Un processus de conception que ce soit d'un produit ou d'un service est composé d'un grand nombre d'activités reliées par des échanges nombreux de données et d'informations. La qualité de ces échanges, appelés collaborations, nécessite d'être capable d'envoyer et de recevoir des informations et données utiles, compréhensibles et univoques pour les différents concepteurs impliqués. La problématique de ces travaux de thèse se focalise donc sur la définition et l'évaluation de la performance des collaborations, et par extension, du processus de conception dans sa totalité. Cette évaluation de la performance exige la définition de plusieurs éléments clefs tels que : les objets à évaluer, les indicateurs de performance et les variables d'actions. Afin de définir l'objet d'évaluation, ces travaux s'appuient sur une étude de la littérature afin de proposer un méta-modèle de la conception collaborative. La mesure de la performance de ces collaborations est quant à elle basée sur le concept d'interopérabilité. Cette mesure estime ainsi l'interopérabilité technique et sémantique des différentes collaborations élémentaires. Ces travaux se concluent par la proposition d'un cadre méthodologique outillé d'évaluation de la performance des collaborations. Par une approche en deux étapes (modélisation puis évaluation), ce cadre facilite l'identification des collaborations peu performantes et de leurs causes. Ce cadre est illustré et partiellement validé à l'aide d'un exemple académique et d'une étude de cas dans le cadre de la conception. / A design process, whether for a product or for a service, is composed of a large number of activities connected by many data and information exchanges. The quality of these exchanges, called collaborations, requires being able to send and receive data and information which are useful, understandable and unambiguous to the different designers involved. The research question is thus focused on the definition and evaluation of the performance of collaborations, and by extension, of the design process in its entirety. This performance evaluation requires the definition of several key elements such as object(s) to be evaluated, the performance indicator(s) and action variable(s).In order to define the object of evaluation, this research relies on a study of the literature resulting in a meta-model of collaborative process. The measurement of the performance of these collaborations is for its part based on the concept of interoperability. The measurement of the performance of the collaborations is for its part based on the concept of interoperability. Furthermore, this measure estimates the technical and conceptual interoperability of the different elementary collaborations. This work is concluded by proposing a tooled methodological framework for collaborations' performance evaluation. Through a two-step approach (modeling and evaluation), this framework facilitates the identification of inefficient collaborations and their causes. This framework is illustrated and partially validated using an academic example and a case study in design domain.

Les démarches environnementales s’accompagnent de plus en plus d’approches et d’outils d’aide à la conception. Toutefois, ces savoir-faire techniques s’avèrent peu exploités dans les projets architecturaux. Partant de ce constat, notre recherche porte sur la qualité environnementale des matériaux et procédés de mise en œuvre. Elle vise à alimenter, par la mise au jour de savoirs et de méthodes innovantes, les pratiques opérationnelles en architecture. La mise au jour d'outils d'aide à la conception simplifiée informant un public non spécialiste sur différents champs d'études explicites et relatifs à la qualité des matériaux, est une évolution importante dans le domaine de l’architecture.Nous avançons différentes propositions innovantes pour l’intelligibilité et la cohérence de futurs outils d’aide à la conception. Nous les illustrons par la mise en place d’un prototype d’outil MaTerre’iO renseignant globalement les concepteurs en architecture sur les savoirs liés aux matériaux et plus spécifiquement sur les connaissances de l’ingénierie environnementale.La principale retombée de notre travail de recherche est de contribuer à édifier une passerelle innovante entre les disciplines / Nowadays, environmental proceedings can use more and more methods and design tools to start with the conception. However, these technical methods turn out to be untapped into architectural projects. This question orientated our research towards environmental quality of materials and processes of implementation. Through the update of the knowledge and innovative methods, our work tends to increase the capacity of operational practice in architecture. The implementation of a design assistance tool - easy to use for non experts and providing several clearly configuration fields, based on caseworks and linked to quality of materials - is a significant evolution in architectural communities. We point up several innovative propositions for future design assistance tools. We illustrate it by the setting up of a prototype named MaTerre’iO. This mock up informs architectural designers about the knowledge upon materials, and more specifically on the environmental engineering knowledge.The main repercussion of our researched work is to contribute to initiate an innovating interface between environmental engineering topics and expectations of architectural design

Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo a proposição de um processo para o desenvolvimento de infográficos interativos com fins educacionais. Em função da carência de publicações sobre esse assunto, a pesquisa bibliográfica buscou conceitos de áreas do design que, interligadas aos conceitos encontrados sobre infografia estática, pudessem nortear a construção de um processo e, ao mesmo tempo, argumentar a sua pertinência. Num primeiro momento, foram abordados os conceitos e processos das áreas do design que poderiam auxiliar na construção de um processo para o desenvolvimento dessa ferramenta: design instrucional, design de informação, design de interação e infografia. A partir daí, foi caracterizado o aprendiz do século XXI, apresentando as mudanças comportamentais trazidas pelo uso constante da tecnologia na busca de informações, e como essas mudanças interferem no processo de aprendizagem. A Teoria da Aprendizagem Multimídia e os conceitos de Gráficos para Aprendizagem ajudaram a identificar aspectos que poderiam ser melhorados na percepção dos aprendizes sobre os conteúdos, com a utilização de uma ferramenta visual e interativa. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foram analisados e estruturados os processos dessas áreas pesquisadas, buscando identificar as etapas mais relevantes para um processo de design de infográficos interativos com fins educacionais. Depois de definidas as etapas mais importantes, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, através de entrevistas com profissionais das áreas do design, da educação e da infografia, com a finalidade de verificar a pertinência e usabilidade do conjunto de etapas proposto. A partir dos resultados obtidos nessas entrevistas, foi realizada uma triangulação entre o referencial bibliográfico, resultados obtidos na pesquisa qualitativa e conhecimentos adquiridos pela autora, durante a pesquisa. Com base nessa triangulação, foi proposto o processo final. Por fim, foram feitas as considerações finais acerca da pesquisa desenvolvida e da verificação do processo. / The main objective of this project is to propose a process for the development of interactive infographics with educational purposes. Considering the lack of publications about this topic, the bibliographic research sought concepts of design areas that linked with the concepts of static infographics could help on the construction of the method and, at the same time, argue its relevance. At first, the concepts and processes of design areas that could help in a design process construction for the development of this tool were approached: instructional design, information design, interaction design and infographics. During the research process, the existent processes of the studied areas were analyzed and, in order to identify the most relevant steps for a design process of interactive infographics with educational purposes. From there, the XXI century learner was characterized, showing the behavioral changes brought by the constant use of technology in searching of information and how these changes affect the learning process. The Theory of Multimedia Learning and the concepts of Graphics for Learning helped to identify aspects on the students perception about the lesson which could be improved by the use of a visual and interactive tool. After defined the most important steps, a qualitative research was realized, through interviews with professionals in the fields of design, infographics and education, in order to verify the relevance and usability of the proposed set of steps. From the results obtained in these interviews, a triangulation was carried out between the bibliographic reference, results of the qualitative research and knowledge acquired by the author during the research. Based on this triangulation, the final process has been proposed. Finally, the final considerations about the research developed and process verification were made.

Devido a fatores como o longo tempo de desenvolvimento e a elevada quantidade de clientes envolvidos, existem dificuldades para realizar a gestão dos requisitos dos clientes do processo de projeto de ambientes construídos. Na busca por alternativas para solucionar tais dificuldades, esta pesquisa explora conceitos e práticas de Gestão de Requisitos (GR) provenientes de outras áreas de conhecimento, em especial da engenharia de software (ES). O objetivo da pesquisa é apresentar diretrizes para integrar a GR ao processo de projeto, tendo em vista contribuir com o acompanhamento da evolução e no controle dos requisitos dos clientes. Uma versão preliminar das diretrizes foi desenvolvida com base na revisão bibliográfica e nos resultados de um estudo de caso exploratório. Posteriormente, as mesmas foram aplicadas com ênfase nos requisitos ambientais identificados em um segundo estudo de caso, o qual permitiu o refinamento e a proposta final das diretrizes. Tais diretrizes são formadas por duas premissas e nove atividades. As premissas são condicionantes a serem atendidos pelas empresas para a realização das atividades da GR. As atividades, por sua vez, são desdobramentos das quatro etapas da GR (identificação de requisitos, análise e priorização, especificação e validação) e repetem-se ciclicamente ao longo das fases do processo de projeto, podendo ser implantadas com o apoio de boas práticas. Embora as diretrizes sejam aplicáveis à gestão de quaisquer tipos de requisitos, existem particularidades intrínsecas na gestão de cada tipo (sociais, econômicos e ambientais, por exemplo). No caso desta pesquisa, foi enfatizada a investigação das peculiaridades referentes aos requisitos ambientais identificados no empreendimento do segundo estudo de caso. A principal contribuição teórica desta pesquisa é a proposta de diretrizes para a GR suficientemente generalizáveis para aplicação em diferentes modelos de processo de projeto e diferentes tipos de requisitos. Do ponto de vista prático, os resultados evidenciaram que as diretrizes contribuem para a gestão sistemática dos requisitos, uma atividade que é normalmente realizada de modo informal no processo de projeto. / Long development period and a high number of