This study investigates how Swedish internet service providers (ISP) choose a Wi-Fi-Router for use by private customers. The study investigates the process of choosing a Wi-Fi-Router and what features the companies prioritize during the process. These features can be aspects such as security, speed, capacity, Wi-Fi standard and price. The study seeks to answer how the decision-making process is carried out in the companies, but also how the Wi-Fi-Routers features are prioritized during the decision-making process.  This was investigated using qualitative methods in the form of semi-structured interviews. The interviews were held remotely, which allowed for a larger spread of respondents. After the interviews, the data was coded using thematic analysis to arrive at the results of the study.  The study identified several different phases during the decision-making process that ISP’s go through. After identifying the phases, they were placed in a model which seeks to describe the decision-making process for all ISPs.  The most important aspect during the decision-making process was the price. The remaining aspects were decided by the Wi-Fi-Router's price and compromises had to be made to lower the price to a reasonable level for both the company and the customer. In addition to the price, the companies aimed to find a balance between the other features, where compromises can be made for features they consider to be less important.

[ES] Los humedales son uno de los ecosistemas más importantes del planeta. En los distintos hábitats que albergan convive un gran número de especies, siendo un reservorio de biodiversidad. Además, al ser sumideros de carbono (CO2, ) son un aliado natural en la lucha contra el cambio climático. Los humedales resultan imprescindibles para el cumplimiento de los objetivos de sostenibilidad de la Agenda 2030. Desgraciadamente, la desaparición de estos espacios naturales es alarmante, especialmente acelerada durante el siglo XX y lo que llevamos de siglo XXI. Uno de los motivos más importantes que causa su pérdida y degradación es la falta de recursos hídricos. En general, en situaciones de estrés hídrico, es necesario aportar agua procedente de fuentes externas. La elección de las fuentes de recursos hídricos supone un complejo problema de decisión. La calidad del agua debe ser la adecuada para garantizar la sostenibilidad del humedal. En esta tesis se elabora una metodología para resolver ese problema. Se ha aplicado al caso de las Tablas de Daimiel, pero puede ser utilizada en cualquier otro humedal. A partir de los valores de referencia del humedal se han elaborado unas funciones de rating que permiten asignar puntuación a los distintos valores de los parámetros fisicoquímicos. Hay una función de rating para cada uno de los parámetros. Las funciones son específicas del humedal cuya regeneración hídrica se pretende. Se ha asignado un peso a los distintos parámetros fisicoquímicos para considerar la diferente repercusión de cada uno de ellos en la calidad del agua. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo un análisis mediante el Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). Agregando las funciones de rating con los pesos obtenidos se ha diseñado un índice de sostenibilidad (WRSM). Las fuentes de agua más adecuadas toman valores más altos del índice, en contraposición con las menos aconsejables.Todo el proceso descrito se ha aplicado a las Tablas de Daimiel, comprobándose su utilidad y eficacia para evaluar diferentes tipos de aguas procedentes de muy diversas fuentes. La metodología desarrollada es novedosa, completamente reproducible y además es aplicable a cualquier otro humedal, por lo que puede constituir una nueva herramienta para abordar la importante y compleja tarea que supone la restauración hídrica de humedales. / [CA] Els aiguamolls són un dels ecosistemes més importants del planeta. En els diferents hàbitats que alberguen conviu un gran nombre d'espècies, sent un *reservorio de biodiversitat. A més, en ser embornals de carboni (CO¿, ) són un aliat natural en la lluita contra el canvi climàtic. Els aiguamolls resulten imprescindibles per al compliment dels objectius de sostenibilitat de l'Agenda 2030. Desgraciadament, la desaparició d'aquests espais naturals és alarmant, especialment accelerada durant el segle XX i el que portem de segle XXI. Un dels motius més importants que causa la seua pèrdua i degradació és la falta de recursos hídrics. En general, en situacions d'estrés hídric, és necessari aportar aigua procedent de fonts externes. L'elecció de les fonts de recursos hídrics suposa un complex problema de decisió. La qualitat de l'aigua ha de ser l'adequada per a garantir la sostenibilitat de l'aiguamoll. En aquesta tesi s'elabora una metodologia per a resoldre aqueix problema. S'ha aplicat al cas de les Taules de Daimiel, però pot ser utilitzada en qualsevol altre aiguamoll. A partir dels valors de referència de l'aiguamoll s'han elaborat unes funcions de ràting que permeten assignar puntuació als diferents valors dels paràmetres fisicoquímics. Hi ha una funció de ràting per a cadascun dels paràmetres . Les funcions són específiques de l'aiguamoll la regeneració hídrica del qual es pretén. S'ha assignat un pes als diferents paràmetres fisicoquímics per a considerar la diferent repercussió de cadascun d'ells en la qualitat de l'aigua. Per a això s'ha dut a terme una anàlisi mitjançant el Analytical *Hierarchical *Process (*AHP). Agregant les funcions de ràting amb els pesos obtinguts s'ha dissenyat un índex de sostenibilitat (*WRSM). Les fonts d'aigua més adequades prenen els valors més alts de l'índex, en contraposició amb les menys aconsellables. Tot el procés descrit s'ha aplicat a les Taules de Daimiel, comprovant-se la seua utilitat i eficàcia per a avaluar diferents tipus d'aigües procedents de molt diverses fonts. La metodologia desenvolupada és nova, completament reproduïble i a més és aplicable a qualsevol altre aiguamoll, per la qual cosa pot constituir una nova eina per a abordar la important i complexa tasca que suposa la restauració hídrica d'aiguamolls. / [EN] Wetlands are one of the most important ecosystems on the planet. A large number of species coexist in the different habitats that are home to wetlands. They are a reservoir of biodiversity. Furthermore, being carbon sinks (CO2, ), wetlands are a natural ally in the fight against climate change. Wetlands are essential to meet the sustainability goals of the 2030 Agenda. Unfortunately, the disappearance of these natural spaces is alarming, especially accelerated during the 20th century and so far in the 21st century. One of the most important reasons that causes its loss and degradation is the lack of water resources. In general, in situations of water stress, it is necessary to obtain water from external sources. The choice of sources of water resources is a complex decision problem. The quality of the water must be adequate to guarantee the sustainability of the wetland. This thesis develops a methodology to solve this problem. It has been applied to the case of the Tablas de Daimiel wetland, but it can be used in any other wetland. Based on the reference values of the wetland, qualification functions have been developed. These functions evaluate the physicochemical parameters. There is a rating function for each of the parameters. The functions are specific to the wetland whose water regeneration is intended. A weight has been assigned to the different physicochemical parameters to consider the different impact of each of them on water quality. For this, an analysis has been carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Adding the rating functions with the weights obtained, a sustainability index (WRSM) has been designed. The most suitable water sources take the highest values of the index, compared to the least recommended. The entire process described has been applied to the Tablas de Daimiel wetland, demonstrating its usefulness and effectiveness for evaluating different types of water from very diverse sources. The methodology developed is novel, completely reproducible and also applicable to any other wetland, so it can be a new tool to address the important and complex task of hydrological restoration in wetlands. / Benítez Navío, A. (2023). Metodología para la toma de decisiones estratégicas en la asignación sostenible de recursos para la recuperación hidrológica de humedales en situación de estrés hídrico [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/192828

