This dissertation is dedicated to study the design and utilization of financial contracts and pricing mechanisms for managing the demand/price risks in electricity markets and the price risks in carbon emission markets from different perspectives. We address the issues pertaining to the efficient computational algorithms for pricing complex financial options which include many structured energy financial contracts and the design of economic mechanisms for managing the risks associated with increasing penetration of renewable energy resources and with trading emission allowance permits in the restructured electric power industry. To address the computational challenges arising from pricing exotic energy derivatives designed for various hedging purposes in electricity markets, we develop a generic computational framework based on a fast transform method, which attains asymptotically optimal computational complexity and exponential convergence. For the purpose of absorbing the variability and uncertainties of renewable energy resources in a smart grid, we propose an incentive-based contract design for thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) to encourage end users' participation as a source of DR. Finally, we propose a market-based approach to mitigate the emission permit price risks faced by generation companies in a cap-and-trade system. Through a stylized economic model, we illustrate that the trading of properly designed financial options on emission permits reduces permit price volatility and the total emission reduction cost.

Submitted by Marcos Barreto de Faria Pinho (marcosbfpinho@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-26T20:57:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Marcos Barreto.pdf: 446358 bytes, checksum: 6a5c10b76c1695fba41563a1c81f798d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Gammaro (gisele.gammaro@fgv.br) on 2014-08-29T17:23:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Marcos Barreto.pdf: 446358 bytes, checksum: 6a5c10b76c1695fba41563a1c81f798d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Gammaro (gisele.gammaro@fgv.br) on 2014-08-29T17:38:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Marcos Barreto.pdf: 446358 bytes, checksum: 6a5c10b76c1695fba41563a1c81f798d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-23T13:59:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Marcos Barreto.pdf: 446358 bytes, checksum: 6a5c10b76c1695fba41563a1c81f798d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-23 / Electricity is fundamental to the development of any country and Brazil is curently undergoing an energy crisis due to the low level of its reservoirs, so many topics about the Brazilan electrical system come to light in order to give more reliabilty and prevent future energy rationing, thus alowing the energy shortage is not an impeditve to economic growth. This study estimates the potential reduction of electricity demand in the state of Rio de Janeiro via the variable pricing model that consists in having diferent prices for peak hours and of-peak. This is one of several existing demand response programs in the world. Order to calculate model results, the main asumptions are the projection of peak demand, the number of consumers per clas and the price elasticity of electricity demand. From that moment thre scenarios are sugested of AMI (advanced metering infrastructure) penetration and thre scenarios of price variations, thus reaching nine posible outcomes. / A energia elétrica é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de qualquer país e o Brasil atravessa atualmente uma crise energética devido ao baixo nível de seus reservatórios, então diversos temas sobre o sistema elétrico brasileiro vêm à tona a fim de dar mais confiabilidade e evitar futuros racionamentos, permitindo assim que a escassez de energia não seja um impeditivo para o crescimento econômico do país. O presente estudo calcula o potencial de redução de demanda por energia elétrica no estado do Rio de Janeiro através do modelo de preço variável, que consiste em ter tarifas distintas para o horário de ponta e fora de ponta. Este é um entre diversos programas de eficiência energética existentes no mundo atualmente. Para tal cálculo as principais premissas são a projeção de demanda máxima coincidente, o número de consumidores por classe e a elasticidade preço da demanda por energia elétrica. A partir dai são sugeridos três cenários de penetração de AMI (Advanced Metering infrastructure), e três cenários de variação de preço, chegando assim a nove resultados possíveis.

The Swedish energy power system is in the middle of a paradigm shift where the increased share of intermittent energy sources place higher demand on the ability to regulate and balance the generation and consumption of electricity. Demand flexibility, which means that consumers can adjust their energy consumption, is a promising solution to manage the imbalance in the power system. Electric heat pumps in residential buildings are recognized to have potential to serve as a flexible load. In this thesis, an aggregated multi-family residential building model is developed to generate heat load profiles for a larger number of buildings which facilitate an assessment of the heat pump flexibility. The flexibility assessment is performed for a local distribution grid area with 174 buildings and an electricity price region in Sweden with 10 146 buildings with heat pumps. The flexibility assessment analyses the heat pump load deviation between a base load case and a case where the heat pumps receive an off-signal. The assessment takes into consideration seven flexibility parameters and is conducted for ambient temperatures between -20°C and 15°C. The thermal inertia of multi-family residential buildings facilitates a load shift with a duration of 4.4 to 9.8 hours depending on the ambient temperature. The maximal average power reduction for one hour of 10 MW in a distribution grid and 169 MW in an electricity price region illustrates the potential of using heat pumps as a demand flexibility solution in the electricity grid.

