This thesis investigates the function of number marking in Persian, within the framework of principles and parameters (P&P), and its relationship to inflectional and derivational number marking. Following the assumption in Distributed Morphology that inflectional and derivational morphology are not distinct, the distribution and properties of number marking in Persian provide evidence for both inflectional and derivational number marking. Assuming the two parameters of number marking (Wiltschko, 2007, 2008), number marking as a functional head and number marking as a modifier, I propose that number marking in Persian is mainly inflectional while number functions as a functional head; moreover, I propose that number marking in Persian can be derivational while number functions as a modifier. This explains that number morphology in Persian is not split to either inflectional or derivational. Rather, following Booij’s (1993, 1995) claim that inflectional morphology can be used contextually as well as inherently, I propose that number morphology in Persian is inflectional while number is a functional head; however, it has inherent residues as a modifier. Considering the functions of inflectional plural morphology in Persian, I argue that the functional category Number Phrase (NumP) is projected in Persian, and number is generated in the head of this functional category. Besides, Persian is a classifier language in which classifiers are in complementary distribution with plural marking. Following Borer’s (2005) discussion of the complementary distribution of plural marking and classifiers in Armenian, I argue that the head of NumP in Persian is either occupied by the plural maker or by full/empty classifiers. Moreover, I show that the presence of bare singulars/plurals in certain syntactic positions in Persian is related to the projection/non-projection of NumP.

demonstrative determiner - actualization - identification - reference - deixis - anaphora - cataphora - literary narative text Demonstrative determiner actualises and identifies a noun by designation the referent of this noun. Demonstrative determiner designates the referent in space (physical surroundings of the speaker), in context, or in common shared experience. In literary text, demonstrative determiner designates the referent in context by anaphora or cataphora, in some cases it designates the referent in fictional space.

Orientador: Charlotte Marie Chambelland Galves / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T22:01:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Floripi_SimoneAzevedo_D.pdf: 1875269 bytes, checksum: b059fb7e8167a29ea9a32a008e7fa4fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esta tese tem por objetivo descrever e analisar, dentro de uma perspectiva diacrônica, a variação do uso do determinante em estruturas com sintagmas nominais (DP) possessivos em 23 textos de autores portugueses nascidos desde o século 16 ao século 19. No período investigado, o emprego do artigo mostrava-se variável, passando, no decorrer dos séculos, para uma obrigatoriedade que se manifesta nos dias de hoje nesse contexto. Esta pesquisa, buscará determinar os contextos afetados pela mudança e delinear uma análise para os fenômenos envolvidos. Como arcabouço teórico utilizaremos uma abordagem minimalista (Chomsky (1995), Kayne (1994) e Schoorlemmer (1998)), tendo como pressupostos teóricos o Modelo de Princípios e Parâmetros. Sobre as características do Português Europeu moderno, período final da mudança investigada, utilizaremos as investigações de Castro (2001, 2006), Castro e Costa (2002), Miguel (2002, 2004) e Brito (2001, 2007) sobre o sintagma possessivo. Os textos utilizados como base de investigação para esta pesquisa diacrônica foram selecionados do Corpus Anotado do Português Histórico Tycho Brahe que se encontram disponíveis na internet no site: www.ime.usp.br/~tycho/corpus. Para o levantamento de dados serão utilizados os textos disponíveis do Corpus Tycho Brahe, pois, assim, poderemos tratar quantitativamente de objetos mais complexos, tanto do ponto de vista do fenômeno envolvido quanto do período considerado; e, com base nesse tratamento quantitativo, faremos uma análise qualitativa sustentável / Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to describe and investigate, within a diachronic perspective, the use of the determiner in possessive noun phrases in 23 Portuguese authors born between the 16th and the 19th century. During the period considered, the use of the article was variable, becoming obligatory at some point, as it can be observed nowadays in European Portuguese. This research will try to verify the contexts affected by the change and to propose an analysis for the observed facts. We adopt a minimalist approach based on Chomsky (1995), Kayne (1994) and Schoorlemmer (1998) within the Principles and Parameters Model. In order to explore the modern European Portuguese characteristics, corresponding to the last stage of the change investigated, we use the analyses by Castro (2001, 2006), Castro e Costa (2002), Miguel (2002, 2004) and Brito (2001, 2007). For our description and analysis, we use literary texts drawn from the Corpus Anotado do Português Histórico Tycho Brahe, which are freely available at www.ime.usp.br/~tycho/corpus / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística

Diante da recente estruturação empresarial em Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) ser cada vez mais freqüente no país, especificamente no Rio Grande do Sul, estado pioneiro no apoio ao desenvolvimento destes arranjos, faz-se necessário um estudo científico com a finalidade de buscar um melhor entendimento sobre o que torna um arranjo bem sucedido, para se valer dessas informações em vários campos. O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar e aprofundar os fatores relevantes para o sucesso de um APL, bem como a busca de indícios de fracasso, através dos casos de três arranjos considerados bem sucedidos no Rio Grande do Sul (Metalmecânico - Caxias do Sul; Moveleiro - Bento Gonçalves; Metalmecânico Pós-colheita - Panambi/Condor), a fim de aprender com as suas experiências. Para tanto, buscou-se relacionar a teoria com a aplicabilidade através de pesquisa prévia aos estudos de caso propriamente ditos, por meio das contribuições de especialistas brasileiros para um refinamento teórico-conceitual do tema. Esta iniciativa se mostrou bastante frutífera, recebendo a contribuição de 36 especialistas, os quais responderam um questionário sobre quatro macroconstrutos: Sucesso, Fracasso, Resultados e Pontos Fracos. Os resultados compilados desta pesquisa serviram de parâmetro para o estabelecimento do roteiro das entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com 25 atores da governança dos três APLs mencionados, alterando-se os macroconstrutos para: Sucesso, Fracasso, Competitividade, Relacionamentos e Governança. Entre os resultados deste estudo, destaca-se os 10 elementos de sucesso para o APL, encontrados, em maior ou menor grau, em todos os arranjos estudados, a saber: Criação e difusão de conhecimento e inovação, Vínculos de cooperação entre estrutura produtiva, instituições de ensino e pesquisa e governo, Infra-estrutura e ambiente favorável, Competitividade empresarial, Governança estruturada, Cooperação e confiança, Eficiência coletiva, Capital social, Articulação político institucional e Sistema de informações. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-20T19:33:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Eliana Mattioda.pdf: 4934390 bytes, checksum: df4cc359dcb3c2dc1b6aa6f63e9e1602 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T19:33:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Eliana Mattioda.pdf: 4934390 bytes, checksum: df4cc359dcb3c2dc1b6aa6f63e9e1602 (MD5) / As the changes promoted by enterprises in Local Productive Arrangements (Clusters) are becoming more frequent in our country, mainly in Rio Grande do Sul, one of the first states that supported the development of these arrangements, it becomes necessary that scientific studies be developed in search for a better comprehension about what makes a Cluster a case of success. This way, the information obtained by these studies can be helpful both in similar fields and other areas of study. The goal of this academic paper is to identify and reveal the relevant aspects that contribute to the success of a Cluster, such as identifying which are the factors that may cause the failure, by analyzing three cases considered successful in Rio Grande do Sul: Metal-mechanic in Caxias do Sul, Furniture Industry in Bento Gonçalves and Metal-mechanic Post-harvest in Panambi/Condor. Because of that, a relation between the theory and the applicability was made, using the results of case studies, in which Brazilian specialists gave their contribution to a refinement of the theme, both in theoretical and conceptual terms. This initiative showed positive results, receiving contribution from 36 experts; they answered a questionnaire about four macro-concepts: Success, Failure, Results and Weak Points. After the compilation of this data, the results were used as parameter to establish a new model to be used in deeply interviews done with 25 representatives from the successful clusters previously mentioned and modifying the macro-concepts to: Success, Failure, Competitiveness and Governance. Analyzing the results of this study it was possible to identify 10 elements that were always in evidence, contributing and leading the Clusters success. These elements were present in all the studied arrangements. They are as follows: Creation and Diffusion of Knowledge and Innovation; Cooperation Links among Productive Structure; Education and Research Institutions and the Government; Favorable Infra-structure and Environment; Enterprise Competitiveness; Organized Governance; Cooperation and Confidence; Collective Efficiency; Social Capital; Institutional and Politician Articulation; and Information Systems.