stakeholders with different demands consist in some of the majors difficulties to be managed along the building design process. This research explores the Requirements Management (RM) concepts and practices from areas as software engineering as an alternative to solve some managerial problems. The aim is to present guidelines to integrate RM in the building design process, viewing the improvement of requirements traceability and control. The guidelines draft was based on literature review and on the results of an exploratory case study. Afterwards the guidelines draft was tested through a second case study, with emphasis on the project environmental requirements. This application promoted the guidelines improvement into their final configuration. The guidelines are based on two premises and nine activities. Premises are conditions which should be accomplished before the activities implementation. The activities are refinements of the four RM steps (requirements elicitation, analysis and prioritization, specification and validation) and they should be cyclically performed through the design process, using adequate good practices. Although guidelines may be useful to the management of any type of requirements, there are particular features to manage each of them (e. g. social, economical environmental). In this research, environmental requirements from the main case study were emphasized. The main theoretical contribution of this research is the proposition of guidelines which are generic enough to be performed through different design process models and different types of requirements. From a practical standpoint, the results indicated that the guidelines have contributed to the systematic RM in design process, an activity that is often informally performed in design process.

Devido a fatores como o longo tempo de desenvolvimento e a elevada quantidade de clientes envolvidos, existem dificuldades para realizar a gestão dos requisitos dos clientes do processo de projeto de ambientes construídos. Na busca por alternativas para solucionar tais dificuldades, esta pesquisa explora conceitos e práticas de Gestão de Requisitos (GR) provenientes de outras áreas de conhecimento, em especial da engenharia de software (ES). O objetivo da pesquisa é apresentar diretrizes para integrar a GR ao processo de projeto, tendo em vista contribuir com o acompanhamento da evolução e no controle dos requisitos dos clientes. Uma versão preliminar das diretrizes foi desenvolvida com base na revisão bibliográfica e nos resultados de um estudo de caso exploratório. Posteriormente, as mesmas foram aplicadas com ênfase nos requisitos ambientais identificados em um segundo estudo de caso, o qual permitiu o refinamento e a proposta final das diretrizes. Tais diretrizes são formadas por duas premissas e nove atividades. As premissas são condicionantes a serem atendidos pelas empresas para a realização das atividades da GR. As atividades, por sua vez, são desdobramentos das quatro etapas da GR (identificação de requisitos, análise e priorização, especificação e validação) e repetem-se ciclicamente ao longo das fases do processo de projeto, podendo ser implantadas com o apoio de boas práticas. Embora as diretrizes sejam aplicáveis à gestão de quaisquer tipos de requisitos, existem particularidades intrínsecas na gestão de cada tipo (sociais, econômicos e ambientais, por exemplo). No caso desta pesquisa, foi enfatizada a investigação das peculiaridades referentes aos requisitos ambientais identificados no empreendimento do segundo estudo de caso. A principal contribuição teórica desta pesquisa é a proposta de diretrizes para a GR suficientemente generalizáveis para aplicação em diferentes modelos de processo de projeto e diferentes tipos de requisitos. Do ponto de vista prático, os resultados evidenciaram que as diretrizes contribuem para a gestão sistemática dos requisitos, uma atividade que é normalmente realizada de modo informal no processo de projeto. / Long development period and a high number of stakeholders with different demands consist in some of the majors difficulties to be managed along the building design process. This research explores the Requirements Management (RM) concepts and practices from areas as software engineering as an alternative to solve some managerial problems. The aim is to present guidelines to integrate RM in the building design process, viewing the improvement of requirements traceability and control. The guidelines draft was based on literature review and on the results of an exploratory case study. Afterwards the guidelines draft was tested through a second case study, with emphasis on the project environmental requirements. This application promoted the guidelines improvement into their final configuration. The guidelines are based on two premises and nine activities. Premises are conditions which should be accomplished before the activities implementation. The activities are refinements of the four RM steps (requirements elicitation, analysis and prioritization, specification and validation) and they should be cyclically performed through the design process, using adequate good practices. Although guidelines may be useful to the management of any type of requirements, there are particular features to manage each of them (e. g. social, economical environmental). In this research, environmental requirements from the main case study were emphasized. The main theoretical contribution of this research is the proposition of guidelines which are generic enough to be performed through different design process models and different types of requirements. From a practical standpoint, the results indicated that the guidelines have contributed to the systematic RM in design process, an activity that is often informally performed in design process.

