by Stephen Eugene Parr. / Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 445-456).

Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-22T17:59:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_IsisMoraesZanardi.pdf: 2148848 bytes, checksum: fc31f42428a26dc5719128da0cba2520 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T17:59:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_IsisMoraesZanardi.pdf: 2148848 bytes, checksum: fc31f42428a26dc5719128da0cba2520 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-05 / This paper discusses the importance of the teaching of Humanities and the implications of its abandonment, as an occurrence of new manifestations of atrocities. This is to show that the emptying of interest in teaching Humanities could affect the basic structure of the democratic society and the Constitution of a critical-reflective and ethical citizen-politician as well as culminating in an empty process of thought and inability to take responsibility for their actions. To do such, the methodology began in a review of the main works of Hannah Arendt (1906-1965) and other authors who address such issues. In order to analyze the gathered data, it was used as Laurence Bardin’s content analysis (2016) which aims to analyze data through a quali-quantitative method and later producing inferences about what is being analyzed, with the possibility of questioning and verifying wheter the data collected indicate what it proposes to investigate, that is, if the textbooks provided by the national plan of the Textbook (PNLD) are able, as educational support, to discuss the ciziten formation concepts and the human person in the disciplines of Philosophy, Sociology and History. This dissertation is organized from a theoretical framework upon the human formation, the inability of thinking and the teaching of Humanities. Initially, it examines the theme of human formation in relation to the inability of thinking, making considerations about the problem of evil in according to Hannah Arendt. From the analysis of the Origins of Totalitarianism, from 1951, and Eichmann in Jerusalem: a report on the banality of evil, from 1963, it is intended to reflect the mechanisms that produce numbness in the ability of thinking regarding the need of the human formation. With such analysis, it can be perceived that the problem of evil takes not only a radical bias, but also a possibility of a complete destruction of the human, caused by the inability to put oneself in the place of the Other, hence not seeing it as a means in itself, but only means to an end, that is, such problem transforms the human being in a superfluous one. The analysis Eichmann’s case, Arendt realized that the defendant acted banally, manifesting his inability to think, therefore, making possible the normalization of insensibility towards the different. The banality of evil implies the inability to think, a continuous threat to the human formation. The analysis of the textbooks were intended to introduce the discussion concerning the support given to students that while checking, were flawed when it comes to building the human being, as a being who needs and deserves a reflexive training, with the aim of avoiding the trivialization of evil, i.e., empty of thought and the inability to think and judge. Finally, moving towards the final considerations related to education as a process of formation in the political dimension, it is about transforming information in knowledge, and knowledge in wisdom so there won't be any noises in the formation of the integrity of the ethical-political commitment in the shaping of future citizens. / Este trabalho discute a importância do ensino de humanidades e as implicações do seu abandono, como ocorrência de novas manifestações de barbáries. Trata-se de mostrar que o esvaziamento do interesse pelo ensino das humanidades poderá afetar a estrutura basilar da sociedade democrática, a constituição de um cidadão crítico-reflexivo e ético-político e culminar com um processo de vazio de pensamento e incapacidade de responsabilizar-se por seus atos. A metodologia adotada partiu, inicialmente, de uma revisão bibliográfica das principais obras de Hannah Arendt (1906-1965) e de outros autores que versam sobre esta problemática, posteriormente, para tratar dos dados a serem analisados, foi utilizado como método a análise de conteúdo proposto por Laurence Bardin (2016), que visa analisar dados, por meio quali-quantitativo e possibilita inferências acerca do que está sendo analisado, com a possibilidade de questionamentos e verificar que os dados coletados indicam ou não o que se propunha a investigar, isto é, se os livros didáticos disponibilizados pelo Plano Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) estão aptos, como suporte educacional, para se discutir os conceitos formadores do cidadão e da pessoa humana nas disciplinas de Filosofia, Sociologia e História. A dissertação está organizada desde uma revisão teórica sobre a formação humana, a incapacidade de pensar e o ensino de humanidades. Inicialmente, examina-se o tema da formação humana conectado à incapacidade de pensar, tecendo considerações sobre o problema do mal no pensamento de Hannah Arendt. A partir da análise de Origens do Totalitarismo, de 1951, e de Eichmann em Jerusalém: um relato sobre a banalidade do mal, de 1963, pretende-se refletir acerca dos mecanismos que produzem o adormecimento da capacidade de pensar frente à necessidade da formação humana. Mediante essa análise, se perceberá que o problema do mal assume um viés não apenas radical, mas uma possibilidade de destruição completa do humano, proporcionado pela incapacidade de colocar-se no lugar do Outro e vê-lo não mais como um fim em si mesmo, mas apenas meios para um fim, ou seja, transforma o ser humano em um ser supérfluo. Na análise do caso Eichmann, Arendt percebeu que o réu agia banalmente, manifestando sua incapacidade de pensar, o que tornou possível a normalização da insensibilidade frente o diferente. A banalidade do mal implica na incapacidade de pensar, uma ameaça sempre constante à formação humana. As análises dos livros didáticos tiveram como intuito apresentar a discussão referente ao suporte dado aos educandos, que ao verificar, apresentaram-se falhos ao que se refere a construção do ser humano, enquanto um ser que precisa e merece uma formação reflexiva, com o objetivo de evitar a banalização do mal, ou seja, o vazio de pensamento e a incapacidade de pensar e julgar. Por fim, encaminha-se para as considerações finais que ao que compete a educação como processo de formação na dimensão política, trata-se de transformar as informações em conhecimento, e juntamente, conhecimento em sapiência, para que não ocorra ruídos na formação da integridade do compromisso ético-político na formação do futuro cidadão.

