This study into the architectural profession reviews developed decision support frameworks (graphics to inform and improve decision making through access to more information) as knowledge sharing devices. These developed frameworks first, influence decision makers: the students and their decisions in their personal architectural design process and second, develop a framework on vegetated assemblies (building assemblies that incorporate plants such as green roofs and walls) as vegetated assemblies relate to color theory and its implications in design methodology. This decision support framework assists students in their design process in studio and studio-like educational environments. The purpose of this decision support framework is to influence the students in using vegetated assemblies in their future design inquiry. After implementation, the purpose was to determine the worth of the framework as a mechanism for knowledge sharing. Both purposes were reviewed in developing the framework using immersive case studies, classes both in traditional studios and studio-like courses, website development and member feedback. The evidence of the resulting improvement of decision making or design work was found through the use of surveys, student reflective writing, and personal interpretation of student works and my own immersive design studies, classes, and development of the framework and its website. The surveys and reflective writing were collected from multiple years of involvement in traditional studio and studio-like classes to refine the framework and its use. The results of the study suggest that students do have a larger body of knowledge to make decisions about utilizing vegetated assemblies than before the use of the framework and go on the continue using vegetated assemblies in design work. The framework presents the various factors that impact decisions into vegetated assemblies and develop future designs. By influencing and improving knowledge of such factors on the design of vegetated assemblies early in a student's education, improves decision making in future designs and later professional work. Future work would be targeted at refining the framework and potential courses to include other topics of interest in relation to vegetated assemblies. Finally, the framework could be adapted into a more codified, interactive tool in the future. / Ph. D. / This study looks at how graphics and representation can improve the making of decisions on the basis of access to more information across different learning environments. This process of gathering and then sharing information with others can develop into knowledge sharing devices. These devices also known as decision support structures are a scaffold or framework for influencing decision makers: the students. The influence is on their developed design process, how students go about designing, and on their knowledge of vegetated assemblies, which are parts of buildings that incorporate plants such as green roofs and walls, and color theory, which is a method for using color in design. This decision support structures assists students in their design process in studio and studio-like educational environments. The purpose of this dissertation is to review how decision support structures can be used various learning environments to assist students in exploring lines of inquiry. These lines of inquiry are a deliberate process of exploring an idea or family of ideas. This use of the decision support structure was reviewed using immersive case studies, classes both in traditional studios and studio-like courses, and the development of a website. The results of the study suggest that students do have a larger body of knowledge to make decisions when using the developed decision support structure. This work presents the various factors that impact decisions into developing future designs based on vegetated assemblies and color theory as topics. This work also improves decision making in future designs and later professional work. Future work would be targeted at refining the developed decision support structure and potential courses to include other topics of interest in relation to vegetated assemblies. Finally, the framework could be adapted and expanded in the future.

The main focus of this thesis is on the effectiveness of project-based learning (PBL) in engineering design. The literature review has shown that there is much confusion and ongoing arguments concerning the implementation of PBL in engineering design, and there lacks consensus on its effectiveness. Little research has been done on providing measurable metrics of PBL effectiveness, not to mention discovering the optimal PBL and its underlying mechanisms based on solid educational theories and rigorous research methodology. In this thesis, the measurement of the optimal PBL effectiveness (effect) is studied and a theoretical model of PBL is built in order to identify parameters (cause) controlling the effectiveness and to study the interplay between effectiveness and the parameters. The model is built through three main phases, with a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. In phase one, the effectiveness of PBL is studied from the perspectives of the engineering design lecturers and engineering graduates by interviews, which is used to represent effect (Y axis) of the model. In phase two, on the basis of self-directed learning theory (SDL) and learner engagement theory,two key parameters of PBL, i.e. SDL and learner engagement, are identified and quantified respectively to represent cause (X axis) of the model. With the key parameters of PBL (X axis) and PBL effectiveness (Y axis) obtained, a theoretical model of PBL is proposed. The model is verified by means of experiments (student self-reported surveys). A specified Moving Average Method (MAM) is used for data analysis and findings demonstrate different trends of the relations between SDL and PBL effectiveness, and between learner engagement and PBL effectiveness. Consequently, a 3D model of PBL is built by combining the data in aforementioned 2D models,through which the optimal PBL effectiveness in 3D are identified and measured and the interplay between different parameters are found. In phase three, in order to find out more delicate features in PBL ignored by MAM, the dynamic interaction of individual differences in PBL teamwork is explored by the ethnological method (including participant observations and interviews), which is conducted as a supplement to the model of PBL. The theoretical model of PBL effectiveness proposed in this thesis is novel and groundbreaking. Firstly, a series of 2D and 3D models are presented and the relations between SDL, learner engagement and PBL effectiveness are revealed for the first time, which provides guidance for the optimal PBL measurement and implementation. Secondly, a qualitatively-quantitatively-combined strategy is used to discover the mechanisms controlling optimal PBL at different scales. Thirdly, the experiments verifying the model provide fresh quantitative insight into optimal PBL. In summary, the research in this thesis opens up a new research methodology for studying PBL effectiveness, which makes contribution to the educational field as well. Keywords: Project-based learning, Self-directed learning, Learner engagement, Optimal PBL effectiveness, 3D model, Individual differences, Engineering design, Pedagogy.