Submitted by WALDEMAR PEREIRA MATHIAS NETO null (waldemarmathias@gmail.com) on 2016-10-04T02:26:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MATHIAS-NETO-TESE-2016.pdf: 2428868 bytes, checksum: 0bbed2a47b06389d32f691db8e5364cd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-10-07T13:22:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mathiasneto_wp_dr_ilha.pdf: 2428868 bytes, checksum: 0bbed2a47b06389d32f691db8e5364cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-07T13:22:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mathiasneto_wp_dr_ilha.pdf: 2428868 bytes, checksum: 0bbed2a47b06389d32f691db8e5364cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-05 / Fundação de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão de Ilha Solteira (FEPISA) / Os modernos sistemas aéreos de distribuição de energia elétrica são projetados para operar com altos índices de confiabilidade. Todavia, interrupções de fornecimento podem ocorrer a qualquer momento e causadas pelos mais diversos fatores, tais como, vendavais, árvores, ou ainda, colisão de veículos com a rede. Portanto, para garantir o mínimo impacto destas interrupções nos índices de confiabilidade da rede, áreas sem fornecimento devem ser reenergizadas tão rá- pido quanto possível. Este processo de reenergização do sistema é comumente denominado restauração. O principal objetivo do processo de restauração é restabelecer o maior número de cargas, no menor intervalo de tempo possível, por meio de uma sequência de aberturas e fechamentos de chaves de manobras. A existência de um conjunto de chaves seccionadoras estrategicamente posicionadas na rede permite que a estrutura malhada dos sistemas de distribuição opere com topologias radiais. Portanto, a execução de uma sequência de manobras é capaz de alterar a topologia radial da rede e restabelecer as cargas previamente sem fornecimento de energia. Este trabalho propõe uma nova metodologia para solução do problema de restauração de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica baseado no uso conjunto da meta-heurística de busca tabu, a representação nó-profundidade (RNP) e seus operadores PAO e CAO. Os operadores da RNP são empregados para originar a vizinhança da meta-heurística de busca tabu. Um novo operador foi introduzido e alterações nos demais operadores foram realizadas para possibilitar soluções factíveis em sistemas com alto carregamento. O problema é formulado através de um modelo não linear inteiro misto e considera a minimização dos custo da interrupção não programada como objetivo do problema. Os limites operacionais da rede são avaliados durante o intervalo previsto para a rede permanecer no estado restaurativo. Estes limites caracterizam as restrições do problema. Ao modelo matemático foi incluído a geração distribuída e cargas remotamente controladas como ferramentas de apoio à restauração. Os geradores distribuídos são modelados através de curvas horárias de geração, em função de sua tecnologia, e as cargas são modeladas através de curvas que consideram o perfil de consumo. Adicionalmente, cargas controladas termostaticamente também foram incluídas ao modelo. Por fim, a técnica de solução proposta é avaliada através de um sistema teste baseado no sistema de distribuição IEEE de 37 barras em oito diferentes cenários. Os resultados obtidos indicam a viabilidade da metodologia para a solução do problema de restauração de sistemas de distribui- ção. / The modern overhead power distribution systems are designed to operate with high reliability indices. However, power outages may occur at any time and caused by several factors, such aswindstorms, trees or vehicle collision with the network. Therefore, to ensure minimal impact of these interruptions in network reliability indices, out-of-service areas, which are not affected by the permanent fault, should be re-energized as fast as possible. The process of system reenergizing is called restoration. The main purpose of restoration process is to restore the largest amount of load, as fast as possible, through a sequence of switching actions. The existence of several switchgears, strategically allocated in the network, allows the meshed distribution systems work with radial topologies. Therefore, performing a sequence of maneuvers, automatically or manually, may change the radial grid topology and restore the loads previously without a power supply. This work proposes a new methodology to solve the distribution system restoration