Orientador: Fernanda Elizabeth Xidieh Murr / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T02:07:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kurozawa_LouiseEmy_M.pdf: 1139488 bytes, checksum: 483f34ed208f1269e0f4f231ab7713a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Mestrado / Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos

Orientador: Fernanda Elizabeth Xidieh Murr / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T18:27:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_DeniseGomes_D.pdf: 7580530 bytes, checksum: db12199d14d28ee9a851ac02dd6b4351 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve a finalidade de obter acerola em passa utilizando processos combinados de desidratação osmótica e secagem. Foi estudada a influência da desidratação osmótica utilizando soluções binária (água+sacarose) e ternária (água+sacarose+sal) na secagem convectiva de acerola (Malpighia punicifolia L.). Para os pré-tratamentos foram avaliadas as influências do tempo (30 e 90 minutos), temperatura (25 e 60°C) e concentração de sacarose (30 e 60 % p/p) para a solução binária e concentração de sacarose (20 e 50% p/p) para a solução ternária (10% de sal), nas respostas perda de peso, perda de água, ganho de sólidos e na relação ganho de sólidos/perda de água. Para cada solução foi escolhida uma condição para proceder à secagem convectiva e essa condição foi determinada pelo menor valor da relação ganho de sólidos/perda de água. As condições escolhidas foram: solução binária com 60% de sacarose e solução ternária com 50% de sacarose e 10% de sal, ambas na mesma temperatura de 60°C e mesmo tempo de imersão (90 minutos). Foram avaliadas as influências da temperatura (43, 50, 60, 70 e 77°C) e velocidade do ar de secagem (0,50; 0,65; 1,00; 1,35 e 1,50 m/s) nas respostas atividade de água (aw), perda de vitamina C (PC) e tempo de secagem (ts). A acerola desidratada osmoticamente com solução ternária apresentou menores valores de aw, PC e ts. A acerola congelada apresentou os maiores valores de aw, PC e ts, enquanto que a desidratada osmoticamente com solução binária apresentou valores intermediários entre as outras duas condições. Para a análise sensorial foram escolhidos amostras com menores valores de aw, PC e ts. A acerola congelada não foi avaliada sensorialmente por apresentar valores de aw muito elevados, próximos aos valores apresentados pela fruta in natura. A acerola desidratada osmoticamente com solução binária foi a mais aceita pelos provadores situando-se entre as categorias "gostei ligeiramente" e "gostei moderadamente" / Abstract: In the present work it was studied the influence of the osmotic dehydration process using binary (sucrose+water) and ternary (sucrose+salt+water) solutions in the convective drying of acerola fruit (Malpíghía punícífolía L.). Pretreatments were evaluated by influences of immersion time (30 and 90 minutes), temperature (25 and 60°C) and sucrose concentration (30 and 60% w/w) for binary solution and sucrose concentration (20 and 50% w/w) for the ternary solution (10% of salt), on responses of weight loss, water loss, solid gain and solid gain/water loss ratio. For each solution, a condition was stablished to proceed to the convective drying and that condition was determined by the smallest value of the solid gain/water loss ratio. The chosen conditions were: binary solution with 60% of sucrose and ternary solution with 50% of sucrose and 10% of salt, both in the same temperature of 60°C and same immersion time (90 minutes. Influences of temperature (43, 50,60, 70 and 77OC) and air velocities (0,50; 0,65; 1,00; 1,35 and 1,50 m/s) on responses water activity (aw), vitamin C loss (PC) and drying time (ts). Osmotically dehydrated acerola fruit with ternary solution presented smaller values of aw, PC and ts. Frozen acerola fruit presented the largest values of aw, PC and ts, while osmotically dehydrated acerola fruit with binary solution presented intermediate values as compared to other conditions. For sensorial analysis they were chosen samples with smaller values of aw, PC and ts. The frozen acerola fruit was not evaluated in sensorial analysis because presented very high values of aw, close to the values presented by fresh fruit. Osmotically dehydrated acerola fruit with binary solution was more acceptable, with acceptance values in the categories "Iiked lightly" and "liked moderately." / Doutorado / Engenharia de Alimentos / Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos

Orientador: Satoshi Tobinaga / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:31:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_SuezildedaConceicaoAmaral_D.pdf: 14833718 bytes, checksum: 885ff1d5699fbb022622bd073beda170 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Doutorado / Engenharia de Alimentos / Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos

Background: In humans, total body water volume and osmolality are tightly regulated by various homeostatic mechanisms, triggered by deviations in osmolality. Heat and exercise are two stressors, which in combination can cause dehydration, and an increase in fluid osmolality, contributing to health detriments, as well as deficits in aerobic exercise performance. However, it is unclear whether dehydration affects muscular strength. Deep-ocean mineral water has been shown to have benefits on various physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including aerobic performance and muscle strength. Objectives: The aims of this study were to examine any sex differences that may exist in response to dehydration of 3% of body mass, rehydration with various fluids, and the consequences of dehydration and rehydration on muscle power and hydration status. Design: We used a counterbalanced, crossover study design, in which subjects (n=17, 9 males vs 8 females) performed a dehydrating exercise protocol until achieving a 3% body mass loss, and then rehydrated with either deep-ocean mineral water (Deep), mountain spring water (Spring), or a carbohydrate-based sports drink (Sports). Subjects completed the protocol three times, with each subject receiving the rehydrating fluid in a different order to control for order effects. Saliva samples were collected throughout the protocol to measure osmolality, and muscle strength was measured by peak torque leg extension at baseline, post-exercise, and post-rehydration. Results: We found no differences between men and women in baseline or peak salivary osmolality, or in the exercise-induced increase in osmolality. Male subjects took less time to reach 3% body mass loss than females, and females demonstrated lower sweat rates than males. Salivary osmolality returned to baseline after rehydration, with the Deep group exhibiting a significantly more rapid return to baseline, for both sexes, compared to Sports and Spring. Males generated greater peak torque extension than females at baseline, while both males and females displayed a similar significant deficit in this measure following dehydration. Peak torque recovery post-rehydration was significantly affected by fluid designation and sex, and a significant difference was seen between the Deep and the Sports groups in females. Conclusions: Males reached 3% body mass loss faster than females, while dehydration resulted in increased salivary osmolality and muscle strength deficits similarly for males and females. Deep-ocean mineral water had a significant beneficial effect on hydration recovery, for both males and females, compared to the other fluids. Recovery of muscle strength after rehydration was affected by fluid and sex, with the main driver being females.

The object of this paper is to determine the optimum concentration of sulfur dioxide to be used in the commercial dehydration of the sweet potato by this process. Attention has been given to two aspects of the problem, (1) the effect of sulfur dioxide upon the extraction of water from the sweet potato by mechanical means, and (2) the effect of sulfur dioxide upon the stability of the carotene in the sweet potato over a period of several months.

Orientador: Nelson Horacio Pezoa Garcia / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T01:19:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_AntonioCalixto_D.pdf: 1805819 bytes, checksum: ea139fe6e1ab6890ae9fa0148511ea3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: A pesquisa objetivou contribuir para a redução das perdas do pseudofruto de caju, estimadas em 1 bilhão kg/ano. Realizou-se a desidratação osmótica a vácuo do pseudofruto de caju do clone CCP 76, empregando-se suco de caju clarificado e concentrado a vácuo com 65°Brix como agente osmótico. A partir da Metodologia de Superfície de Respostas foram definidas as combinações do binômio tempo*temperatura que permitem a obtenção dos melhores rendimentos do processo: 40°C/100min e 36°C/140min. Nestas condições obteve-se, respectivamente, perda de peso da ordem de 32,67 e 31,50%, incorporação de sólidos de 5,37 e 6,20% e perda de umidade de 38,58 e 36,37%. Na desidratação osmótica à pressão ambiente de rodelas de pedúnculos de caju, foram testados os fatores tempo (90, 112, 165, 218 e 240min), temperatura (30; 35; 40; 45 e 50°C) e concentração do suco de caju (55, 60, 65, 70 e 75°Brix). Verificou-se aumento da perda de peso, da perda de umidade, de sólidos totais e da incorporação de sólidos com a elevação dos níveis das variáveis independentes. Foram realizados testes de aceitação sensorial de nove formulações que permitiram selecionar três barras de caju cujos pedúnculos foram desidratados por processos de liofilização, em secador solar e por ar quente em