The perceived value of interdisciplinary design among designers and the application of the design process was investigated. The research was designed to determine if interdisciplinary design was perceived to be beneficial to practitioners and educators. An 11-item survey was produced by the researcher and consisted of general demographic information, undergraduate education and training, and the benefits of interdisciplinary design. The sample was composed of representatives of the top 100 interior design firms of 2003 and members of the Interior Design Educators Council (IDEC). Respondents indicated training in Architecture, Graphic Design, Interior Design, and Industrial/Product Design, with Architecture and Interior Design comprising the majority of responses. The greater part of those surveyed indicated training in only one discipline. Results showed that interdisciplinary design is perceived to be beneficial; specifically, interdisciplinary design education makes designers professionally more marketable.

ABSTRACT This text process a design pedagogical research executed in Arvidsjaur during the fall of 2011. The formulation of questions that this study circles around regards how combining design and narration can be used in the development of design pedagogy. Also scrutinized, how did the formulation of this research affect the outcome and what means, in addition their attendance, did the people who partook contribute with?    The purpose is to find a pedagogic angle that moves focus away from the finished product and onto other aspects of the design process. To clarify, by investigating how narration adapts as a tool during a design process this research seek to enlighten ways that we comprehend, and make use of, our surroundings while working towards a common - designed - goal. What comes about when gathering a group of people and asking them to represent Arvidsjaur by designing a cup? The material used emanates from observations, narratives, images and finished artifacts – all deriving from a set of workshops held in the city of Arvidsjaur. To partake in the workshops was voluntary and the invite began with the question/statement: Design and narration? An ethnographically inspired method preceded the structure of the study and hence made it impossible to foreordain what would occur before arriving in Arvidsjaur. By placing the gathered material and observations along with a set of selected theories, such as sociocultural learning and social constructionism, I wish to enlighten and point out qualities, along with weaknesses, that this study occupies.  Beyond a written contribution, and the work on the field, the research resulted in a number of designed cups. These cups were photographed, processed, and depicted in three different ways – as posters and as a series of photographs. These images were on display during an exhibition at Konstfack in December 2011. My contribution to the exhibition was meant as a continuation on questions regarding design and narration. What happens e.g. with an item when it is displayed in this matter? When moved from one context to another? It is thus a way to stress the importance of questioning and challenge the way we apprehend our surroundings and what we chose to enlighten or leave out – a comment on a stirring development. I did not wish to explain to the viewer what the cups narrate; they were made to reveal something on their own. How they ultimately are received becomes yet another way of pointing out that how we experience something is dependent on a variety of circumstances.

Construção e abertura: diálogos Alexander-Piaget examina a construção do conhecimento, no campo da Arquitetura e Urbanismo, através da articulação das abordagens dos dois autores destacados no título da tese, na perspectiva de esboçar elementos para uma teoria e uma pedagogia do processo de projeto. Neste sentido, o trabalho organiza-se em duas partes: Aberturas – contexto teórico Para compreender os processos cognitivos envolvidos na concepção do projeto arquitetural no âmbito do ateliê pedagógico, a investigação busca estabelecer um diálogo teórico que encontra pontos de contato entre a tradição da Epistemologia Genética iniciada por Jean Piaget, e o pensamento do arquiteto austro-americano Christopher Alexander. Desde o construtivismo piagetiano, interessa, em especial, a noção dos possíveis, passando pelas formulações referentes à percepção e representação espacial, pelos processos de tomada de consciência no percurso entre o fazer e o compreender, e pelos fundamentos de uma lógica de significações. Desde a abordagem de Alexander, tomam-se, em especial, as noções de linguagem de padrões e de totalidades crescentes para explicar as relações entre os sujeitos do processo projetual e o ambiente construído, na emergência de uma ordem espacial coerente através de contínuos ajustes entre forma e contexto. O espaço de encontro entre os dois pensadores se explicita através de uma abordagem epistemológica apoiada no conceito de sistema, e no princípio cibernético de equilibração. No caso de Piaget, isto implica estados majorantes de assimilação na interação entre sujeito e objeto de conhecimento; na abordagem de Alexander, isso se revela através da analogia entre sistemas ambientais construídos pelo homem e organismos vivos, que pode ser descrita na forma de um conjunto de princípios projetuais bem definidos. Construções – contexto pedagógico No plano pedagógico, foi elaborado um experimento, oferecido a estudantes de graduação e, Arquitetura e