L'optimisation des processus de conception est une activité de recherche en pleine évolution, soulignée dans de nombreuses références et pratiques des entreprises dans l'objectif l'amélioration et le développement de produits nouveaux. Notre démarche s'inscrit dans la continuité de ces activités qui prend comme point de départ la diversité des processus de conception existants et la difficulté de réaliser un choix où une adaptation. D'ou notre problématique est résumée autour d'une question centrale que nous formulons de la manière suivante : comment optimiser le choix d'un processus de conception soumis à un environnement contraint ? La réponse à cette question est à travers la proposition d'un outil d'aide au choix qui converge vers l'installation d'un processus de conception. Cet outil est tridimensionnel, où la première dimension vise la préparation de la phase amont de conception, la deuxième dimension sélectionne un processus de conception sur une carte de classement et l'objectif de la troisième dimension est l'identification des métiers, outils et méthodes pour le développement des produits. La partie expérimentale de notre travail nous a conduit à valider l'outil développer et proposer comment l'exploiter par des concepteurs. L'optimisation est réalisée dans notre travail par la proposition de l'outil tridimensionnel d'un coté et de l'autre par l'exploitation des algorithmes d'optimisation pour la modélisation de l'outil. Des nouvelles pistes de recherche pour l'amélioration sont identifiées et proposées pour des futurs travaux. / The optimization of the design process is a research evolving highlighted in numerous references and business practices with the aim improving and developing new products. Our approach is a continuation of those activities that takes as its starting point the diversity of existing design processes and the difficulty of achieving a selection where adaptation. Hence our problem is summarized around a central question which we formulate as follows: how to optimize the choice of the design process subject to a constrained environment? The answer to this question is through the proposition of a tool Help in choosing which converges to the installation of a design process. This tool is three-dimensional, where the first dimension relates to the preparation of the upstream design phase, the second dimension selects a design process on a map classification and the objective of the third dimension is the identification of trades tools and methods for product development. The experimental part of our work has led us to validate the developed tool and propose how to use by designers. Optimization is achieved in our work by the proposal of a three-dimensional tool side and the other by the use of optimization algorithms for modeling tool. New avenues of research for improvement are identified and proposed for future work.

Este trabalho descreve LAGO - Linguagem de Acesso Global ao sistema AMPLO AMPLO é um ambiente de projeto de sistemas digitais que consiste de uma base de dados orientada a objetos e diversas ferramentas de projeto, como editores de texto, editores gráficos, compiladores e simuladores de sistemas digitais. LAGO é a interface de alto nível de AMPLO, sendo responsável pelo controle de acesso aos recursos do sistema. Através desta interface, os usuários de AMPLO podem ativar funções de administração, gerência de projeto, projeto propriamente dito e consulta a base de dados. O acesso as diversas funções do sistema esta vinculado a classificação do usuário. Um - administrador geral - responsável pelo cadastro de usuários e de grupos de usuários. Grupos de usuários são criados Para realizar projetos, sob a liderança de um - administrador de grupo - Este indicado pelo administrador geral quando da criação do grupo e realiza funções de gerência de grupo e da base de dados associada ao grupo. Usuários - projetistas - tem acesso as funções de ativação de ferramentas (editores de texto, editores gráficos, compiladores e simuladores) e as func6es de administração de tarefas (uma tarefa corresponde a uma transação longa, a nível de banco de dados, por exemplo, a criação de objetos em varias sess6es de edição). A cada tarefa esta associada uma base de dados temporária, privativa do projetista, removida após o término da tarefa. Portanto, a base de dados de AMPLO e dividida em três níveis: base de dados pública, bases de dados por projeto e bases de dados dos projetistas. Permanentemente, LAGO oferece facilidades de consulta a base de dados. Estas funções de consulta estão disponíveis quando o usuário inicializa o sistema ou, posteriormente, pela seleção de uma função de consulta. A navegação pelos objetos da base de dados rode ser feita de forma gráfica ou textual. Na forma gráfica, os objetos são apresentados através de arvores representando os diversos tipos de relacionamentos existentes. Na forma textual, LAGO apresenta listas com nomes de objetos. / This work describes LAGO - a language for accessing the AMPLO system. AMPLO is a design environment of digital systems which is composed of an object oriented data base and of several design tools, such as text editors, graphics editors, compilers and simulators of digital systems LAGO is the high-level interface of AMPLO, and it is responsible for controlling the access to the system's resources. With this interface, the users of AMPLO may activate administratation and, design management functions, data base queries, and design tasks. The access to the several system functions is in accordance to the user classification. A "general administrator" is responsible for creating users and groups of users. Groups of users create designs, under the leadership of a "group administrator", who is indicated by the general administrator when the group is created. The "grou p administrator" has private functions for managing the group and the data base associated to the group. Designers activate design tools as text editors, graphic editors, compilers and simulators. Also they can use task management functions (a task corresponds to a long transaction at the data base level, like the creation of objects in several editing sessions, for example). A temporary data base which is a designer private data base is associated to each task, and is removed at the end of the task. Thus, the data base of AMPLO is divided into three levels: p ublic data base, group data base and designer data base LAGO permanently, offers facilities of data base ueries. These q uery functions are available when the user inicializes the system and later on, when the query function is selected. The navigation through the data base objects can be done in a gra p hical or textual form. In the graphical form, the objects are presented by trees representing the several types of relationships. In the textual form, LAGO presents lists with the name of objects.