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 set Europe in sorrow, distress, and emergency. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is something Sweden has refrained from joining due to the country’s neutral stance. However, despite Sweden's long-standing neutrality of over 200 years, it was abandoned within only weeks. The short timeframe of decision-making raised questions about the level of rationality in the decision of the Swedish NATO application. Scholars and researchers have through different methods and theories attempted to explain this unpredictable shift, but still, the process appears to lack a clearly defined rationale. This case study seeks to understand the decision-making process of the government in times of crisis, examining how the rationality of such decisions may have been compromised by analyzing secondary data. The aim is to address the research gap, concerning the rapid and framed process for Sweden to join NATO. Analyzing the decision through the lens of Bounded Rationality Theory, applying variables such as (1) time pressure, (2) cognition, and (3) access to information (Simon, 1947), the possibility arises to shred light on the factors contributing to Bounded Rationality in the Swedish NATO process. These aspects were all present in the Swedish NATO process. In combination with characteristics of a government in crisis (Boin, Hart, Stern & Sundelius, 2005), one can to a great extent understand the significant shift in stance towards NATO membership, given that governments tend to act differently when being subject to a crisis. It can be concluded that rationality was significantly bounded by limited access to information, to some extent by the ability to process information, and comprehensively by the constraints of time pressure. The Swedish NATO process, consisting of a government amid a crisis, was subject to and exemplifies Bounded Rationality in decision-making.

