as a sociohistorical process which present as an axis the search for a social status as profession to the state teaching. Thereby, the aim of this study is to score the Law 2338/1954, the first exclusive Statute to the Teaching of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, as a mark in the professionalization of the state teaching. For this purpose, the text is analyzed based on Pierre Bourdieu discussions about The State as well as the theoretical constructions from E. P Thompson on The Law and its tools of legitimacy symbolic constructions. As the results of this work, it is signalized that, even with some advances in the professionalization of the teaching materialized by the Statute, repeated elements that refer to teaching as a devoted action, ranking between the public and the private sphere, the link between teaching and female gender cause oppositions to the professionalization of the teaching category, acting in a contrary way to the social valorization of the teaching. In order to make an observation about the possibilities of the action on teaching of the in the searching for the professionalization of the category, as well as in the State categories in the teaching experience, it was used the concept of experience from E. P. Thompson and was taken the text “Suely de Oliveira: Perfil Biográfico, Depoimentos e Discursos (1915-1994)” as a source Suely de Oliveira was a state teacher and the first congresswoman from Rio Grande do Sul, elected in 1950. It was noted, from the analysis of the Congresswoman speeches, an insertion about professionalization of the Teaching starting from the teaching comprehension as a devoted action, to subsequently point out debates about professional career and remuneration from rational frameworks. Suely de Oliveira presented demands of the state teaching for a strong need to construct an exclusive Statute to the teaching category, as well as forms of evaluation of the teachers from the rational and bureaucratic references. Furthermore, proceeding the interview analyses produced by her contemporaries about the Congresswoman, was possible to tell that the features said about the Teaching and the feminine, as patience, self-denial, morality and acting in the household spaces had formed features of legitimacy in the Suely de Oliveira political activity.

Nos últimos anos, muitos blogs ganharam notoriedade e se tornaram referências em determinados nichos. Estes blogs atraem tanto a atenção do público assim como de empresas querendo desenvolver ações promocionais junto a esta audiência. Por outro lado, o desenvolvimento de serviços de publicidade online permitiu o surgimento de novos pequenos anunciantes, assim como novos pequenos veículos que dispostos a exibir anúncios. O objetivo deste trabalho é, portanto, compreender a profissionalização dos blogs brasileiros a partir de uma investigação sobre as dinâmicas promocionais na blogosfera. A pesquisa busca discutir a relação entre a cultura participativa (Jenkins, 2006b) da Internet, a virtualização da economia e o papel dos blogueiros neste contexto. Para tal, foi conduzido um estudo netnográfico que consistiu em: a) acompanhar os cem blogs brasileiros de maior autoridade do ranking do indexador Blogblogs, onde investigou-se a presença e o gerenciamento de publicidade e buscou-se outros indícios da profissionalização do meio; b) realizar uma observação participante no I Fórum de Mídias Digitais e Sociais FMDS e no BlogCamp Paraná. / In recent years, many blogs have gained notoriety and have become authorities in certain niches. These blogs attract both the attention of the public as well as companies aiming to develop promotional campaigns targeting blogs audience. Moreover, the development of online advertising services allows the emergence of new small advertisers, in addition to new small vehicles willing to display ads. Therefore, the objective of this study is to understand the professionalization of Brazilian blogs through an investigation of the promotional dynamics in the blogosphere. The research discusses the relationship between the participatory culture (Jenkins, 2006b) of the Internet, the virtualization of the economy and the role of bloggers in this context. In order to achieve this work's goals, a netnographic study was conducted and it consisted of: a) following the 100 most authoritative Brazilian blogs ranked in the Blogblogs index to investigate the presence and management of advertising and to find other evidences of the professionalization of the medium; b) conducting a participant observation in the I Digital and Social Media Forum (FMDS) and in the BlogCamp Paraná.