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This thesis offers an account of the history and effects of three curriculum projects sponsored by the Australian Human Rights Commission between 1983 and 1986. Each project attempted to improve observance of human rights in and through Australian schools through participatory research (or critical educational science). That is, the research included, as a conscious feature, the effort to develop new forms of curriculum work which more adequately respect the personal and professional rights of teachers, especially their entitlement as persons and professionals to participate in planning, conducting and controlling the curriculum development, evaluation and implementation that constitutes their work. In more specific terms, the Australian Human Rights Commission's three curriculum projects represented an attempt to improve the practice and theory of human rights education by engaging teachers in the practical work of evaluating, researching, and developing a human rights curriculum. While the account of the Australian Human Rights Commission curriculum project is substantially an account of teachers1 work, it is a story which ranges well beyond the boundaries of schools and classrooms. It encompasses a history of episodes and events which illustrate how educational initiatives and their fate will often have to set within the broad framework of political, social, and cultural contestation if they are to be understood. More exactly, although the Human Rights Commission's work with schools was instrumental in showing how teachers might contribute to the challenging task of improving human rights education, the project was brought to a premature halt during the debate in the Australian Senate on the Bill of Rights in late 1985 and early 1986. At this point in time, the Government was confronted with such opposition from the Liberal/National Party Coalition that it was obliged to withdraw its Bill of Rights Legislation, close down the original Human Rights Commission, and abandon the attempt to develop a nationwide program in human rights education. The research presents an explanation of why it has been difficult for the Australian Government to live up to its international obligations to improve respect for human rights through education. More positively, however, it shows how human rights education, human rights related areas of education, and social education might be transformed if teachers (and other members of schools communities) were given opportunities to contribute to that task. Such opportunities, moreover, also represent what might be called the practice of democracy in everyday life. They thus exemplify, as well as prefigure, what it might mean to live in a more authentically democratic society.

En France, depuis plus d’une soixantaine d’années, la médiatisation des affaires pénales s’est nettement accentuée. Ce constat s'explique en raison de la multiplication des supports (presse, radio, télévision, internet), et de l'intérêt croissant que les journalistes portent aussi bien aux simples faits divers, qu'aux affaires politico-judiciaires. Le public se passionne pour cette actualité sans cesse renouvelée, tout en ignorant la plupart du temps les règles juridiques techniques et complexes du droit pénal et de la procédure pénale. Au-delà du principe de publicité du procès pénal qui autorise, dans une certaine mesure, sa médiatisation par le relais de la presse écrite et audiovisuelle, l’information s’étend dorénavant avec force aux phases secrètes de la procédure. Non sans difficulté, le Droit s’est adapté aux réalités d’une société de la communication, en créant des fenêtres de publicité au cours de la procédure. L’Institution judiciaire se plie aussi aux nécessités de la communication en transmettant des messages aux citoyens par le vecteur des médias. Les enjeux diffèrent. Les médias remplissent une mission de service public en informant le peuple. L’urgence du travail journalistique – et la recherche d’informations inédites ou spectaculaires – s’opposent aux lenteurs nécessaires du temps de la justice qui n’est pas le même que celui de la presse moderne, surtout quand elle est mue par une logique concurrentielle. La justice pénale entend valoriser le bon fonctionnement du système judiciaire à travers les informations qu’elle diffuse. Les dérives tendant à transformer la médiatisation de la justice pénale en une justice pénale « médiatique » se multiplient. La confrontation de ces objectifs distincts est source de conflits dont la résolution repose sur la quête perpétuelle d’un équilibre entre les grands principes démocratiques et les libertés fondamentales consacrés par le droit national et supranational. / In France, the last 60 years or so have seen a sharp increase in the media profile of the criminal justice system. The explanation lies in the massive growth in media outlets (press, radio, television, internet) and in the increasing interest shown by journalists, not only in run-of-the-mill crime stories but in cases of corruption at the top of the political system. Public interest in such doings is huge, although with mostly little regard to the legal and technical complexities of the criminal law and its processes. The justice system in principle allows some media reporting by press and broadcasters, but the present-day appetite for information extends far deeper, into its more secret workings. The Law has adjusted, not without difficulty, to the realities of the communication society. In criminal proceedings, some windows have been thrown open on aspects of previously hidden processes. The judiciary, as an institution, has had to bow to popular pressure, has become more communicative, and has learned to use the media to keep people better informed. Different issues are at stake. The media, as a provider of information, perform a public service. But the urgency of the rush to print – and the pressure to publish undisclosed information including the most sensational – conflict with the justice system, that acts according to a more deliberate legal process than journalism, particularly when the latter’s logic is financial. The criminal justice system disseminates information to enhance its own value as a working institution. Even so, it may slip from being media-sensitive to being media-dependent or “mediatic”—and increasingly so. Different objectives give rise to unresolved conflicts, whose resolution relies on a balancing act that seeks to reconcile the principles of an open democratic society, with the fundamental freedoms guaranteed by national and supranational legal systems.