La dynamique de l’offre et de la demande des produits manufacturiers ainsi que leraccourcissement de leurs cycles de vie obligent les entreprises industrielles à se doter de processus dedéveloppement produit dynamiques et agiles. Nos travaux se positionnement sur le supportinformatisé de ces processus de développement qui sont actuellement gérés par les systèmes PLM.L’objectif d’un support informatisé est d’accélérer le processus en automatisant la notification et ladiffusion des informations. Il permet également de garder trace des opérations et décisions effectuéeset d’accroître la standardisation des processus. Face à la rigidité des solutions actuellement proposéespour gérer les processus vis-à-vis des modifications survenant dans le processus, notre objectif est deproposer une approche permettant de modifier un processus en cours d’exécution sans devoir leredéfinir et le relancer dans son ensemble. Pour y parvenir, nous avons proposé, une approche quidécline une orientation services inspirée des architectures orientées services (SOA). Ces architecturespermettent de définir des applications modulaires, en utilisant des services faiblement couplés. Notreobjectif est de décliner une telle architecture exploitée essentiellement pour les systèmes logiciels et leWeb, au niveau métier de l’entreprise afin de modéliser et d’exécuter de manière flexible desprocessus de conception de produits par composition de services réutilisables. Nous proposons unedémarche d'identification des services du domaine métier des processus de conception produit et dudomaine fonctionnel du PLM. Ces services sont organisés dans deux catalogues de services métiers etfonctionnels. Notre approche s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles (IDM) avecune architecture de réference à trois niveaux et des mécanismes d’alignement entre les niveaux métier,fonctionnel et logiciel. Ces mécanismes d'alignement entre les niveaux permettent d’intégrerl’évolution et d'automatiser le déploiement d’un processus de conception du niveau métier auxniveaux fonctionnel et logiciel. / To cope with market dynamic and shortened time to market, industrial companies need toimplement an effective management of their design processes (DPs) and product information.Unfortunately, Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) systems which are dedicated to support designactivities are not efficient as it might be expected. Indeed, DPs are changing, emergent and nondeterministic, due to the business environment under which they are carried out. The aim of this workis to propose an alternative approach for flexible process support within PLM systems to facilitate thecoupling with the environment reality. The purpose of a support system is to accelerate the process byautomating the notification and dispatching of information and activities between actors. It also allowsto keep track of transactions and decisions made and to increase processes standardization. Our goal isto propose a solution which allows process change at run-time without having to redefine and restartthe whole of process activities. To achieve this, we proposed an approach based on service-orientedarchitectures (SOA). These architectures allow defining modular applications, using loosly coopledservices. They are mainly exploited for software systems and Web development. Our goal is to declinesuch architectures at the business level of a company in order to perform flexible DPs deploymentbased on services reuse and composition. We propose an identification approach for business levelservices (product design services) and functional PLM services. These services are organized in twocatalogs of business and functional services. Our approach is based on Model Driven Approach withthree levels which propose alignment mechanisms between business, functional and technical levels.These alignment mechanisms between levels allow integrating change and automating design processdeployment.