Urbanismo, procedentes de diferentes etapas do curso, objetivando: i) a reflexão em torno do quadro teórico apresentado, ii) a exploração de tecnologias de simulação gráfica; iii) o agenciamento de meios de trabalho cooperativo, presencial e à distância, e; iv) o desenvolvimento de exercícios de projeto apoiados nas reflexões derivadas de (i), (ii) e (iii), no sentido de promover desequilíbrios cognitivos, sugerindo percursos de trabalho diferentes daqueles com os quais os estudantes estão familiarizados. O experimento estrutura-se em três exercícios, correspondentes, grosso modo, às etapas de concepção, desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de um projeto arquitetônico ou urbanístico. Casa tomada, baseado no conto homônimo do argentino Julio Cortázar, aborda a pedagogia da metáfora, propondo uma transcrição da narrativa ficcional para o espaço arquitetônico, reconstituindo topologicamente a trama urdida pelo escritor. Cidade das palavras reflete o âmbito denominado pedagogia do linguajar, e propõe o desenvolvimento de narrativas "genéticas" construídas através do trabalho cooperativo, em escalas de organização de crescente complexidade. Desenho e canteiro especula sobre uma pedagogia da precisão, inspirando-se na reflexão do arquiteto brasileiro Sérgio Ferro sobre os processos de produção da arquitetura, sendo os estudantes desafiados a simular, com ferramentas digitais, elementos construtivos tomados dos exercícios iniciais, promovendo reequilibrações no processo de aprendizagem. As “pedagogias” da metáfora, do linguajar e da precisão, integradas na reflexão sobre o fazer e o compreender, buscam constituir uma "ecologia" que enlaça sujeitos, conceitos e tecnologias. O trabalho conclui com um conjunto de crônicas que examinam diferentes aspectos do percurso realizado. / Construção e abertura: diálogos Alexander-Piaget (Construction and overture: dialogues Alexander-Piaget) examines the construction of knowledge in the field of Architecture and Planning, through the combination of the approaches of two prominent authors detached in the title of the thesis, aiming outlines elements for a theory and a pedagogy of the design process. In this sense, the work is organized into two parts: Overtures – theoretical context To realize cognitive processes involved in the architectural design within the pedagogic studio, the research seeks to establish a theoretical dialogue that finds points of contact between the tradition by Genetic Epistemology started by Jean Piaget, and the theories of Austro-American architect Christopher Alexander. Since Piaget's constructivism, interests, in particular, the notion of the possibles, through the formulation on the perception and spatial representation, through the processes of awareness on the route between to do and to understand, and the foundations for a logic of meanings. Since the approach of Alexander, detaching, especially, the notions of Pattern Language and the growing wholes, to explain relations between subjects of the design process and the built environment, in the emergence of a coherent ordered space through continuous fitness between form and context. The space of encounter between the two thinkers is explained through an epistemological approach based on the concept of system, and the cybernetic principle of balance. In the case of Piaget, this implies upper bounds states of assimilation in the interaction between subject and object of knowledge; from the approach of Alexander, it is revealed through the analogy between manmade environmental systems and living organisms, which can be described as a well defined set of design principles. Constructions – pedagogic context In terms of pedagogy, an experiment was designed, and offered to undergraduate students of Architecture and Planning from different stages of the course, aiming to: i) discussions around the theoretical context, ii) the exploration of technologies for graphic simulation; iii) the arrangement of means of cooperative work, in classroom and in distance learning environment, and iv) the development of design exercises supported the reflections derived from (i), (ii) and (iii) to promote cognitive imbalances, suggesting work journeys than those with which students are familiar. The experiment is a set of three exercices, corresponding roughly to the stages of conceiving, developing and refining an architectural or urban design. Casa Tomada (House taken over) based on the tale by the Argentinian Julio Cortázar, addresses the pedagogy of metaphor, proposing a transcript of fictional narrative to the architectural space, topologically reconstructing the plot hatched by the writer. Cidade das palavras (City of words) reflects the scope of pedagogy named speech and proposes the development of "genetic" narratives constructed through the cooperative work on scales of organization of increasing complexity. Desenho e canteiro (Design and construction site) speculates about a pedagogy of precision, drawing on the reflection of Brazilian architect Sergio Ferro on the production processes of architecture, and students are challenged to simulate, with digital tools, building elements taken from the initial exercises in promoting a feedback for learning process. The "pedagogies" of metaphor, speech and precision, integrated into thinking about doing and understanding, seek to constitute an "ecology" that links subjects, concepts and technologies. The thesis concludes with a set of chronicles that examines different aspects of the journey undertaken.