estufas, após terem sido submetidos à desidratação osmótica. As três barras de caju selecionadas foram estocadas por 360 dias, e a intervalos de 45-60 dias foram realizadas análises que demontraram serem estáveis física, química e microbiológicamente. As características sensoriais de todas as barras se mantiveram sem alterações e apresentaram boa aceitação ao longo de todo o período de avaliação, recebendo notas para intenção de compra acima de quatro (4) e médias superiores a sete (7) para os atributos textura, aparência, sabor e aceitação global / Abstract: The aim of this research was to contribute to reduction of cashew apple losses, estimated at 1 billion kg/year. Vacuum osmotic dehydration of the cashew apple clone CCP 76 was done using clarified cashew juice concentrated to 65oBrix as the osmotic agent. Response Surface Methodology was used to define the best time temperature combinations: 40°C/100min and 36°C/140min. Under these conditions the following results were obtained, respectively, 32.67 and 31.50% weight loss, 5.37 and 6.20% solids incorporation, 38.58 and 36.37% moisture loss. For the osmotic dehydration at ambient pressure of cashew apple discs, the factors tested were time (90, 112, 165, 218 and 240min), temperature (30, 35, 40, 45 and 50°C) and cashew juice concentration (55, 60, 65, 70 and 75°Brix). Increases in the levels of the independent variables resulted in increases in weight loss, moisture loss and total solids and solids incorporation. Acceptance tests were performed for nine formulations allowing for the selection of three cashew bars, whose peduncles were dried by freeze drying, solar drying and hot air, after being osmotically dried. The three cashew bars selected were stored and analyzed every 45-60 days for their physical, chemical and microbiological stability. The sensoriy characteristics of all the bars remained unchanged and presented good acceptability throughout the period studied, receiving scores for purchase intent above four (4) and averages above seven (7) for the the attributes of texture, appearance, flavor and overall acceptability / Doutorado / Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Orientadores: Reginaldo Guirardello, Maria Regina Wolf Maciel / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T21:49:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Stinguel_Lucas_M.pdf: 1977338 bytes, checksum: 117f124dbe6de9464d8e0ea3c2274878 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Um dos principais problemas na produção de etanol é o elevado custo energético associado a sua separação por causa do excesso de água e a existência de um azeótropo na mistura etanol-água, levando em conta que através da destilação convencional esta mistura só pode ser separada até um máximo de 95% em peso. Para produzir o etanol anidro é necessário mais um tipo de destilação, chamada de desidratação, onde as mais utilizadas são as destilações azeotrópica e extrativa, mas a produção via adsorção vem crescendo bastante nos últimos anos devido a necessidade de um produto mais puro. No entanto o projeto de adsorção para separar o etanol da água é muito trabalhoso, já que este deve operar em ciclos, isso leva ao uso da simulação como uma saída para o projeto de um processo de adsorção. Entre os simuladores disponíveis no mercado existe o EMSO, que é um simulador de fácil acesso e gratuito, porém o EMSO não possui um modelo de adsorção dentro de sua biblioteca. Com isso o objetivo principal do presente trabalho é a implementação de um modelo de adsorção no software EMSO para a separação da mistura etanol-água. O modelo matemático utilizado neste trabalho foi retirado da literatura, o qual foi utilizado para desidratação de etanol em um ciclo de adsorção completo. As simulações de adsorção foram realizadas com o tempo total de 345s, já que esse é o tempo gasto para que uma coluna fique saturada em um ciclo de adsorção. Foi atingindo o perfil de fração molar de agua satisfatório nas simulações o que leva a concluir que o software EMSO pode muito bem ser utilizado para a simulação de um processo de separação da mistura etanol-água por adsorção / Abstract: A major problem in ethanol production is the high energy cost associated with their separation because of excess water and the existence of an azeotrope in ethanol-water mixture, taking into account that through the conventional distillation this mixture can be separated to a maximum of 95% by weight. To produce anhydrous ethanol is required another distillation type, called dehydration, where the most used are the azeotropic and extractive distillation, but the production by adsorption has increased greatly in recent years because of the need for a more pure product. However the adsorption project to separate ethanol from water is very laborious, since it must operate in