problem based on the joint use of tabu search meta-heuristic, the node-depth encoding (NDE) and its operators (PAO and CAO). The NDE operators are used to buid the neighborhood of tabu search meta-heuristic. A new operator was introduced and changes in other operators were carried out to allow feasible solutions in systems with heavy loading. The proposed mathematical model minimize the cost of unscheduled outage aim of the problem. The problem of restrictions are characterized by the operating limits of the network and evaluated periodically while the network remains in the restorative state. Additionally, the use of distributed generation and controlled remotely loads are considered to support the restoration tools. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear mixed-integer model. The main goal is minimize the cost of unscheduled interruption. The operating limits of the network are evaluated while it remains in the restorative state.. These limits characterize the constraints of the problem. At the mathematical model was included distributed generation and loads remotely controlled as support tools. The distributed generators are modeled by its hourly curves and the loads are modeled through curves with their consumption profile. Additionally, controlled thermostatically loads were also included into the mathematical model. Finally, the proposed solution is evaluated through a modified test system based on the IEEE 37-bus feeder test system. Eight different scenarios was evaluated. The results indicate the feasibility of the methodology to solve the distribution systems restoration problem. / FEPISA: 011/2011

Orientador: José Roberto Sanches Mantovani / Resumo: Os modernos sistemas aéreos de distribuição de energia elétrica são projetados para operar com altos índices de confiabilidade. Todavia, interrupções de fornecimento podem ocorrer a qualquer momento e causadas pelos mais diversos fatores, tais como, vendavais, árvores, ou ainda, colisão de veículos com a rede. Portanto, para garantir o mínimo impacto destas interrupções nos índices de confiabilidade da rede, áreas sem fornecimento devem ser reenergizadas tão rá- pido quanto possível. Este processo de reenergização do sistema é comumente denominado restauração. O principal objetivo do processo de restauração é restabelecer o maior número de cargas, no menor intervalo de tempo possível, por meio de uma sequência de aberturas e fechamentos de chaves de manobras. A existência de um conjunto de chaves seccionadoras estrategicamente posicionadas na rede permite que a estrutura malhada dos sistemas de distribuição opere com topologias radiais. Portanto, a execução de uma sequência de manobras é capaz de alterar a topologia radial da rede e restabelecer as cargas previamente sem fornecimento de energia. Este trabalho propõe uma nova metodologia para solução do problema de restauração de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica baseado no uso conjunto da meta-heurística de busca tabu, a representação nó-profundidade (RNP) e seus operadores PAO e CAO. Os operadores da RNP são empregados para originar a vizinhança da meta-heurística de busca tabu. Um novo operador foi introduzido e ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

本研究針對先進國家「用戶群代表」制度之政策與法規進行探討，並進一步探討如何施行於台灣電力市場。首先定義並解釋「用戶群代表」涵意後，整理出先進國家(包含美國、歐盟、德國、澳洲、韓國五個地區與EnerNOC、Comverge、CPower、OhmConnect四個公司)的用戶群代表商業模式案例，藉由文獻分析與個案研究，觀察先進國家政策方向與用戶群代表市場定位差異。同時，本研究由我國用戶群代表相關制度法規，探討用戶群代表於我國電力市場實施之適法性。此外，本研究根據文獻回顧整理出發展用戶群代表制度的關鍵成功因素，並詳細探討我國當前條件是否適合發展。最後針對政府與台電、產業界、學術界、電力用戶的不同角度，提出可行的政策法規建議。 / This thesis explores the policies and regulations of aggregator systems in advanced countries and explores how to implement aggregator system in Taiwan electricity market. In order to achieve this objective, we first define and elaborate the meanings of aggregator. Then, experience and case studies of USA, European Union, Germany, Australia and Korea are studied. In addition, business models of four aggregators, EnerNOC, Comverge, CPower and OhmConnect are presented. Furthermore, we examine current related regulations of an aggregator in Taiwan electricity market for feasibility analysis. In addition, this study summarizes the key success factors of the development of aggregator systems according to the literature review, and discusses in detail whether Taiwan's current conditions are suitable for development. Finally, market models and policy regulations in relation to the aggregator are recommended.