В работе проведён комплексный анализ информационного сопровождения процесса принятия решения о покупке образовательных онлайн-продуктов дополнительного профессионального образования (ДПО) в интернет-среде. Рассмотрены существующие модели принятия решения о покупке и их развитие, определена сущность информационного сопровождения и факторы цифровой среды, влияющие на процесс покупки. Методом экономико-статистического анализа определены характеристики онлайн-рынка образовательных продуктов и тенденции его развития. С помощью информативно-целевого анализа изучен опыт информационного сопровождения лидеров рынка, а так же определены потребительские предпочтения в организации информационного сопровождения методом глубинных интервью. Результатом работы является усовершенствованная модель принятия решения о покупке образовательного продукта уровня ДПО с учётом особенностей информационного сопровождения в современной интернет-среде, проверенная методом A/B-тестирования. Результаты исследования могут широко применяться при построении маркетинговых и коммуникационных стратегий создателями образовательных продуктов и рекламными агентствами. / The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the informational support of the decision-making process on the purchase in EdTech market. The author considered existing models of customer decision-making process, the definition of informational support and digital era factors that influence a decision-making process. The economic and statistical analysis was held to measure the EdTech market. The author applied an informative and targeted analysis to define how market leaders organize informational support. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted to determine consumer preferences. The result of the work is an improved model of decision-making on the purchase of an educational product on the EdTech market. The model was tested with the A/B-testing method. The results of the study can be widely used in the development of marketing and communication strategies both by EdTech product owners, and advertising agencies.

Millennials har ett starkt avvikande köpbeteende på börsen jämfört med äldre generationer. De har högre riskbenägenhet och är benägna att ta betydligt större risker vid köp av aktier och fonder. Oväntade kursrörelser och en mer oberäknelig börs blir konsekvenser av Millennials oberäkneliga och nyckfulla beteende. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka Millennials köpbeteende när det kommer till aktier och fonder med fokus på deras risktagande. Studien hade en kvalitativ och deduktiv ansats och ett deskriptivt forskningssyfte. Data samlades in genom fallstudier och semistrukturerade intervjuer på ett selektivt urval av Millennials där frågor baserat på portföljsammansättning, informationsinhämtning, urvalskriterier och riskbenägenhet besvarades. Studiens resultat visade att Millennials sparar på lång sikt, gärna i framtidsbranscher inom teknologi eller medicin. Millennials är vinstsökande och högre risk med potentiellt bättre avkastning föredras över att investera med lägre risk och potentiellt lägre avkastning. Teknologiska framsteg i from av internet och nätmäklare är verktyg Millennials använde sig av vid köp av aktier och fonder. Studien bidrar med kvalitativa data och en djupare förståelse om Millennials och hur samspelet mellan informationsinhämtning, urvalskriterier och risk påverkar Millennials portföljsammansättning. Millennials använder sig av peer reviews och word-of-mouth i stor utsträckning vid köp av aktier men har samtidigt en hög grad av källkritik.

