The study is a narrative account of Chilean men who came to Canada after the September 11th, 1973 overthrow of government. In-depth interviews are used to reflect the life stories of 12 political exiles living in Saskatoon and Regina, Saskatchewan. This study expands the theme of belonging by analyzing how exiles negotiate identity to their country 25 years after their imposed departure. The accounts reveal how different groups of exiles draw on a view of their past as to reinforce links to the homeland. The question of identity is examined through the changing nature of exile political discourse and how that discourse provides meaning and shape to the host and home country. The study therefore asks how Chilean men in Canada remember their country, make sense of their political experiences, and give meaning to the question of belonging in the light of changing circumstances in their lives.

The study is a narrative account of Chilean men who came to Canada after the September 11th, 1973 overthrow of government. In-depth interviews are used to reflect the life stories of 12 political exiles living in Saskatoon and Regina, Saskatchewan. This study expands the theme of belonging by analyzing how exiles negotiate identity to their country 25 years after their imposed departure. The accounts reveal how different groups of exiles draw on a view of their past as to reinforce links to the homeland. The question of identity is examined through the changing nature of exile political discourse and how that discourse provides meaning and shape to the host and home country. The study therefore asks how Chilean men in Canada remember their country, make sense of their political experiences, and give meaning to the question of belonging in the light of changing circumstances in their lives.

Public housing authorities (PHAs) have enforced banishment since the late 1980s by granting police the authority to ban non-residents from public housing neighborhoods and arresting them for trespassing upon violating the ban. PHAs justify banishment by stating that issuing bans and arrests for trespassing aid in crime prevention by removing non-residents who may commit criminal acts if left unguarded. Nonetheless, there has been no scientific evidence to suggest that banishment works to reduce crime. Similarly, the role community policing can play in enforcing banishment is unclear and scarce research has considered the effects of banishment on racial and ethnic minorities at neighborhood and individual levels. To address these issues this three-part study examined the enforcement of banishment on Kings Housing Authority (KHA; Southeast, US) public housing property from 2004-2012. Collectively these studies address the following overarching research questions: Does banishment reduce crime in public housing neighborhoods? Does banishment disproportionately target racial and ethnic public housing neighborhoods? Does banishment prevent banned individuals from re-offending in public housing? Does banishment disproportionately ban racial and ethnic individuals? What are the residential perceptions of banishment and its effectiveness? How does race and ethnicity affect perceptions of banishment and its effectiveness? Results suggest that banishment is better at reducing property crime than violent crime, though the reductions are modest at best. Increases in bans predicted decreases in drug arrests the following year and predicted that drug offenders can be deterred. Despite these crime control benefits results also suggested that the enforcement of banishment comes at a cost. First, a significant amount of banned individuals are not deterred. Second, while trespass enforcement is used in communities other than public housing, the issuing of bans is concentrated only within public housing communities and bans are predominantly issued to African-American males. Finally, results found that residents are not likely to find them effective if they think they are policing too much or policing too little. Future directions and implications are discussed given the dynamic between the crime control benefits of banishment and its social consequences. / Ph. D.

This thesis develops an interdisciplinary, theoretical framework for analyzing moments of legal pluralism in banishment cases in Samoa. In the first two chapters, select theoretical forms, discourses and practices from legal anthropology, comparative legal scholarship and law and society studies are critically analyzed. Chapter three examines the role of metaphors in theorizing legal pluralism and legal change in both comparative legal scholarship and law and society scholarship. In chapters four and five, elements that were critically analyzed in chapters one through three are drawn together and recombined to theorize legal pluralism in Samoa. As part of this recombination, I employ two metaphors to guide my analysis. Metaphor one, woven objects, is employed to represent select strands of legality existent in Samoa. Metaphor two, the weaving process, is used to analyze how people create moments of legal pluralism in Samoan banishment cases through the adoption of particular subjectivities, through articulation of legal information, and via relations of power.