Diante da recente estruturação empresarial em Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) ser cada vez mais freqüente no país, especificamente no Rio Grande do Sul, estado pioneiro no apoio ao desenvolvimento destes arranjos, faz-se necessário um estudo científico com a finalidade de buscar um melhor entendimento sobre o que torna um arranjo bem sucedido, para se valer dessas informações em vários campos. O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar e aprofundar os fatores relevantes para o sucesso de um APL, bem como a busca de indícios de fracasso, através dos casos de três arranjos considerados bem sucedidos no Rio Grande do Sul (Metalmecânico - Caxias do Sul; Moveleiro - Bento Gonçalves; Metalmecânico Pós-colheita - Panambi/Condor), a fim de aprender com as suas experiências. Para tanto, buscou-se relacionar a teoria com a aplicabilidade através de pesquisa prévia aos estudos de caso propriamente ditos, por meio das contribuições de especialistas brasileiros para um refinamento teórico-conceitual do tema. Esta iniciativa se mostrou bastante frutífera, recebendo a contribuição de 36 especialistas, os quais responderam um questionário sobre quatro macroconstrutos: Sucesso, Fracasso, Resultados e Pontos Fracos. Os resultados compilados desta pesquisa serviram de parâmetro para o estabelecimento do roteiro das entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com 25 atores da governança dos três APLs mencionados, alterando-se os macroconstrutos para: Sucesso, Fracasso, Competitividade, Relacionamentos e Governança. Entre os resultados deste estudo, destaca-se os 10 elementos de sucesso para o APL, encontrados, em maior ou menor grau, em todos os arranjos estudados, a saber: Criação e difusão de conhecimento e inovação, Vínculos de cooperação entre estrutura produtiva, instituições de ensino e pesquisa e governo, Infra-estrutura e ambiente favorável, Competitividade empresarial, Governança estruturada, Cooperação e confiança, Eficiência coletiva, Capital social, Articulação político institucional e Sistema de informações. / As the changes promoted by enterprises in Local Productive Arrangements (Clusters) are becoming more frequent in our country, mainly in Rio Grande do Sul, one of the first states that supported the development of these arrangements, it becomes necessary that scientific studies be developed in search for a better comprehension about what makes a Cluster a case of success. This way, the information obtained by these studies can be helpful both in similar fields and other areas of study. The goal of this academic paper is to identify and reveal the relevant aspects that contribute to the success of a Cluster, such as identifying which are the factors that may cause the failure, by analyzing three cases considered successful in Rio Grande do Sul: Metal-mechanic in Caxias do Sul, Furniture Industry in Bento Gonçalves and Metal-mechanic Post-harvest in Panambi/Condor. Because of that, a relation between the theory and the applicability was made, using the results of case studies, in which Brazilian specialists gave their contribution to a refinement of the theme, both in theoretical and conceptual terms. This initiative showed positive results, receiving contribution from 36 experts; they answered a questionnaire about four macro-concepts: Success, Failure, Results and Weak Points. After the compilation of this data, the results were used as parameter to establish a new model to be used in deeply interviews done with 25 representatives from the successful clusters previously mentioned and modifying the macro-concepts to: Success, Failure, Competitiveness and Governance. Analyzing the results of this study it was possible to identify 10 elements that were always in evidence, contributing and leading the Clusters success. These elements were present in all the studied arrangements. They are as follows: Creation and Diffusion of Knowledge and Innovation; Cooperation Links among Productive Structure; Education and Research Institutions and the Government; Favorable Infra-structure and Environment; Enterprise Competitiveness; Organized Governance; Cooperation and Confidence; Collective Efficiency; Social Capital; Institutional and Politician Articulation; and Information Systems.

Die vorliegende Dissertation ist dreiteilig: i) deskriptiv, ii) komparatistisch, und iii) theoretisch. Nach einer allgemeinen Diskussion über die Geschichte und Grammatik des Guinea-Bissau Kreol (GBK) und einer Übersicht über die Herangehensweisen an artikellose Nominalphrasen (Bare Noun Phrases; BNPs), bietet die vorliegende Arbeit eine ausführliche Beschreibung der Distribution und Interpretation von BNPs in GBK. Sie können als Argumente und nicht-Argumente erscheinen. Bei Subjekten, indirekten Objekten, bei Topikalisierung, “dislocation” und “clefting” ergeben sie definite Interpretationen. Artikellose direkte Objekte können alle möglichen Interpretationen haben, ausgenommen eine pluralisch-spezifische Lesart. Die Interpretation von BNPs wird von kontextuellen Zusammenhängen als auch von Aspekt und Prädikattyp bestimmt. Perfektive und kontinuativ-imperfektive Kontexte lösen definit-spezifische Lesarten für artikellose Objekte aus. Artikellose Objekte in habituell-imperfektiven Kontexten ergeben eine indefinite, nicht-spezifische Lesart. Artikellose Subjekte von “stage level”-Prädikaten ergeben eine existentiale Interpretation, indeterminierte Subjekte von “individual level”-Prädikaten dagegen leiten definit-generische Lesarten ab. Die vorliegende Arbeit beinhaltet auch einen