Local electricity markets can be defined broadly as 'future electricity market designs involving domestic customers, demand-side response and energy storage'. Like current deregulated electricity markets, these localised derivations present specific stochastic optimisation problems in which the dynamic and random nature of the market is intertwined with the physical needs of its participants. Moreover, the types of contracts and constraints in this setting are such that 'games' naturally emerge between the agents. Advanced modelling techniques beyond classical mathematical finance are therefore key to their analysis. This thesis aims to study contracts in these local electricity markets using the mathematical theories of stochastic optimal control and games. Chapter 1 motivates the research, provides an overview of the electricity market in Great Britain, and summarises the content of this thesis. It introduces three problems which are studied later in the thesis: a simple control problem involving demand-side management for domestic customers, and two examples of games within local electricity markets, one of them involving energy storage. Chapter 2 then reviews the literature most relevant to the topics discussed in this work. Chapter 3 investigates how electric space heating loads can be made responsive to time varying prices in an electricity spot market. The problem is formulated mathematically within the framework of deterministic optimal control, and is analysed using methods such as Pontryagin's Maximum Principle and Dynamic Programming. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate how the control strategies perform on real market data. The problem of Chapter 3 is reformulated in Chapter 4 as one of optimal switching in discrete-time. A martingale approach is used to establish the existence of an optimal strategy in a very general setup, and also provides an algorithm for computing the value function and the optimal strategy. The theory is exemplified by a numerical example for the motivating problem. Chapter 5 then continues the study of finite horizon optimal switching problems, but in continuous time. It also uses martingale methods to prove the existence of an optimal strategy in a fairly general model. Chapter 6 introduces a mathematical model for a game contingent claim between an electricity supplier and generator described in the introduction. A theory for using optimal switching to solve such games is developed and subsequently evidenced by a numerical example. An optimal switching formulation of the aforementioned game contingent claim is provided for an abstract Markovian model of the electricity market. The final chapter studies a balancing services contract between an electricity transmission system operator (SO) and the owner of an electric energy storage device (battery operator or BO). The objectives of the SO and BO are combined in a non-zero sum stochastic differential game where one player (BO) uses a classic control with continuous effects, whereas the other player (SO) uses an impulse control (discontinuous effects). A verification theorem proving the existence of Nash equilibria in this game is obtained by recursion on the solutions to Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman variational PDEs associated with non-zero sum controller-stopper games.

With increasing intermittency from renewable energy production, such as solar and wind power, the need for increased flexibility is quickly arising. The Åland Islands have an ambitious energy transition agenda with the goal of having a 100 % renewable energy system. Since there is no possibility of hydropower acting as regulatory power on Åland, reaching the goal is a challenging task. Increasing flexibility can be achieved by either implementing energy storage in the system or by matching the demand with the production.   The purpose of this study was to estimate and evaluate the technical potential of demand response (DR) on Åland, both in 2019 and for a scenario in 2030 when domestic production of wind and solar have increased. Six areas of interest were identified; electric heating, refrigeration processes, lighting, ventilation and air conditioning, electric vehicles and industries. Electricity import from Sweden to Åland was examined since high import coincides with either low domestic renewable production or high consumption. Import is therefore a good indicator for when flexibility is most required.  The results show that the technical potential of DR on Åland can lower the maximum electricity import from Sweden by 18 % in 2019. 4.3 % of the total import can be moved to times when there is less stress on the grid. Electric heating is the biggest contributor, and can by itself lower the import with three fourths of the total reduction. The domestic renewable production for 2019 is too low for DR to have an effect on the self-sufficiency. In 2030, the self-sufficiency and utilization of domestic renewable production could be increased with 4.2-9.9 % and 5.4-12 % respectively when using DR, depending on if vehicle-to-grid is implemented on a large scale or not. The cost of implementing DR is still uncertain, and varies between different resources. Nonetheless, DR in electric heating is presumably a less expensive alternative in comparison to batteries, while providing a similar service.