Denna uppsats utforskar vikten av att läsa Platon inte bara som en filosof men också som en poet med utgångspunkt i dialogformen och genom begreppet mimesis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:31:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HIS - Simei Maria de Souza Torres.pdf: 9477479 bytes, checksum: dc26edb506442d8aa9499474e78262ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-09 / The banishment is a very old penal practice, having been applied by the societies in the defense and conservation of the order, excluding the social environment of the elements that offended the rules of conduct. In Portugal, it had been since the High Medium Age and from the XV and XVI centuries, the Portuguese expansionist politic implemented the use, through the punishment of banishment, to the ones that were socially undesirable like settlers in their overseas domains. This work analyzes the banishment process for the Portuguese Amazon, in the second half of the XVIII century. For Portuguese Amazon we understand the distinct States from the State of Brazil in Portuguese America, therefore, it refers to the territories of the State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão (1751-1772) and the State of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro (1772-1823). It privileges and it relates three study objects that have been little visited by the historiography: the convicted by the Portuguese secular courts to the colonial banishment, the study of the banishment in the second half of the XVIII century and the day-by-day of the convicted at the place of banishment and the dimension of the insertion of those in the Amazonian colonial society. In this sense, it seeks to understand and to evidence the place of the banished in the political communication circuits and in the instances of social structure and institutional presence in the second Portuguese colony in America. It aims at the Amazonian colony as a area of social tensions, negotiations and disputes; a possible place of conquering the challenges of a new social adjustment, building or resuming social ties, to those that had suffered an inverse social mobility: from metropolitans to infamous banished ones / O degredo é uma prática penal muito antiga, tendo sido aplicada pelas sociedades na defesa e conservação da ordem, excluindo do meio social os elementos infratores das normas de conduta estabelecidas. Em Portugal, foi utilizada desde a Alta Idade Média e, a partir dos séculos XV e XVI, a política expansionista portuguesa implementou o aproveitamento, através da pena de degredo, dos seus indesejáveis sociais como agentes colonizadores dos seus domínios no ultramar. Este trabalho analisa o processo de degredo para a Amazônia portuguesa, na segunda metade do século XVIII. Por Amazônia portuguesa compreendemos os Estados distintos do Estado do Brasil na América portuguesa, portanto, refere-se aos territórios do Estado do Grão-Pará e Maranhão (1751-1772) e o Estado do Grão- Pará e Rio Negro (1772-1823). Privilegia e relaciona três objetos de estudo ainda pouco visitados pela historiografia: os condenados por tribunais seculares portugueses ao degredo colonial, o estudo do degredo na segunda metade do século XVIII e o cotidiano dos condenados no local de degredo e a dimensão da inserção destes na sociedade colonial amazônica. Neste sentido, busca compreender e evidenciar o lugar dos degredados nos circuitos de comunicação política e nas instâncias de estruturação social e institucional presentes na segunda colônia portuguesa na América. Apontando a colônia amazônica como um espaço de tensões sociais, negociações e disputas; um local possível de se vencer os desafios de um novo ajuste social, de construir ou reatar laços sociais, àqueles que haviam sofrido uma mobilidade social inversa: de metropolitanos a infames degredados

Ce travail de thèse, travail de lectures, de recherches, d’enquêtes sur le terrain social, de réflexion et d’analyse m’a permis de me pencher sur la question, combien complexe, mais vitale, de l’éducation. Ma problématique a été de tenter d’explorer l’éducation donnée aux jeunes en contexte traditionnel du Bénin, et de me demander si cette éducation permet à ces jeunes de se sentir citoyens du monde à part entière, sans être totalement coupés de leurs racines. Puis de voir si par l’éducation scolaire on arrive à ouvrir ces mêmes jeunes aux valeurs universelles et à faire d’eux des citoyens du monde, sans les couper totalement de leurs racines. J’en suis arrivé à me poser la question de l’enracinement culturel et du déracinement en rapport avec la question de l’éducation scolaire. D’où le titre de cette thèse : «Socialisation en milieu traditionnel et éducation scolaire : enracinement et déracinement culturels en éducation ». J’ai analysé, d’une part, la position de mes interlocuteurs sur ce que transmet, selon eux, l’éducation familiale puis les fonctions qu’ils attendent de l’éducation scolaire, et d’autre part, j’ai étudié les véritables fonctions de l’école. J’ai abordé le tout dans une réflexion analytique et critique, avec en lumière ma problématique sur l’éducation comme entre enracinement et déracinement. Comment comprendre le fait de l’éducation comme un enracinement, c’est-à-dire une prise en compte de l’identité du sujet en éducation, de son passé, de ses racines ? Et comment comprendre l’éducation comme un déracinement, une rupture, une coupure avec les racines, une ouverture aux autres ? Au terme de ce travail qui a consisté ainsi à rechercher les représentations et les pratiques éducatives en milieu traditionnel et à l’école au Bénin, j’ai cherché à déterminer, entre tradition et modernité, le rapport entre les représentations et les pratiques éducatives en milieu traditionnel comme à l’école. Il y a parfois un écart entre les représentations et les pratiques des mêmes individus : les gens ne font pas toujours ce qu’ils disent qu’ils font. Aussi, entre éducation traditionnelle et scolarisation, le problème n’est pas tant de la conservation et de la transmission d’une échelle de valeurs mais, je dirais, de la nécessaire composition de valeurs quelquefois contradictoires entre elles / This work of thesis, work of readings, searches, fieldworks social, reflection and analysis allowed me to tilt me on the question, how much complex, but vital, of the education. My problem was to try to investigate the education given to the young people in traditional context of Benin, and to ask me if this education allows these young people to feel public-spirited of the full world, without being totally cut by their roots. Then to see if by the school education we manage to open the same young people to the universal values and to make of them citizens of the world, without cutting them totally of their roots. I managed to ask myself the question of the cultural implanting and the banishment in touch with the question of the school education. Where from the title of this thesis: " socialization in traditional environment and school education: cultural implanting and banishment in education ". I analyzed, on one hand, the position of my interlocutors on what transmits, according to them, the family education then the functions that they expect from the school education, and on the other hand, I studied the real functions of the school. I approached the whole on an analytical and critical reflection, with in light my problem on the education as between implanting and banishment. How to understand the fact of the education as an implanting, that is a consideration of the identity of the subject in education, of his past, of its roots? And how understand the education as the banishment, the break, the cut with roots, the opening in the others? In the term of this work which so consisted in looking for the representations and the educational practices in traditional environment and to the school in Benin, I tried to determine, between tradition and modernity, the report between the representations and the educational practices in environment traditional as to the school. There is sometimes a distance between the representations and the practices of the same individuals: people do not still make that they say that they make. So, between traditional education and schooling, the problem is not so much preservation and the transmission of a valuable scale but, I would say, of the necessary composition of sometimes contradictory values between them