This thesis investigates and design innovative concepts of noise protection solutions (NPS) for the Swedish high-speed railway (HSR) that is planned to be built between Stockholm and Gothenburg in the near future. The planned traffic will start in 2035. The concepts have been developed through a design process, starting with a research phase of existing solutions for the problem, theory about noise and absorbing materials. Following by an analysis of all researched data to narrow down the project and the interviews with the Swedish transport administration, this in order to pinpoint the requirements for the NPS. To get opinions from people who are exposed to low frequency noise, two questionnaires were conducted with a total of 80 respondents. Because of the difficulty to find the exact target group of people who are only exposed to the noise from high speed trains, the first questionnaire was open for all people who are exposed to low frequency noise (traffic noise). The second questionnaire was published at Trafikverket Facebook page, and because of their high number of followers, people who are exposed to train noise could easily be reached. From the answers and the analyzed data, a requirement specification for the NPS was created with all the requirements that the NPS needed to have according to Trafikverkets standards and from the questionnaire. These requirements were the prerequisite used in the synthesis phase. Different brainstorming methods were used to develop a large amount of ideas. A workshop with people from the society was held to keep the creativity alive. From the first synthesis phase, six ideas out of 160 ideas were chosen by a dot evaluation, and in order to narrow down the ideas even more, a matrix evaluation was used. The matrix was built from the requirement specification to verify which ideas fit most of the requirements for a new NPS. From this evaluation, two concepts were chosen to be developed further. After a validation from Trafikverket, the two concepts were further developed, this by an open brainstorming session. Via discussions and sketching, new ideas for the concepts arose. We found solutions for the problems that arose with each concept and made final decisions about the design and material. Three concepts were 3D visualized in the CAD program Rhinoceros. Final touches of the concepts were made in Keyshot. Throughout this thesis, three concepts for noise protections for the HSR have been developed and the research question “How can innovation be created by using a design process?” have been discussed and answered.

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-07-18T14:56:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7160064 bytes, checksum: f38bc7a4384f8181449fb2311f237ab1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T14:56:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7160064 bytes, checksum: f38bc7a4384f8181449fb2311f237ab1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The construction industry plays an important role in the Brazilian socioeconomic context. On the other hand, its activity is recognized as one of the most impactful to the environment, whether the high consumption of natural resources that it requires, either by habitat modification, or the generation of waste. Since the 1990s the high rates of construction waste generation are discussed by researchers. However, when dealing with the minimization of generation of construction wast, the predominant discourse is focused on waste management actions at the construction site or alternatives for recycling and / or reuse of the construction waste. The theme of this research takes a fresh look on this issue, proposing to identify the relationship between the design process of Vertical Multi-Family Housing and the generation of Construction Waste, from a qualitative analysis of the design process of an architecture firm with extensive experience in the development of this kind project. The results point to some design elements that can be crucial for the generation of construction wast, such as structure, masonry and its interface with electrical and hydraulic installations and finishing. In addition, were identified some actions that, when adopted in design process, may favor the minimization of construction waste: standardization of components and dimensions and optimization of coordination and detailed design process. As regards the attitude of the professionals interviewed, it was noticed that despite having shown little knowledge about the residue of the subject, adopted in their projects principles of rationalization of construction which indirectly influence the reduction of construction waste. The main contribution of this research is approaching the theme of the construction waste generation of the architecture research lines. / A indústria da construção civil exerce um importante papel no contexto socioeconômico brasileiro. Por outro lado, sua atividade é reconhecida como uma das mais impactantes para o meio ambiente, seja pelo alto consumo de recursos naturais que a mesma exige, seja pela modificação da paisagem, ou pela geração de resíduos. Desde a década de 1990 os altos índices de geração de Resíduos da Construção Civil (RCC) veem sendo alvo de discussão. No entanto, quando se aborda a minimização da geração de RCC, predomina o discurso focado em ações de gestão dos resíduos no canteiro de obras ou em alternativas para a reciclagem e/ou reuso do RCC. A temática desta pesquisa lança um novo olhar sobre esta questão, se propondo a identificar as relações entre o processo projetual de Habitação Multifamiliar Vertical (HMV) e a geração de RCC, a partir de uma análise qualitativa do processo projetual de um escritório de arquitetura com larga experiência no desenvolvimento de projetos de HMV. Os resultados apontam para alguns elementos de projeto que podem ser determinantes para a geração de RCC, tais como: estrutura, alvenaria e sua interface com instalações e acabamento. Além disso, foram identificadas algumas ações que, quando adotadas no processo projetual, podem favorecer a minimização de RCC: padronização dos componentes e dimensões e otimização do processo de coordenação e detalhamento de projeto. No que diz respeito a postura dos profissionais entrevistados, percebeu-se que apesar de terem demonstrado pouco conhecimento a cerca da temática do resíduo, adotam em seus projetos princípios de racionalização da construção que indiretamente influenciam na redução do RCC. A principal contribuição desta pesquisa é a aproximação da temática da geração de RCC com as linhas de pesquisa no âmbito d arquitetura e urbanismo.