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This research study aims to enhance the effectiveness of the architectural design process regarding the exploration and framing of the best visual connections to the outside environment within built environments. Specifically, it aims to develop a framework for developing and integrating an inside-out design approach augmented and informed by digital 3D geospatial data as a way to enhance the explorative ability and decision-making process for designers regarding the visual connection to the outside environment. To do so, the strategy of logical argumentation is used to analyze and study the phenomenon of making visual connections to a surrounding context. The initial recommendation of this stage is to integrate an inside-out design approach that operates within the digital immersion within 3D digital representations of the surrounding context. This strategy will help to identify the basic logical steps of the proposed inside-out design process. Then, the method of immersive case study is used to test and further develop a proposed process by designing a specific building, specifically, an Art Museum building on the campus of Virginia Tech. Finally, the Delphi method is used in order to evaluate the necessity and importance of the proposed approach to the design process and its ability to achieve this goal. A multi-round survey was distributed to measure the consensus among a number of experts regarding the proposed design approach and its developed design tool. Overall, findings refer to a total agreement among the participating experts regarding the proposed design approach with some different concerns regarding the proposed design tool. / Doctor of Philosophy / Achieving a well-designed visual connection to one's surroundings is considered by many philosophers and theorists to be an essential aspect of our spatial experience within built environments. The goal of this research is to help designers to achieve better visual connections to the outside environment and therefore create more meaningful spatial experiences within the built environment. This research aims to enhance the ability of designers to explore the best possible views and make the right design decisions to frame these views of the outdoors from the inside of their buildings. Of course, the physical presence of designers at a building site has been the traditional method of determining the best views; however, this is not always possible during the design process for many reasons. Thus, this research aims to find a more effective alternative to visiting a building site in order to inform each design decision regarding the quality of its visual connection to the outdoors. To do so, this research developed a proposed inside-out design approach to be integrated into the design process. Specifically, it outlines a process that allows the designers to be digitally immersed within an accurate 3D representation of the surrounding context, which will help designers to explore views from multiple angles both inside the space and in response make the most suitable design decision. For further developing the proposed process, it was used during conducting this research to design an Art Museum on Virginia Tech Campus.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie har varit att utforska och skapa ökad förståelse hur konsumenternas köpbeslut och efterköpsbeteende kan förändras av att heminredningsföretag inom e-handeln använder Artificiell Intelligens (AI) samt vilka eventuella konsekvenser AI användandet har på konsumenternas förtroende för företagen.  Problembakgrund: Med tanke på e-handelns framfart och att AI ständigt utvecklas är det relevant att ämnet diskuteras. Förtroende för AI skiljer sig mellan de svenska medborgarna samtidigt som implementeringen av AI ökar hos företagen.   Metod: Studien behandlar hur AI påverkar köpbeslut, efterköpsbeteende och förtroende med utgångspunkt i en kvalitativ studie och med en induktiv forskningsansats. Semistrukturerade intervjuer med femton personer genomfördes för att kunna besvara forskningsfrågorna.  Slutsats: Utifrån studiens empiri och analys kunde slutsatser dras att AI påverkar konsumenternas köpbeslut, efterköpsbeteende och förtroende på olika sätt i vardera steg. Detta ger en indikation från studien att företag som använder AI bör se till att det är genomtänkt och välutvecklat. Slutsatsen är att AI i dagsläget inte används av företag på ett tillräckligt utvecklat sätt utifrån dess potentiella kompetens, därav fyller det inte sin fulla funktion och konsumentens förtroende kan antas påverkas mer negativt än positivt. Om AI istället används på ett mer genomtänkt och välutvecklat sätt påverkar det konsumenternas förtroende positivt. / Purpose: The purpose of this study has been to explore and create greater understanding of how consumers' purchase decisions and post-purchase behavior change as a result of interior design companies in e-commerce using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and what possible consequences AI use has on consumers' trust in the companies. Problem background: Considering the progress of e-commerce and that AI is constantly developing, makes the topic relevant to discuss. Trust in AI differs between Swedish citizens, while the implementation of AI is increasing among companies. Method: The study investigates how AI affects purchase decisions, post-purchase behavior and trust based on a qualitative study with an inductive research approach. Semi-structured interviews with fifteen people were conducted in order to answer the research questions. Conclusion: Based on the study's empirical data and analysis, conclusions could be drawn that AI affects consumers' purchase decisions, post-purchase behavior and trust, in different ways at each stage. This gives an indication from the study that companies using AI should ensure that it is well thought out and well developed. The conclusion is that AI is currently not used by companies in a sufficiently developed way based on its potential competence, therefore it does not fulfill its full function and consumer trust can be assumed to be affected more negatively than positively. Instead, customer trust is enhanced when AI is applied in a well thought out and well developed manner.

This research study aims to obtain a holistic view of the area of store atmospherics, which forms part of the retail industry. A consumer-centred response approach was followed. Store atmospherics and its influence on consumers’ buying behaviour has received very little attention in the literature to date. Consumers’ views on in-store atmospheric elements and the influence of these elements on their buying behaviour were obtained. The primary research aim that was derived from the preliminary literature was therefore to explore the influence of store atmospherics on consumers’ buying behaviour in apparel retail stores in the Tshwane region. The type of research design used in this study was exploratory, making use of a qualitative approach and a communicative technique of interviews. The selected method was focus group interviews and naïve sketches. The data gathered was analysed by means of Tesch’s inductive descriptive coding technique, better known as thematic analysis. It was found that atmospheric elements have the ability to influence consumers in either a subconscious or a conscious way. This has a direct influence on the amount of time that consumers will spend in-store and ultimately influences their buying decisions and behaviour either positively or negatively. This had a direct influence on the amount of time that consumers will spend instore and ultimately influences their buying decisions and behaviours either positively or negatively, meaning that the consumers’ will display either an approach- or avoidance behaviour. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

The aim of this study is to report findings of inquiry into the role that problem-based approach can play in the teaching and learning of Technology in Thabo-Mofutsanyana District in Qwaqwa. This study followed qualitative research methods and ethnographic design informed by the researcher’s desire for the study to be conducted from firsthand knowledge generated in the research setting. The researcher interviewed Grade 9 Technology teachers and experts, observed teaching and learning in two participating and two non-participating secondary schools in Murray & Roberts Technology Olympiad and analysed Technology teachers’ lesson plans and workschedules, portfolios and files of Grade 9 Technology learners. Key findings that this study produced include: PBL is a need in the teaching of Technology; learners function at a higher level of thinking; learners treat concepts at higher and deeper level; learners become more motivated and learners are able to discover theories and make inventions. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Didactics)