Construção e abertura: diálogos Alexander-Piaget examina a construção do conhecimento, no campo da Arquitetura e Urbanismo, através da articulação das abordagens dos dois autores destacados no título da tese, na perspectiva de esboçar elementos para uma teoria e uma pedagogia do processo de projeto. Neste sentido, o trabalho organiza-se em duas partes: Aberturas – contexto teórico Para compreender os processos cognitivos envolvidos na concepção do projeto arquitetural no âmbito do ateliê pedagógico, a investigação busca estabelecer um diálogo teórico que encontra pontos de contato entre a tradição da Epistemologia Genética iniciada por Jean Piaget, e o pensamento do arquiteto austro-americano Christopher Alexander. Desde o construtivismo piagetiano, interessa, em especial, a noção dos possíveis, passando pelas formulações referentes à percepção e representação espacial, pelos processos de tomada de consciência no percurso entre o fazer e o compreender, e pelos fundamentos de uma lógica de significações. Desde a abordagem de Alexander, tomam-se, em especial, as noções de linguagem de padrões e de totalidades crescentes para explicar as relações entre os sujeitos do processo projetual e o ambiente construído, na emergência de uma ordem espacial coerente através de contínuos ajustes entre forma e contexto. O espaço de encontro entre os dois pensadores se explicita através de uma abordagem epistemológica apoiada no conceito de sistema, e no princípio cibernético de equilibração. No caso de Piaget, isto implica estados majorantes de assimilação na interação entre sujeito e objeto de conhecimento; na abordagem de Alexander, isso se revela através da analogia entre sistemas ambientais construídos pelo homem e organismos vivos, que pode ser descrita na forma de um conjunto de princípios projetuais bem definidos. Construções – contexto pedagógico No plano pedagógico, foi elaborado um experimento, oferecido a estudantes de graduação e, Arquitetura e Urbanismo, procedentes de diferentes etapas do curso, objetivando: i) a reflexão em torno do quadro teórico apresentado, ii) a exploração de tecnologias de simulação gráfica; iii) o agenciamento de meios de trabalho cooperativo, presencial e à distância, e; iv) o desenvolvimento de exercícios de projeto apoiados nas reflexões derivadas de (i), (ii) e (iii), no sentido de promover desequilíbrios cognitivos, sugerindo percursos de trabalho diferentes daqueles com os quais os estudantes estão familiarizados. O experimento estrutura-se em três exercícios, correspondentes, grosso modo, às etapas de concepção, desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de um projeto arquitetônico ou urbanístico. Casa tomada, baseado no conto homônimo do argentino Julio Cortázar, aborda a pedagogia da metáfora, propondo uma transcrição da narrativa ficcional para o espaço arquitetônico, reconstituindo topologicamente a trama urdida pelo escritor. Cidade das palavras reflete o âmbito denominado pedagogia do linguajar, e propõe o desenvolvimento de narrativas "genéticas" construídas através do trabalho cooperativo, em escalas de organização de crescente complexidade. Desenho e canteiro especula sobre uma pedagogia da precisão, inspirando-se na reflexão do arquiteto brasileiro Sérgio Ferro sobre os processos de produção da arquitetura, sendo os estudantes desafiados a simular, com ferramentas digitais, elementos construtivos tomados dos exercícios iniciais, promovendo reequilibrações no processo de aprendizagem. As “pedagogias” da metáfora, do linguajar e da precisão, integradas na reflexão sobre o fazer e o compreender, buscam constituir uma "ecologia" que enlaça sujeitos, conceitos e tecnologias. O trabalho conclui com um conjunto de crônicas que examinam diferentes aspectos do percurso realizado. / Construção e abertura: diálogos Alexander-Piaget (Construction and overture: dialogues Alexander-Piaget) examines the construction of knowledge in the field of Architecture and Planning, through the combination of the approaches of two prominent authors detached in the title of the thesis, aiming outlines elements for a theory and a pedagogy of the design process. In this sense, the work is organized into two parts: Overtures – theoretical context To realize cognitive processes involved in the architectural design within the pedagogic studio, the research seeks to establish a theoretical dialogue that finds points of contact between the tradition by Genetic Epistemology started by Jean Piaget, and the theories of Austro-American architect Christopher Alexander. Since Piaget's constructivism, interests, in particular, the notion of the possibles, through the formulation on the perception and spatial representation, through the processes of awareness on the route between to do and to understand, and the foundations for a logic of meanings. Since the approach of Alexander, detaching, especially, the notions of Pattern Language and the growing wholes, to explain relations between subjects of the design process and