En 1767 los jesuitas fueron expulsados de los dominios de Carlos III. Así comenzaba un duro periplo en el exilio, viviendo desesperados ante la incomprensión por lo sucedido. Encontraron consuelo en las profecías, transmitidas en sus misivas y en las páginas de sus diarios, que aseguraban su retorno a la patria y calmaban su ánimo frente a la incertidumbre. Tras la supresión de la Compañía, las profecías se multiplicaron y se perciben aún en el Ochocientos, en los años de la invasión francesa de los Estados Pontificios. La oleada profética fue sustancialmente femenina: monjas y mujeres laicas, de origen humilde, fueron las principales transmisoras de la “voluntad divina” a través de las revelaciones, siendo en muchas ocasiones juzgadas y condenadas por el Santo Oficio bajo la acusación de Affettata Santità. Las páginas siguientes siguen las huellas de la profecía femenina, desde las sibilas al Siglo de las Luces, trazando el perfil social y político de las visionarias. Desde la complejidad política y religiosa de la centuria se analiza el interés de los jesuitas en los episodios de profetismo y el rol de la profecía en la restauración de la Orden, así como la intención de las autoridades borbónicas y del papa de silenciar los vaticinios filojesuitas.

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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Lingüística mención Lengua Española

The monograph Ripped from the land, shipped away, and reborn introduces the concept Destierro-which translates as uprooting, deracination, exile, exodus, and banishment- to unthink the intellectual, political, and legal categories used by prevailing intellectual models to narrate/explain the 2002 massacre, occurred at the community of Bellavista-Bojayá-Chocó-Colombia. This thesis offers a critical prospect of the event. It highlights ethno-historical analytics to deconstruct the concepts of forced displacement, and forced migration. I study the racial, class, gender, generational, and regional dimensions undergirding this phenomenon to propose an Afrodiasporic Decolonial Critique of the field of Forced Migration. Single-axis explanations of this event and phenomenon have failed to move forward a complex analytical framework to fully explain the joint effect of multiple systems of oppression at play in events of land dispossession. Variables such as race, place, gender, and class; historical processes such as colonialism, the development of capitalism, contemporary place-based ethno-territorial social mobilization, and neoliberal multiculturalism intersect in this massacre. Accordingly, it is an imperative for critical historical sociological research to craft theories, and concepts to understand these crossroads. The basic argument I develop is that the concepts of forced displacement, and forced migration are formulas for historical erasure, and therefore limited to contribute to the demands for reparation of the affected populations. Territories are socio-geo-historical formations that can only be understood within the context in which they are conceived, produced, re-produced, and unproduced. Likewise, the categories used to name and study land dispossession need to be contextually and historically grounded to capture both complex local specificities, and global linkages. I advocate for concepts that can be used as categories of analysis, social mobilization, and reparation; to unveil the historical roots of the current constellation of processes, which are generating a new cycle of Diaspora of the Afrocolombian population, and similar contexts in the world-system in which this phenomenon is observable. In this vein, unthinking/deconstructing the concepts of forced displacement, and forced migration, as well as the massacre of Bellavista as an event of forced displacement, is an attempt to write stories that can repair the broken dignity of those that have been, and still are continually exploited.

Dentro de las penas de libertad se han distinguido tradicionalmente aquéllas que privan de ella en su mayor parte de aquéllas que sólo intervienen la facultad locomotiva o ambulatoria, con frecuencia referidas científica o legislativamente a la libertad de residencia, pero de concepto en realidad mucho más amplio, por prohibir la permanencia y aun el mero acceso al territorio vedado. En España, con atención tanto a los textos legales como a los proyectos legislativos, cabe reconocer ese componente restrictivo de la libertad ambulatoria en las penas de deportación o relegación, de extrañamiento, de confinamiento y de destierro; otra figura penal, la sujeción a la vigilancia de la autoridad, ha sido inicialmente medio punitivo y después medida de seguridad; por fin, la expulsión de extranjeros, que apenas ha tenido consideración de pena, completa el cuadro de consecuencias jurídicas del delito encuadrables en esta categoría. / Within the ambit of the penalisation of liberty there have traditionally been those penalties that remove liberty almost entirely and those that only restrict freedom of movement. These latter are frequently referred to, technically or legally, as concerning right of residence, but which are in fact of far greater compass, since they prohibit the possibility of staying in, or even entry to, the proscribed territory. In Spain, in both legal texts and in proposed legislation, one may notice this component of restriction of movement in the penalties of deportation, banishments and exile. Another penal measure, that of subjection to surveillance by the authorities, was initially a punitive measure and then became a matter of security. Finally, the expulsion of foreigners, which has scarcely been regarded as a punishment, completes the stock of legal measures used against the offences brought together in this category.