Several decades ago, computer control systems known as Electric Control Units (ECUs) were introduced to the automotive industry. Mechanical hardware units have since then increasingly been replaced by computer controlled systems to manage complex tasks such as airbag, ABS, cruise control and so forth. This has lead to a massive increase of software functions and data which all needs to be managed. There are several tools and techniques for this, however, current tools and techniques for developing real-time embedded system are mostly focusing on software functions, not data. Those tools do not fully support developers to manage run-time data at design time. Furthermore, current tools do not focus on visualization of relationship among data items in the system. This thesis is a part of previous work named the Data Entity approach which prioritizes data management at the top level of development life cycle. Our main contribution is a tool that introduces a new way to intuitively explore run-time data items, which are produced and consumed by software components, utilized in the entire system. As a consequence, developers will achieve a better understanding of utilization of data items in the software system. This approach enables developers and system architects to avoid redundant data as well as finding and removing stale data from the system. The tool also allows us to analyze conflicts regarding run-time data items that might occur between software components at design time. / A Data-Entity Approach for Component-Based Real-Time Embedded Systems Development

[pt] Esta dissertação apresenta o Template de Metacomunicação Estendido, uma ferramenta, denominada Template Estendido de Metacomunicação, baseada em um conjunto de perguntas-guia derivadas da teoria da Engenharia Semiótica. Relatamos os resultados de um estudo para avaliar seus impactos no processo de design de sistemas de aprendizagem de máquina. Ao solicitar que designers e desenvolvedores respondam um conjunto de perguntas, a ferramenta busca auxiliá-los a organizar mentalmente suas interpretações da solução de design, ao mesmo tempo que revisitam as pressuposições por trás dela. Descrevemos, então, um estudo de design especulativo e analisamos seus resultados, identificando temas emergentes que nos ajudam a entender como a ferramenta proposta pode ser utilizada. Dentre os aspectos identificados mais relevantes estão a prática reflexiva do design, a atenção ao uso de linguagem, a atribuição de responsabilidade às pessoas envolvidas, o uso do arcabouço ético de apoio fornecido, os princípios da bioética, e as possíveis formas de se usar o template estendido. / [en] This dissertation presents the Extended Metacommunication Template, a tool based on a set of guiding questions derived from the theory of Semiotic Engineering. We report the results of a study we conducted to evaluate the tool s impacts on the design process of machine learning systems. By having designers and developers answer a set of questions, the tool aims to help them reflect on their interpretations of the design solution, while allowing them to revisit the presuppositions behind it. We then describe a speculative design study and analyze its results, identifying emergent themes that help us understand how the proposed tool may be used. Among the relevant themes identified are: the reflective practice of design, the designer s focus on their use of language, the process of attributing responsibility to the people involved, the use of the ethical framework provided to them, the bioethical principles, and the ways in which the extension of the template may be used.