"Social networks in electronic spaces and their impact on society," analyzes the company with help of modernity. It explores the roles of individuals in civil society, and roles, The state in shaping society and the Internet. The practical part deals with democratic freedoms in society and ways to measure them. The these deals currently with used Internet technology and is dedicated to measuring its freedom. In conclusion, using the regression analysis validated correlation of democratic freedoms and liberties on the Internet.

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La protection du droit à l’instruction a fait l’objet de longues discussions lors des travaux préparatoiresà la Convention européenne des droits de l’Homme. Si l’idée d’un droit à l’instruction pour tous s’esttrès vite imposée dans l’esprit de ses rédacteurs, le respect des convictions religieuses etphilosophiques des parents, qui assurent en priorité l’éducation et l’enseignement de leurs enfants, afait l’objet de davantage de controverses. Ces hésitations expliquent la présence de ce droit à l’article 2du premier protocole additionnel à la Convention du 20 mars 1952. Son importance n’est cependantpas à négliger. Qualifié de droit matriciel, le droit à l’instruction participe à la garantie concrète eteffective des autres droits et libertés de la pensée protégés par le corpus européen. Il assure en celal’épanouissement de la personne et lui garantit le droit de se déterminer librement. Il peut donc êtrerevendiqué par tous, élève ou étudiant, et peu importe la structure fréquentée (établissement public,privé, scolaire ou supérieur). Consciente de cet enjeu décisif pour la sauvegarde d’une sociétédémocratique, la Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme a su interpréter l’article 2 du Protocoleadditionnel de manière à assurer un juste équilibre entre la marge nationale d’appréciation et lapromotion du droit à l’instruction. Pour cela, elle a mis à la charge des Etats des obligations positivesafin d’assurer à chacun la possibilité, notamment, de se servir des moyens d’instruction existants. Engarantissant ainsi l’égal accès de tous aux structures existantes, la Cour européenne des droits del’Homme a également incité les autorités étatiques à respecter les particularités de chacun. A cette fin,une obligation de neutralité leur est imposée aussi bien dans les établissements d’enseignement quedans les programmes dispensés. Aucun élève ni étudiant ne doit se sentir exclu ou stigmatisé en raisonde ses convictions propres. La garantie d’un droit universel à l’instruction implique alors la garantied’un droit à une instruction pluraliste. / The Protection of the right to education has been the subject of endness debates troughout thepreparatory work on the European Convention of Human Rights. While the idea of a right to educationfor all was quite evident in the mind of the drafters of the European Convention of Human Rights, therespect for religious and philosophical convictions of parents, who come first in the education of theirchildren, has been more controversial. Theses doubts explain the inscription of this right in Article 2 ofthe Protocol to the Convention on 20 March 1952. Its importance mustn’t be overlooked. Described asa « matrix right », the right to education contributes to a concrete and effective guarantee of the rightsand freedoms protected by the European Convention of Human Rights. It ensures personal blossomingand the right to make up their own minds. Therefore, everybody can claim this right, whether it be apupil or a student, regardless of the institution (public or private school, primary school or furthereducation). Aware of this key issue to protect a democratic society, the European Court of HumanRights has interpreted article 2 of the Protocol in order to reach a fair balance between the nationalmargin of appreciation and the protection of the right to education. That’s the reason why the Courtrequires States to achieve some positive obligations especially to enable everyone to use existingeducation means. Through the guarantee to an equal access of everyone to education institutions, theEuropean Court of Human Rights also encourages national authorities to observe the distinctivefeatures of each individual. In order to do so, the authorities must remain neutral both in educationalinstitutions and their curriculum. No pupil or student must feel excluded or chastised because of hispersonal convictions. Then, securing the universal right to education implies securing the right to apluralistic education.