interlingualen Vergleich zwischen Kreol- und Nicht-Kreolsprachen: i) Cape Verdean Creole, Santome, Papiamentu und Brazilianisches Portugiesisch; und ii) Mandarin Chinesisch, Vietnamesisch und Gbe Sprachen. Die Distribution und Interpretation von BNPs ist sehr homogen. Alle erlauben sowohl singularische als auch pluralische Lesarten für BNPs: BNPs sind bezüglich Numerus unspezifiziert. Das führt uns zur theoretischen Diskussion über Numerus: ausgehend von Depréz’s (2007) Plural Parameter und seinen grundlegenden Annahmen (BNPs sind unspezifiziert für Numerus, und die grundlegende Denotation von Nomen ist Art vom Typ e), wird ein neues Modell sowie eine konsequente Sprachtypologie entwickelt. / The nature of the present dissertation is threefold: i) descriptive, ii) comparative, and iii) theoretical. After a brief general discussion on the history and grammar of Guinea-Bissau Creole, and after an extensive review of various approaches on BNPs, both from the semantic and syntactic perspective, the present work will offer an exhaustive description of the distribution and interpretation of Bare Noun Phrases in GBC. They may be found in both argument and nonargument positions. The general tendency for BNPs in GBC is to yield a definite reading (subjects, recipient objects, in topicalizion, dislocation and clefting). One difference is that bare patient objects may yield any possible interpretation, except from the specific plural. BNPs interpretation is driven by contextual factors as well as by aspect and predicate type. Perfective and continuous imperfective contexts trigger definite specific readings for bare objects. One difference is that bare objects in habitual imperfective contexts yield indefinite nonspecific interpretations. As for predicate types, bare subjects of stage-level predicates yield existential readings, whereas bare subjects of individual-level predicates derive definite generic readings. The present work also undertakes a crosslinguistic comparison between creoles and noncreoles: i) Cape Verdean Creole, Santome, Papiamentu and Brazilian Portuguese; and ii) Mandarin Chinese, Vietnamese and Gbe languages. It turns out that BNPs distribution and interpretation are quite homogeneous. Importantly, BNPs in any of these languages may yield both singular and plural readings: BNPs are thus unspecified as for Number. This leads us to our theoretical discussion on Number: starting from Depréz’s (2007) Plural Parameter and its basic assumptions (e.g. BNPs are unspecified as for Number, and the basic denotation of nouns is kind of type e), a new model, and the consequent linguistic typology, is developed.

The nature of the bilingual mental lexicon and how the L1 and the L2 interact in language production and processing has been the focus of decades of research from linguistic, psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic perspectives. In spite of this significant body of evidence, the degree to which the L1 influences L2 production and processing remains an area of debate, especially with respect to formal features such as grammatical gender. While it is clear that non-nativelike production and processing of L2 grammatical gender persist even in highly-proficient adult bilinguals, the underlying representation of the L1 and L2 gender features and how this representation affects the use of gender in the L2 is currently unclear. Furthermore, there is no evidence at present regarding the nature of the L1-L2 grammatical gender system when the L1 and the L2 have asymmetric gender systems (in other words, differ in number of gender values), as is the case with German, which bears three gender values (masculine, feminine and neuter), and Spanish and French, which each display two gender values (masculine and feminine). This dissertation investigates the representation of and interactions between the L1 and the L2 at the level of the formal gender feature, with a particular focus on language pairings with asymmetric gender systems. Through complementary data from L2 production and processing, I examine the representation of the asymmetric grammatical gender systems in the mental lexicon of L1 Spanish-L2 German and L1 French-L2 German bilinguals and the consequences this asymmetry between the L1 and L2 gender systems has on gender use strategies in the L2. From the perspective of bilingual lexical access, this research contributes new evidence to inform existing psycholinguistic theories of L1-L2 gender interactions and also proposes the Asymmetric gender representation hypothesis, a new model to account for the unique integrated nature of the gender system in bilinguals with L1-L2 asymmetric gender systems. From a language acquisition perspective, the present study provides new data on L2 gender use strategies with asymmetric gender systems, formulating the L1 transfer continuum, which extends existing proposals to include the degree of (a)symmetry between the L1 and the L2. This research also connects theoretical proposals regarding gender agreement in functional-lexical code-switches (specifically, switches within the Determiner Phrase such as dieGER-F mesaSPA-F or elSPA-M TischGER-M) to bilinguals’ preferences in code-switching between two languages that display formal gender. Taken together, all of these complementary perspectives addressed in this dissertation offer a well-rounded perspective of grammatical gender in asymmetric gender systems specifically, and contribute novel evidence regarding the interactions between the L1 and the L2 in the bilingual mental lexicon in general.