cycles, this leads to the use of simulation as an outlet for the design of an adsorption process. Among the simulators available in the market there is EMSO, which is an easily accessible and free simulator, but EMSO has no adsorption model in your library. Thus the main objective of this work is the implementation of an adsorption model in EMSO software to separate the ethanol-water mixture. The mathematical model used in this study were taken from the literature, which was used for ethanol dehydration in a complete adsorption cycle. The adsorption simulations were performed with the total time of 345s, since this is the time taken for a column is saturated in an adsorption cycle. The water mole fraction profile satisfactorily in the simulations which leads to the conclusion that the EMSO software may well be used for the simulation of a process of separation of ethanol-water mixture by adsorption has been reached / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

[EN] The project of this Ph.D. thesis is based on a co-supervised collaboration between Università di Bologna, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM (Italy) and Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València ITQ-UPV (Spain). This Ph.D. thesis is about the synthesis, characterization and catalytic testing of complex mixed-oxide catalysts mainly related to the family of Hexagonal Tungsten Bronzes (HTBs). These materials have been little explored as catalysts, although they have a great potential as multifunctional materials. Their peculiar acid properties can be coupled to other functionalities (e.g. redox sites) by isomorphous substitution of tungsten atoms with other transition metals such as vanadium, niobium and molybdenum. In this PhD thesis, it was demonstrated how it is possible to prepare substituted-HTBs by hydrothermal synthesis; these mixed-oxide were fully characterize by a number of physicochemical techniques such as XPS, HR-TEM, XAS etc. They were also used as catalysts for the one-pot glycerol oxidehydration to acrylic acid; this reaction might represent a viable chemical route to solve the important issue related to the co-production of glycerin along the biodiesel production chain. Acrylic acid yields as high as 51% were obtained and important structure-reactivity correlations were proved to govern the catalytic performance; only fine tuning of acid and redox properties as well as the in-framework presence of vanadium are fundamental to achieve noteworthy yields into the acid monomer. The overall results reported herein might represent an important contribution for future applications of HTBs in catalysis as well as a general guideline for a multifaceted approach for their physicochemical characterization. / [ES] El proyecto de esta tesis doctoral está basado en un convenio de cotutela firmado por la Università di Bologna, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM (Italia) y el Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València ITQ-UPV (España). La presente tesis doctoral muestra el estudio sobre la síntesis, caracterización y ensayos catalíticos de materiales complejos a base de óxidos mixtos relacionados con la familia de los bronces de tungsteno hexagonales. Estos materiales han sido utilizados minoritariamente como catalizadores, aunque tienen un potencial importante come materiales multifuncionales. Sus peculiares propiedades acidas pueden ser acopladas con otras características (por ejemplo, sitios oxido-reductivos) a través de la substitución isomórfica de átomos de tungsteno con otros metales de transición como vanadio, niobio y molibdeno. En esta tesis doctoral se ha demostrado como sea posible preparar bronces de tungsteno hexagonales substituidos a través de síntesis hidrotermal; estos óxidos mixtos fueron caracterizados por completo empleando numerosas técnicas de caracterización quimico-fisicas como XPS, HR-TEM, XAS etc. Fueron también utilizados como catalizadores para la síntesis directa de acido acrílico de glicerol; esta es una reacción que puede representar una solución viable para el problema relacionado con la coproducción de glicerina a lo largo de la cadena productiva del biodiesel. Rendimientos en acido acrílico hasta el 51% fueron obtenidos y importantes relaciones entre las estructuras y la actividad catalítica fueron demostradas ser determinantes para el proceso catalítico; solo la afinación de las propiedades acidas y redox tanto como la presencia en-red de vanadio son esenciales para conseguir rendimientos relevantes en el monómero acido. En general, los resultados presentados en esta tesis doctoral pueden ser una contribución relevante para futuras aplicaciones de los bronces de tungsteno hexagonales en catálisis y también como una guía general para un completa caracterización quimico-fisica de estos