Hållbarhet värderas allt högre utav konsumenter och allt fler företag satsar på ett utökat hållbarhetsarbete. Detta innebär att företag borde utveckla sitt hållbarhetsarbete för att bli eller fortsätta att vara konkurrenskraftiga. Konsumtionen av livsmedel står för 25 % av hushållens klimatpåverkan. Inom dagligvaruindustrin finns därmed en stor potential för förbättring. För ett utvecklat hållbarhetsarbete krävs innovativa lösningar. Design som process har visat sig kunnabidra med detta. Dock har studier visat på att trots att företag värderar design högt så implementeras det inte i samma utsträckning. Potentialen som design innehar riskerar därmed att gå förlorad av aktörerna på marknaden. Uppsatsen ämnar till att undersöka vilka faktorer som är viktiga för att design skall implementeras för att utveckla hållbara produkter inom dagligvaruindustrin. Studien är en multipel fallstudie med en kvalitativ ansats. Tre intervjuer har genomförts med europeiska företag som verkar på den svenska dagligvaru- och livsmedelsmarknaden. Studien visade på vikten av att företag genomsyras av hållbarhet och har en hög förståelse fördesign. Det är av vikt att såväl design som hållbarhet implementeras i början av produktutvecklingsprocessen som även kallas för Front-End. / Sustainability is increasingly valued by consumers and more companies are expanding the incorporation of sustainability in their work. This means companies should develop the incorporation of sustainability in their work to stay or become competitive on the market. The consuming of groceries accounts for 25 % of the households climate influence. Within the fast moving consumer goods industry there is therefore a potential of improvement. To develop the incorporation of sustainability in a company requires innovative solutions. Design as a process has been able to contribute with exactly this. Although, studies have shown that even though companies value design highly it is not implemented to the same extent. The potential that design possesses is therefore at risk of being lost by the actors of the market. The thesis intends to explore which factors that are important for design to be implemented to develop sustainable products in the fast moving consumer goods industry. The study is a multiple case study with a qualitative approach. Three interviews have beenmade with european companies that are active on the swedish fast moving consumer goodsindustry market. The study showed that it is of importance for a company to be permeated by sustainability andto have a high understanding of design. Furthermore, it is of importance that design as well assustainability is implemented in the beginning of the product development process that is also known as Front-End.

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This dissertation entitled ’Model-Based Exploration of Parallelism in the Context of Automotive Multi-Core Systems’ deals with the analytical investigation of different temporal relationships for automotive multi-processor systems subject to critical, embedded, real-time, distributed, and heterogeneous domain requirements. Vehicle innovation increasingly demands high-performance platforms in terms of, e.g., highly assisted or autonomous driving such that established software development processes must be examined, revised, and advanced. The goal is not to develop application software itself, but instead to improve the model-based development process, subject to numerous constraints and requirements. Model-based software development is, for example, an established process that allows systems to be analyzed and simulated in an abstracted, standardized, modular, isolated, or integrated manner. The verification of real-time behavior taking into account various constraints and modern architectures, which include graphics and heterogeneous processors as well as dedicated hardware accelerators, is one of many challenges in the real-time and automotive community. The software distribution across hardware entities and the identification of software that can be executed in parallel are crucial in the development process. Since these processes usually optimize one or more properties, they belong to the category of problems that can only be solved in polynomial time using non-deterministic methods and thus make use of (meta) heuristics for being solved. Such (meta) heuristics require sophisticated implementation and configuration, due to the properties to be optimized are usually subject to many different analyses. With the results of this dissertation, various development processes can be adjusted to modern architectures by using new and extended processes that enable future and computationally intensive vehicle applications on the one hand and improve existing processes in terms of efficiency and effectiveness on the other hand. These processes include runnable partitioning, task mapping, data allocation, and timing verification, which are addressed with the help of constraint programming, genetic algorithms, and heuristics.