Submitted by Carolina Lobianco (carol.lobianco@globo.com) on 2018-05-25T18:34:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_CAROLINA_LOBIANCO.pdf: 11465629 bytes, checksum: a3b7d663ac8d9b1653d25cfff813ad5c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diego Andrade (diego.andrade@fgv.br) on 2018-06-18T17:14:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_CAROLINA_LOBIANCO.pdf: 11465629 bytes, checksum: a3b7d663ac8d9b1653d25cfff813ad5c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-02T18:00:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_CAROLINA_LOBIANCO.pdf: 11465629 bytes, checksum: a3b7d663ac8d9b1653d25cfff813ad5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-09 / O objetivo dessa dissertação é discutir a publicidade de cigarro no Brasil pós condenação do tabagismo. As estratégias publicitárias utilizadas pela indústria nos EUA e Reino Unido em função das primeiras pesquisas que ligavam o tabagismo ao câncer de pulmão são igual-mente examinadas neste trabalho, considerando que muitas dessas foram adaptadas ao caso brasileiro. A condenação da indústria do tabaco no Brasil se iniciou somente após a Constituição de 1988, momento no qual o governo brasileiro passou a regular a propaganda comercial de certos produtos como o próprio tabaco, bebidas alcoólicas, agrotóxicos, medicamentos e terapias. O presente trabalho faz um breve histórico do período inicial de atuação da indústria do tabaco no Brasil, tendo sempre como foco principal a publicidade de cigarros e seus desdobramentos pós 1988. / The main purpose of this master’s dissertation is the cigarette advertising debate in Bra-zil after the tobacco conviction. The industry advertising strategies used by USA and United Kingdom according to the first researches which linked tobacco and lung cancer are equally examined in this work, considering that most of them were adapted to the Brazilian case. The conviction of the tobacco industry in Brazil has only started after the Federal Constitution of 1988, when Brazilian Government has started to control the advertising of certain products like tobacco, alcoholic drinks, pesticides, medicines and theraphies.This present study does a brief history of the beginning of the tobacco industry in Brazil, concentrated in the cigarette advertising, and its developments after 1988.

Dentro de las penas de libertad se han distinguido tradicionalmente aquéllas que privan de ella en su mayor parte de aquéllas que sólo intervienen la facultad locomotiva o ambulatoria, con frecuencia referidas científica o legislativamente a la libertad de residencia, pero de concepto en realidad mucho más amplio, por prohibir la permanencia y aun el mero acceso al territorio vedado. En España, con atención tanto a los textos legales como a los proyectos legislativos, cabe reconocer ese componente restrictivo de la libertad ambulatoria en las penas de deportación o relegación, de extrañamiento, de confinamiento y de destierro; otra figura penal, la sujeción a la vigilancia de la autoridad, ha sido inicialmente medio punitivo y después medida de seguridad; por fin, la expulsión de extranjeros, que apenas ha tenido consideración de pena, completa el cuadro de consecuencias jurídicas del delito encuadrables en esta categoría. / Within the ambit of the penalisation of liberty there have traditionally been those penalties that remove liberty almost entirely and those that only restrict freedom of movement. These latter are frequently referred to, technically or legally, as concerning right of residence, but which are in fact of far greater compass, since they prohibit the possibility of staying in, or even entry to, the proscribed territory. In Spain, in both legal texts and in proposed legislation, one may notice this component of restriction of movement in the penalties of deportation, banishments and exile. Another penal measure, that of subjection to surveillance by the authorities, was initially a punitive measure and then became a matter of security. Finally, the expulsion of foreigners, which has scarcely been regarded as a punishment, completes the stock of legal measures used against the offences brought together in this category.

Thesis deals with the Institute of banishment in the context of domestic violence. The introductory part of the work is devoted to a brief history of domestic violence and the definition of various concepts of domestic violence. There are also listed authorities dealing with help and solving cases of domestic violence. The work is focused on cases of domestic violence by the banish of violent persons from the common dwelling. Furthermore, the work described things that are directly related to the banish of violent persons from the common dwelling and domestic violence. The chief of work is focused on the exact and latest procedure and activities Police of the Czech Republic in the event of banish.