oxidos. / [CAT] Esta tesi doctoral està basada en un conveni de cotutela signat per la Università di Bologna, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM (Italia) i el Institut de Tecnologia Química , Universitat Politècnica de València ITQ-UPV(Espanya). La present tesi doctoral estudia la síntesis, caracterització i assajos catalítics de òxids mixtes relacionats amb la família dels bronzes de tungstèn hexagonals. Aquestos materials presenten un gran potencial com materials multi funcionals, encara que no han sigut molt emprats com catalitzadors. Les propietats àcides particulars de aquestos materials poden ser potenciades amb altres característiques (per exemple, llocs redox) mitjançant la substitució isomòrfica d'àtoms de tungstèn amb altres metalls de transició com vanadi, niobi i molibdè. En aquesta tesi doctoral es demostra com es possible sintetitzar bronzes de tungstèn hexagonals substituïts a partir de síntesis hidrotermal. Aquestos òxids mixtes han segut caracteritzats emprant diverses tècniques de caracterització físico-químiques com XPS, HR-TEM, XAS, etc... Per altra part, s'han utilitzat com catalitzadors per a la síntesis directa de àcid acrílic a partir de glicerol, aquesta reacció pot representar una solució viable per al problema relacionat amb la coproducció de glicerina al llarg de la cadena productiva de biodiesel. S'han obtingut rendiments a àcid acrílic del 51%. A més, s'han observat importants relacions entre les estructures i la activitat catalítica, les quals han sigut determinants per al procés catalític. El ajust de les propietats àcides i redox i la presència en red de vanadi són essencials per a obtindre rendiments rellevants en el monòmer àcid. En general, el resultats presentats en aquesta tesi doctoral poden ser una contribució rellevant per a futures aplicacions del bronzes de tungstèn hexagonal en catàlisis i també com una guia general per a una completa caracterització físico-química d'aquestos òxids. / Chieregato, A. (2015). Glycerol oxidehydration to acrylic acid on complex mixed-metal oxides [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/49558 / TESIS

Many clinicians believe exercise associated muscle cramps (EAMC) occur because of dehydration and electrolyte losses. Experimental research supporting this theory is lacking. Mild hypohydration (3% body mass loss) does not alter cramp threshold frequency (TF), a measure of cramp susceptibility, when fatigue and exercise intensity are controlled. No experimental research has examined TF following significant (3-5% body mass loss) or serious hypohydration (>5% body mass loss). TF and blood variables of ten subjects were measured pre-post exercise. Subjects exercised in an environmental heat chamber alternating between upper arm ergometry and non-dominant leg cycling every 15 minutes until they lost 5% of their body mass or were too exhausted to continue. Significant (n=5) or serious hypohydration (n=5) did not alter cramp TF, cramp intensity, or cramp EMG amplitude. Significant and serious hypohydration with moderate electrolyte losses does not alter cramp susceptibility when fatigue and exercise intensity are controlled.

<p>There is a considerable body of evidence suggestive that dehydration can negatively impact voice production. However, our understanding of the underlying biology and physiological changes, particularly at the molecular level,  that contribute to this dysphonia are limited. Further, our ability to assess underlying changes in humans is restricted largely to post-mortem tissue or tissue resected during interventional vocal fold surgery, both of which are subject to bias in age and disease state. Here we have utilized a New Zealand white rabbit model of vocal fold dehydration to probe the <em>in vivo</em> molecular response to dehydration, focusing on differential gene and protein regulation. In the first study, a single 8-hour exposure to low humidity was used to induce airway surface dehydration. RNA Sequencing was used to obtain a global snapshot of differential transcriptional regulation. This informed a second study wherein 8-hour exposures to low humidity over 15 consecutive days were used and followed by LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis to interrogate potential functional changes. In the third study, systemic dehydration was induced with a 5-day water restriction protocol. A third rehydrated group was included that returned to <em>ad libitum</em> consumption for 3 days. LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis was used. We have found evidence for transcriptional and protein expression changes under both dehydration paradigms. Our findings serve to inform our molecular biological understanding of dehydration of the vocal folds with implications to prophylaxis against and clinical intervention thereof. </p>