Im Rahmen der Dissertation wurden die Wechselwirkungen, mögliche Potenziale und Herausforderungen von agilen Prinzipien im Hinblick auf IoT– und KI–Anwendungen auf den Softwareentwicklungsprozess in mittelständischen Unternehmen untersucht. Dazu wurde primär dem gestaltungsorientierten Forschungsparadigma, welches von besonderer Relevanz für die konstruktionsorientierte deutsche Wirtschaftsinformatik ist, gefolgt. Ein Primärziel dieses Forschungsvorhabens war die theoretische Herleitung agiler Methoden und Technologien zur Verbesserung der Software–Engineering–Prozesse mittelständischer Systemhäuser sowie die empirische Validierung und kritische Betrachtung dieser Technologien und Methodiken anhand ausgewählter, repräsentativer Fallbeispiele. Das zweites Primärziel der Dissertation ist die Forschungsarbeit an KI–Systemen, insbesondere im Rahmen von IoT–Anwendungen unter Berücksichtigung der möglichen Wechselwirkungen.

There exist numerous approaches to index either spatio-temporal or high-dimensional data. None of them is able to efficiently index hybrid data types, thus spatio-temporal and high-dimensional data. As the best high-dimensional indexing techniques are only able to index point-data and not now-relative data and the best spatio-temporal indexing techniques suffer from the curse of dimensionality, this thesis introduces the Spatio-Temporal Pyramid Adapter (STPA). The STPA maps spatio-temporal data on points, now-values on the median of the data set and indexes them with the pyramid technique. For high-dimensional and spatio-temporal index structures no generally accepted benchmark exists. Most index structures are only evaluated by custom benchmarks and compared to a tiny set of competitors. Benchmarks may be biased as a structure may be created to perform well in a certain benchmark or a benchmark does not cover a certain speciality of the investigated structures. In this thesis, the Interface Based Performance Comparison (IBPC) technique is introduced. It automatically generates test sets with a high code coverage on the system under test (SUT) on the basis of all functions defined by a certain interface which all competitors support. Every test set is performed on every SUT and the performance results are weighted by the achieved coverage and summed up. These weighted performance results are then used to compare the structures. An implementation of the IBPC, the Performance Test Automation Framework (PTAF) is compared to a classic custom benchmark, a workload generator whose parameters are optimized by a genetic algorithm and a specific PTAF alternative which incorporates the specific behavior of the systems under test. This is done for a set of two high-dimensional spatio-temporal indices and twelve variants of the R-tree. The evaluation indicates that PTAF performs at least as good as the other approaches in terms of minimal test cases with a maximized coverage. Several case studies on PTAF demonstrate its widespread abilities.

<p dir="ltr">The adoption of Heterogeneous Integration (HI) technologies in semiconductor packaging to build 2.5D/3D structures has led to increased power densities and material heterogeneity. These structures place a new burden on thermal and mechanical design. Additionally, these structures allow for significantly increased physical design freedom. With more possible layout options as well as tougher thermal constraints, new specialized tools are required to accelerate this type of design.</p><p dir="ltr">To address this problem using traditional finite element analysis Stack3D is presented. Stack3D is a steady-state thermal-mechanical geometry modeling and analysis platform for advanced packaging early design exploration. It is a finite element simulator developed from scratch in Matlab complete with symbolic geometry representation, automatic meshing, chip power map support, and sparse matrix acceleration.</p><p dir="ltr">After the development of Stack3D, methods for further accelerating the simulation process at the cost of solution accuracy were examined. Neural networks were selected as an engine for this task based on their millisecond evaluation time. In order to choose between the training paradigms of Physics Informed and Data Driven neural networks, a series of benchmarks were run to identify Data Driven networks as ideal candidates for steady state heat conduction.</p><p dir="ltr">Last, the first neural network model for fully generalized steady state heat conduction of 3D packages is developed. This is made possible by using the solution to the partial differential equation governing steady state heat conduction and casting the problem into an image-to-image translation framework. After accounting for the third spatial dimension, this allows the use of cutting edge image processing network for the heat conduction problem. After training, the network was able to run tens of thousands of simulations with an average of 0.53\% error and 0.0035 seconds per simulation.</p>