The high penetration of renewable energies (RE) in power systems is increasing the volatile production on the generation side and the presence of distributed energy resources (DER) over the territory. On the other hand, Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) are an aggregation of DER managed as a single entity to promote flexibility services to power systems. Therefore, VPPs are a valid approach to cope with the arising challenges in the power system related to RE penetration. This report defines the concept of a utility-scale VPP, as a tool to stabilize the grid and increase the flexibility capacity in power systems. For this purpose, the report places special emphasis in the use cases that can be developed with a utility-scale VPP. Nevertheless, implementing a utility-scale VPP is a complex procedure, as VPP solutions are highly customizable depending on the scope and the conditions of each project. For this reason, this report analyses the main factors that must be taken into account when implementing a VPP solution. The report concludes that the two most critical factors that define the viability of a VPP project are, first, the energy market design and regulatory framework and second, the technical requirements. These two must always align with the scope of the project and the use cases intended to be developed. Further, other minor factors, including a cost estimate for a VPP solution, are also considered in the report. / Den höga penetrationen av förnybara energier i kraftsystem ökar den flyktiga produktionen på produktionssidan och närvaron av distribuerade energiresurser över territoriet. Å andra sidan är virtuella kraftverk en sammanställning av distribuerade energiresurser som hanteras som en enda enhet för att främja flexibilitetstjänster till kraftsystem. Därför är virtuella kraftverk: er en giltig strategi för att hantera de uppkomna utmaningarna i kraftsystemet relaterat till förnybara energier genomslag. I denna rapport definieras konceptet med en virtuella kraftverk verktygsskala som ett verktyg för att stabilisera nätet och öka flexibilitetskapaciteten i kraftsystem. För detta ändamål lägger rapporten särskild tonvikt på användningsfall som kan utvecklas med en virtuella kraftverk-nytta. Trots det är implementering av en virtuella kraftverknyckelskala en komplex procedur, eftersom virtuella kraftverk-lösningar är mycket anpassningsbara beroende på omfattning och villkor för varje projekt. Av denna anledning analyserar denna rapport de viktigaste faktorerna som måste beaktas vid implementering av en VPP-lösning. Rapporten drar slutsatsen att de två mest kritiska faktorerna som definierar ett virtuella kraftverk projekts livskraft är, dels energimarknadens utformning och regelverk och för det andra de tekniska kraven. Dessa två måste alltid anpassa sig till projektets omfattning och användningsfall som är avsedda att utvecklas. Vidare beaktas även andra mindre faktorer, inklusive en kostnadsuppskattning för en virtuella kraftverk lösning, i rapporten.

Sweden is undergoing energy transition to become a zero-carbon economy with electricity production aims at 100% from renewable resources by 2040. Sweden also has a national goal to have fossil-free vehicle fleet by 2030. The increasing share of intermittent renewable resources creates growth in mismatches between electricity supply and demand. Demand flexibility provides solution to imbalances in power system where the prosumers can regulate their energy consumption. Demand response (DR) mechanism could be beneficial to power gird stability. Electric heat pumps serve as a pool of flexible load meanwhile the thermal inertia of the residential buildings serves as thermal energy storage. In this thesis, a techno-economic analysis of demand flexibility from heat pumps for residential buildings located in central Örebro is carried out with assistance of building energy simulations. This thesis aims to improve the intelligence of this existing buildings by comprehending the size of thermal inertia availability according to different heat demand, building envelope materials, ventilation systems, weather conditions and user behaviors. Two multi-family residential buildings, Klockarängsvägen and Pärllöken, are selected for case study and compared in terms of thermal inertia and avoided peak power fees in avoided peak power fee from flexible heat pump loads. Both buildings use heat pumps for space heating and domestic hot water supply. Electricity billings are subscribed to power tariff scheme, which makes peak power shifting more profitable. On the coldest day scenario when the ambient temperature is -20°C, Pärllöken’s indoor temperature drops from 21°C to 19.1°C if heat pump is turned off for an hour. Klockarängsvägen’s indoor temperature drops from 21°C to 16.6°C if heat pump is turned off for an hour. At the lowest indoor temperature setpoint of 18°C, Pärllöken demonstrates a maximum power-shift capacity of 25 kW and heatshift capacity of 75 kWh on the coldest day. That of Klockarängsvägen is a maximum power-shift capacity of 20 kW and heat-shift capacity of 20 kWh. With larger building thermal inertia and more power-shift capacity, Pärllöken is undoubtedly the winner thanks to concrete wall materials, heavier building thermal mass, balanced ventilation, heat recovery system, and higher window class. In economic analysis, based on the proposed energy models, two control strategy options in Pärllöken are considered. Economic analysis focuses on winter season from October to March. Option 1 operates heat pump in variable capacity control mode at part load capacity. Option 2 operates in fixed capacity on/off -4- control. In winter season, Pärllöken saves 1 646 SEK in Option 1 and 2 273 SEK in Option 2. Klockarängsvägen only considers Option 1 for economic analysis, which results in 20 948 SEK avoided peak power fee. Option 2 for Klockarängsvägen exceeds indoor temperature setpoint very quickly mainly due to poorer building envelope insulation in which conserves lower thermal inertia. / Sverige genomgår en energitransformation för att bli en fossilfri ekonomi som siktar på att ha en elproduktion från 100% förnybara resurser år 2040. Sverige har också ett nationellt mål att ha en fossilfri fordonsflotta till 2030. Den ökande andelen av intermittenta förnybara resurser bidrar till ökning av obalans mellan produktion och efterfråga av elektricitet. Efterfrågeflexibilitet ger en lösning på problemet med obalanser i energisystemet där prosumenter kan reglera sin energiförbrukning. Efterfrågeflexibilitet kan vara fördelaktigt för kraft- och nätstabilitet. Elektriska värmepumpar kan agera som en stor flexibel last samtidigt som fastighetens termiska tröghet fungerar som värmeenergilagring. I denna avhandling utförs en teknisk-ekonomisk analys av efterfrågeflexibilitet från värmepumpar för två bostadshus beläget i centrala Örebro med hjälp av energisimuleringar av fastigheten. Genom denna avhandling syftar författaren på att höja intelligensen av de befintliga fastigheterna genom att undersöka storleken av den termiska trögheten som finns tillgänglig med avseende på olika värmescenario, byggnadsmaterial, ventilationssystem, väderförhållanden och användarbeteenden. Två flerfamiljshus, Klockarängsvägen och Pärllöken, väljs för jämförelse med avseende på den termisk tröghet som bidrar mest till efterfrågeflexibiliteten. De två utvalda fastigheterna använder värmepumpar för värme och varmvatten. Båda fastigheterna faktureras enligt effektabonnemang, vilket gör effektutjämning mer lönsamt. I det kallaste scenariot, när omgivningstemperaturen är -20°C, faller Pärllökens inomhustemperatur från 21°C till 19,1°C och Klockarängsvägens inomhustemperatur sjunker till 16,6°C om värmetillförseln stängs av i en timme. Under det lägsta börvärdet för inomhustemperatur på 18°C visar Pärllöken en maximal effektförskjutningskapacitet på 25 kW och för Klockarängsvägen-byggnader 20 kW. Med hänsyn till fastighetens termiska tröghet är Pärllöken utan tvekan vinnaren på grund av betong som väggsmaterial, högre termisk massa, balanserad ventilation, värmeåtervinningssystem och högre energiklass på fönsterglasen. Ovanstående skäl gör att Pärllökens termiska tidskonstant är minst tre gånger längre innan temperaturen når det lägsta börvärdet på 18°C, jämfört med Klockarängsvägen. Detta ger att Pärllöken har en högre förskjutningskapacitet av värme på 75 kWh jämfört med Klockarängsvägens maximala förskjutningskapacitet på 20 kWh. I en ekonomisk analys, baserat på författarens framtagna energimodeller, beaktas två styrstrategier i Pärllöken. Den ekonomiska analysen fokuserar på vintersäsongen från oktober till mars. Alternativ 1 driver värmepumpen med partiell kapacitet enligt reglerbar effekt. Alternativ 2 stänger av värmepumpen helt. Under vintersäsongen sparar Pärllöken 1 646 SEK med Alternativ 1 och 2 273 SEK med Alternativ 2. Klockarängsvägen använder sig endast av Alternativ 1 för en ekonomisk analys, vilket resulterar i en kostnadsbesparing på 20 948 SEK. En förstudie med värmepump i kombination med andra förnybara tekniker så som solceller på Klockarängsvägen genomförs för att undersöka potentialen av energibesparing. Kombinationen ger dock inte en positiv effekt på grund av den låga solinstrålningen under vintertid.