the built environment, in the emergence of a coherent ordered space through continuous fitness between form and context. The space of encounter between the two thinkers is explained through an epistemological approach based on the concept of system, and the cybernetic principle of balance. In the case of Piaget, this implies upper bounds states of assimilation in the interaction between subject and object of knowledge; from the approach of Alexander, it is revealed through the analogy between manmade environmental systems and living organisms, which can be described as a well defined set of design principles. Constructions – pedagogic context In terms of pedagogy, an experiment was designed, and offered to undergraduate students of Architecture and Planning from different stages of the course, aiming to: i) discussions around the theoretical context, ii) the exploration of technologies for graphic simulation; iii) the arrangement of means of cooperative work, in classroom and in distance learning environment, and iv) the development of design exercises supported the reflections derived from (i), (ii) and (iii) to promote cognitive imbalances, suggesting work journeys than those with which students are familiar. The experiment is a set of three exercices, corresponding roughly to the stages of conceiving, developing and refining an architectural or urban design. Casa Tomada (House taken over) based on the tale by the Argentinian Julio Cortázar, addresses the pedagogy of metaphor, proposing a transcript of fictional narrative to the architectural space, topologically reconstructing the plot hatched by the writer. Cidade das palavras (City of words) reflects the scope of pedagogy named speech and proposes the development of "genetic" narratives constructed through the cooperative work on scales of organization of increasing complexity. Desenho e canteiro (Design and construction site) speculates about a pedagogy of precision, drawing on the reflection of Brazilian architect Sergio Ferro on the production processes of architecture, and students are challenged to simulate, with digital tools, building elements taken from the initial exercises in promoting a feedback for learning process. The "pedagogies" of metaphor, speech and precision, integrated into thinking about doing and understanding, seek to constitute an "ecology" that links subjects, concepts and technologies. The thesis concludes with a set of chronicles that examines different aspects of the journey undertaken.

Construção e abertura: diálogos Alexander-Piaget examina a construção do conhecimento, no campo da Arquitetura e Urbanismo, através da articulação das abordagens dos dois autores destacados no título da tese, na perspectiva de esboçar elementos para uma teoria e uma pedagogia do processo de projeto. Neste sentido, o trabalho organiza-se em duas partes: Aberturas – contexto teórico Para compreender os processos cognitivos envolvidos na concepção do projeto arquitetural no âmbito do ateliê pedagógico, a investigação busca estabelecer um diálogo teórico que encontra pontos de contato entre a tradição da Epistemologia Genética iniciada por Jean Piaget, e o pensamento do arquiteto austro-americano Christopher Alexander. Desde o construtivismo piagetiano, interessa, em especial, a noção dos possíveis, passando pelas formulações referentes à percepção e representação espacial, pelos processos de tomada de consciência no percurso entre o fazer e o compreender, e pelos fundamentos de uma lógica de significações. Desde a abordagem de Alexander, tomam-se, em especial, as noções de linguagem de padrões e de totalidades crescentes para explicar as relações entre os sujeitos do processo projetual e o ambiente construído, na emergência de uma ordem espacial coerente através de contínuos ajustes entre forma e contexto. O espaço de encontro entre os dois pensadores se explicita através de uma abordagem epistemológica apoiada no conceito de sistema, e no princípio cibernético de equilibração. No caso de Piaget, isto implica estados majorantes de assimilação na interação entre sujeito e objeto de conhecimento; na abordagem de Alexander, isso se revela através da analogia entre sistemas ambientais construídos pelo homem e organismos vivos, que pode ser descrita na forma de um conjunto de princípios projetuais bem definidos. Construções – contexto pedagógico No plano pedagógico, foi elaborado um experimento, oferecido a estudantes de graduação e, Arquitetura e Urbanismo, procedentes de diferentes etapas do curso, objetivando: i) a reflexão em torno do quadro teórico apresentado, ii) a exploração de tecnologias de simulação gráfica; iii) o agenciamento de meios de trabalho cooperativo, presencial e à distância, e; iv) o desenvolvimento de exercícios de projeto apoiados nas reflexões derivadas de (i), (ii) e (iii), no sentido de promover desequilíbrios cognitivos, sugerindo percursos de trabalho diferentes daqueles com os quais os estudantes estão familiarizados. O experimento estrutura-se