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GlauceLAA_TESE_Capa_ate_pag41.pdf: 802913 bytes, checksum: 5a9d6f5aaa583f77ffd556bd2dceaff2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-18 / The purpose of this research is to study the portable or reassemblable architectures, which, different from conventional architecture (whose designs are of permanent buildings), corresponds to the designing of spaces with temporary purposes. The focus of the study is the architectural design of spaces that are produced from building systems that can to be moved to different places (process of assembly / disassembly / reassembly) in order to identify the types of spaces generated and the processes used in their design / projecting. The aim is to investigate relationships between the initial project conceived based on a Reassemblable Construction System (RCS) and its application in the architectural design of professionals and students in order to contribute to the understanding of the specificities of this type of design activity. To this end it was developed the exploratory research based on multimedia methods, which includes: documentary analysis, technical visits, interviews, surveys, academic exercise and documentation by images. Although the study is not conclusive, the results indicate significant differences between the point of view of the RCS?s designers and its users (architects and architecture students) since the users demonstrated to have some difficulty to access the features provided for the first group, in particular the students. It is also demonstrated that the use of RCSs seems to change the appreciation / hierarchization of the conditions of project design, since, unlike what happens in traditional architectural design, the designers who use them seem to be more concerned with constructive issues, especially the structural elements (support and covering), instead of functionality, aesthetics and even physical characteristics of the site / O objeto de investiga??o desse estudo ? a arquitetura port?vel ou remont?vel, que, diferente da arquitetura convencional (feita para ser permanente), corresponde ? projeta??o de espa?os com fins tempor?rios. O foco do estudo ? o projeto arquitet?nico de espa?os que sejam produzidos a partir de sistemas construtivos que possam ser levados a v?rios s?tios (processo de montagem/desmontagem/remontagem), de modo a identificar os tipos de espa?os gerados e os processos utilizados em sua concep??o/projeta??o. Busca-se investigar rela??es entre o projeto inicial concebido a partir de um sistema construtivo remont?vel (SCR) e sua aplica??o na projeta??o arquitet?nica por profissionais e estudantes, a fim de contribuir com elementos que auxiliem a compreender as especificidades desse tipo de atividade projetual. Para tanto foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa explorat?ria com base em multim?todos, que abrangeu: an?lise documental, visitas t?cnicas, entrevistas, question?rios, exerc?cio acad?mico e documenta??o por imagens. Embora o estudo realizado n?o seja conclusivo, os resultados obtidos indicam haver diferen?as entre o ponto de vista dos projetistas do SCR e seus usu?rios (projetistas atuantes e em forma??o), pois os ?ltimos demonstram ter alguma dificuldade para acessar os recursos disponibilizados pelo primeiro grupo, em especial os estudantes. Tamb?m se evidencia que o uso de SCRs parece alterar a valoriza??o/hierarquiza??o dos condicionantes projetuais, uma vez que, diferentemente do que acontece em projetos arquitet?nicos tradicionais, os projetistas que os usam aparentam maior preocupa??o com as quest?es construtivas, sobretudo os elementos estruturais (apoios e cobertura), em detrimento de funcionalidade, est?tica e mesmo caracter?sticas f?sicas do local

abstract: The development of literacy abilities in young children has been a major concern for authorities and teachers in the USA for the last two decades. Significant effort has been devoted to ensure that preschool settings allow and motivate children to engage in literacy activities before entering kindergarten. Research has found that a rich classroom environment in preschool settings enables teachers to encourage literacy interest in children at a young age. While a large amount of research has concentrated in testing the effect of prescriptive modifications in the classroom environment, few have focused on studying the design process and tools that teachers follow to design their classrooms. Public policy and research studies in the United States, mention the design of the classroom environment among teacher's responsibilities, but they do not include practical or methodological guides for them to use. The purpose of this research was to study the design process and tools that teachers use to design literacy rich classrooms in preschool settings. A case study was conducted at the ASU Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College Preschool at Arizona State University. This setting provides a unique opportunity for an exploratory study of this nature because it is a private child development laboratory with a flexible curriculum. Participant observation sessions and in depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the design process used and experienced by the teachers. Findings revealed an iterative and cyclic design process that is repeated over time adjusting to the influence of numerous factors. Results also suggest that teacher's knowledge and beliefs highly influence the organization of their classrooms. Considering these factors as a standpoint allows for further exploration to determine a design process suitable for teachers when designing their learning environments. The use of a structured yet flexible design process, can be a potential tool for educators to design their classrooms, collaborate, document and transmit their knowledge. Although the findings correspond to a specific site studied, the implications are wide reaching as problems and opportunities expressed by the staff are common to other educational settings with similar characteristics. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S.D. Design 2013