em três exercícios, correspondentes, grosso modo, às etapas de concepção, desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de um projeto arquitetônico ou urbanístico. Casa tomada, baseado no conto homônimo do argentino Julio Cortázar, aborda a pedagogia da metáfora, propondo uma transcrição da narrativa ficcional para o espaço arquitetônico, reconstituindo topologicamente a trama urdida pelo escritor. Cidade das palavras reflete o âmbito denominado pedagogia do linguajar, e propõe o desenvolvimento de narrativas "genéticas" construídas através do trabalho cooperativo, em escalas de organização de crescente complexidade. Desenho e canteiro especula sobre uma pedagogia da precisão, inspirando-se na reflexão do arquiteto brasileiro Sérgio Ferro sobre os processos de produção da arquitetura, sendo os estudantes desafiados a simular, com ferramentas digitais, elementos construtivos tomados dos exercícios iniciais, promovendo reequilibrações no processo de aprendizagem. As “pedagogias” da metáfora, do linguajar e da precisão, integradas na reflexão sobre o fazer e o compreender, buscam constituir uma "ecologia" que enlaça sujeitos, conceitos e tecnologias. O trabalho conclui com um conjunto de crônicas que examinam diferentes aspectos do percurso realizado. / Construção e abertura: diálogos Alexander-Piaget (Construction and overture: dialogues Alexander-Piaget) examines the construction of knowledge in the field of Architecture and Planning, through the combination of the approaches of two prominent authors detached in the title of the thesis, aiming outlines elements for a theory and a pedagogy of the design process. In this sense, the work is organized into two parts: Overtures – theoretical context To realize cognitive processes involved in the architectural design within the pedagogic studio, the research seeks to establish a theoretical dialogue that finds points of contact between the tradition by Genetic Epistemology started by Jean Piaget, and the theories of Austro-American architect Christopher Alexander. Since Piaget's constructivism, interests, in particular, the notion of the possibles, through the formulation on the perception and spatial representation, through the processes of awareness on the route between to do and to understand, and the foundations for a logic of meanings. Since the approach of Alexander, detaching, especially, the notions of Pattern Language and the growing wholes, to explain relations between subjects of the design process and the built environment, in the emergence of a coherent ordered space through continuous fitness between form and context. The space of encounter between the two thinkers is explained through an epistemological approach based on the concept of system, and the cybernetic principle of balance. In the case of Piaget, this implies upper bounds states of assimilation in the interaction between subject and object of knowledge; from the approach of Alexander, it is revealed through the analogy between manmade environmental systems and living organisms, which can be described as a well defined set of design principles. Constructions – pedagogic context In terms of pedagogy, an experiment was designed, and offered to undergraduate students of Architecture and Planning from different stages of the course, aiming to: i) discussions around the theoretical context, ii) the exploration of technologies for graphic simulation; iii) the arrangement of means of cooperative work, in classroom and in distance learning environment, and iv) the development of design exercises supported the reflections derived from (i), (ii) and (iii) to promote cognitive imbalances, suggesting work journeys than those with which students are familiar. The experiment is a set of three exercices, corresponding roughly to the stages of conceiving, developing and refining an architectural or urban design. Casa Tomada (House taken over) based on the tale by the Argentinian Julio Cortázar, addresses the pedagogy of metaphor, proposing a transcript of fictional narrative to the architectural space, topologically reconstructing the plot hatched by the writer. Cidade das palavras (City of words) reflects the scope of pedagogy named speech and proposes the development of "genetic" narratives constructed through the cooperative work on scales of organization of increasing complexity. Desenho e canteiro (Design and construction site) speculates about a pedagogy of precision, drawing on the reflection of Brazilian architect Sergio Ferro on the production processes of architecture, and students are challenged to simulate, with digital tools, building elements taken from the initial exercises in promoting a feedback for learning process. The "pedagogies" of metaphor, speech and precision, integrated into thinking about doing and understanding, seek to constitute an "ecology" that links subjects, concepts and technologies. The thesis concludes with a set of chronicles that examines different aspects of the journey undertaken.

[ES] Esta investigación tiene como objeto de estudio el diseño de estrategias pedagógicas para el diseño biomimético especulativo, sumándose a las alianzas transdisciplinarias de conocimiento que se están efectuando a nivel global entre la ciencia, el arte y el diseño. Estas estrategias académicas han sido diseñadas con la visión de adaptarse a este momento transicional de la sociedad en la era del del antropoceno. A lo largo de la investigación se reflexiona ante el reto que tenemos los profesores como formadores de diseñadores, y si al desarrollar una serie de estrategias pedagógicas que estimulen los procesos cognitivos a través de herramientas transdisciplinarias, permitiendo estimular el aprendizaje y el asombro hacia la tecnología análoga de la naturaleza, e impulsar las propuestas de diseño por medio de la visión del diseño especulativo, se lograría guiar al estudiante en su proceso creativo, para dar respuestas de diseño acordes al contexto actual transicional de la sociedad, rompiendo las barreras del pragmatismo. Se pretende también alimentar la investigación en torno a las estrategias de pedagogía del diseño biomimético especulativo, permitiendo sumar al cúmulo de didácticas disponibles para los académicos y todas las personas encargadas de la entrega del conocimiento. Se plantean como preguntas de investigación: ¿los estudiantes serán capaces de hacer la transferencia del conocimiento aprendido de organismos naturales para dar respuesta a un reto de diseño?, ¿qué herramientas pedagógicas se necesitan para lograrlo?, ¿a través de qué mecanismos sería posible sensibilizar a los estudiantes de su rol?, ¿por medio de qué estrategias didácticas se podría estimular la curiosidad de los estudiantes hacia el mundo natural como mecanismo de entendimiento y aprendizaje?, ¿a través de qué enfoques se podría potencializar al diseño como herramienta para dar respuestas a los retos actuales y del futuro?, ¿por medio de qué herramientas pedagógicas se puede lograr que los estudiantes se posicionen para desarrollar propuestas de diseño de valor? Para dar respuesta a ellas se han definido tres principios básicos que permiten plantear un trayecto para alcanzar el objetivo y a la vez forman la filosofía de enseñanza: a) la multidisciplina e interdisciplina, b) el enfoque biocéntrico y c) el diseño especulativo. Se realiza una investigación-acción enfocada en casos de estudio dentro del ámbito de la Universidad de Monterrey, en México, y es desarrollada en tres fases. En cada fase se diseña y se ponen a prueba durante 5 años una serie de estrategias pedagógicas, que se van alimentando a sí mismas para establecer el rediseño del siguiente modelo, generando 3 modelos, para finalmente plantear como resultado de la investigación una serie de estrategias pedagógicas finales (Modelo final). Para la validación de la información y de los resultados se ha utilizadola heurística, el sistema cruzado entre los datos recogidos por diversos mecanismos durante el desarrollo e implementación de las estrategias y, posteriormente, por medio de la evaluación realizada por expertos de los resultados proyectuales y la observación persistente de la autora de esta investigación. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan una evolución consecuente según se realiza el diseño y replanteo de los modelos 1, 2 y 3, estableciéndose que cada modelo va demostrando resoluciones cada vez más cercanas a los parámetros deseables de los resultados proyectuales. Se confía en haber contribuido a la investigación académica para la pedagogía con enfoque en sustentabilidad, en particular para el diseño biomimético y en la resolución de futuros. / [CA] Aquesta investigació té com a objecte d'estudi el disseny d'estratègies pedagògiques per al disseny biomimètic especulatiu, afegint-se a les aliances transdisciplinàries de coneixement que s'estan efectuant a nivell global entre la ciència, l'art i el disseny. Aquestes estratègies acadèmiques han estat dissenyades amb la visió d'adaptar-se a aquest moment transicional de la societat a l'era del de l'antropocè. Al llarg de la investigació es reflexiona davant el repte que tenim els professors com a formadors de dissenyadors, i si en desenvolupar una sèrie d'estratègies pedagògiques que estimulin els processos cognitius a través d'eines transdiscplinàries, permetent estimular l'aprenentatge i la sorpresa cap a la tecnologia anàloga de la natura, i impulsar les propostes de disseny per mitjà de la visió del disseny especulatiu, s'aconseguiria guiar l'estudiant en el procés creatiu, per donar respostes de disseny d'acord amb el context actual transicional de la societat, trencant les barreres del pragmatisme. Es pretén també alimentar la investigació al voltant de les estratègies de pedagogia del disseny biomimètic especulatiu, permetent sumar al cúmul de didàctiques disponibles per als acadèmics i totes les persones encarregades del lliurament del coneixement. Es plantegen com a preguntes de recerca: els estudiants seran capaços de fer la transferència del coneixement après d'organismes naturals per donar resposta a un repte de disseny?, quines eines pedagògiques es necessiten per aconseguir-ho?, a través de quins mecanismes seria possible sensibilitzar els estudiants del seu rol?, per mitjà de quines estratègies didàctiques es podria estimular la curiositat dels estudiants cap al món natural com a mecanisme d'enteniment i aprenentatge?, a través de quins enfocaments es podria potencialitzar al disseny com a eina per donar respostes als reptes actuals i del futur? Per mitjà de quines eines pedagògiques es pot aconseguir que els estudiants es posicionin per desenvolupar propostes de disseny de valor? Per donar-hi resposta s'han definit tres principis bàsics que permeten plantejar un trajecte per assolir l'objectiu i alhora formen la filosofia d'ensenyament: a) la multidisciplina i interdisciplina, b) l'enfocament biocèntric i c) el disseny especulatiu. Es realitza una investigació-acció enfocada en casos d'estudi dins l'àmbit de la Universitat de Monterrey, a Mèxic, i es desenvolupa en tres fases. A cada fase es dissenya i es posen a prova durant 5 anys una sèrie d'estratègies pedagògiques, que es van alimentant a si mateixes per establir el redisseny del model següent, generant 3 models, per finalment plantejar com a resultat de la investigació una sèrie d'estratègies pedagògiques finals (Model final). Per a la validació de la informació i dels resultats s'ha utilitzat l'heurística, el sistema creuat entre les dades recollides per diversos mecanismes durant el desenvolupament i la implementació de les estratègies i, posteriorment, per mitjà de l'avaluació realitzada per experts dels resultats projectuals i l'observació persistent de l'autora d'aquesta investigació. Els resultats obtinguts reflecteixen una evolució conseqüent segons es realitza el disseny i replanteig dels models 1, 2 i 3, establint-se que cada model va demostrant resolucions cada cop més properes als paràmetres desitjables dels resultats projectuals. Es confia haver contribuït a la investigació acadèmica per a la pedagogia amb enfocament en sustentabilitat, en particular per al disseny biomimètic i en la resolució de futurs. / [EN] This research has as its object of study the design of pedagogical strategies for speculative biomimetic design, adding to the transdisciplinary knowledge alliances the Estrategias pedagógicas adaptativas:Un enfoque en el diseño biomimético especulativo.at are taking place globally between science, art and design. These academic strategies have been designed with the vision of adapting to this transitional moment of society in the era of the Anthropocene. Throughout the research, we reflect on the challenge that teachers have as trainers of designers, and if by developing a series of pedagogical strategies that stimulate cognitive processes through transdisciplinary tools, allowing to stimulate learning and wonder towards technology. analogous to nature, and promoting design proposals through the vision of speculative design, it would be possible to guide the student in his creative process, to give design responses in accordance with the current transitional context of society, breaking the barriers of pragmatism. It is also intended to feed the research around the pedagogy strategies of the speculative biomimetic design, allowing to add to the accumulation of didactics available for academics and all the people in charge of the delivery of knowledge. They are posed as research questions: will students be able to transfer the knowledge learned from natural organisms to respond to a design challenge? What pedagogical tools are needed to achieve it? Through what mechanisms would it be possible? Make students aware of their role? Through what didactic strategies could students' curiosity towards the natural world be stimulated as a mechanism for understanding and learning? Through what approaches could design be potentiated as a tool for Give answers to current and future challenges? By means of what pedagogical tools can students be positioned to develop value design proposals? In order to respond to them, three basic principles have been defined that allow us to propose a path to achieve the objective and at the same time form the teaching philosophy: a) multidiscipline and interdiscipline, b) the biocentric approach and c) speculative design. An action-research focused on case studies is carried out within the scope of the University of Monterrey, in Mexico, and is developed in three phases. In each phase, a series of pedagogical strategies are designed and tested for 5 years, which feed themselves to establish the redesign of the following model, generating 3 models, to finally propose a series of strategies as a result of the investigation. final pedagogical (Final Model). For the validation of the information and the results, heuristics have been used, the crossed system between the data collected by various mechanisms during the development and implementation of the strategies and, later, through the evaluation carried out by experts of the project results and the persistent observation of the author of this investigation. The results obtained reflect a consistent evolution as the design and reconsideration of models 1, 2 and 3 is carried out, establishing that each model demonstrates resolutions that are closer and closer to the desirable parameters of the project results. It is hoped to have contributed to academic research for pedagogy with a focus on sustainability, in particular for biomimetic design and futures resolution. / Chi Muñoz, K. (2023). Estrategias pedagógicas adaptativas. Un enfoque en el diseño biomimético especulativo [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/195435

The core concern of my thesis is with shifting the focus from the description on how innovation is done (predominantly STS accounts of innovation in-the-making) to what designers do with conceptions of innovation. The thesis is based on ethnographic fieldwork within a group of interaction designers of Milan. Despite the different conceptions and traditions of innovation that these designers bring in – the artistic and technological ones – I observed that a design-centered conception of innovation is reproduced, as well as the idea that plans and intentions precede things. However, another key idea of my fieldwork is the importance designers give to imagining things as they might be, rather than focusing on how things are. This is where different models of action, planned and open ones coexist in creative ways: it is these processes that the ethnography details.