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More than 40 million American adults suffer from anxiety, but only a third receive care despite evidence of effective treatment. This is attributed to lack of access to adequate services, cultural-based myths, and prohibitive symptoms associated with anxiety, especially for marginalized populations such as racial minorities. Since spirituality is often used as a coping mechanism especially for racial groups, psychotherapy has slowly begun incorporating it into treatment. While this has the potential to reduce some barriers to care, the increasing number of Americans who are disaffiliating with traditional faiths or belong to minority spiritualities may not use the same coping mechanisms. The current study sought to contribute to the literature by obtaining a better understanding of whether the use of traditional spiritual activities and perceptions of God are different for spiritual majorities and minorities especially in managing anxiety. Using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (n=1525) from the Baylor Religion Study, structural equation models were tested to examine the relationships between anxiety and religious beliefs related to attachment to God as well as between anxiety and spiritual activities that encompass both social, organizational and private, subjective religiosity. Minority stress and attachment theories guided hypotheses that higher levels of anxiety would be associated with status as a spiritual minority but would be positively mediated by participation in spiritual activities such as worship services, prayer and scripture reading as well as mediated by more secure attachment to God. Results indicated that unlike spiritual majorities, spiritual minorities show lower anxiety levels compared with spiritual majorities unless using traditional forms of spiritual activities. Rather than positive or negative perceptions of the relationship with God, inconsistent perceptions were associated with higher levels of anxiety for all participants. Spiritual minorities had lower levels of both positive and negative perceptions of God's persona as well as lower levels of positive perceptions of the relationship with God, none of which correlated to anxiety. The results may indicate that spiritual minorities use other activities to successfully cope with anxiety and that they have greater anxiety when trying to conform to the dominant culture. This has important implications for practice given that many therapists lack training on how to incorporate spirituality into treatment. Distinctions between perceptions of the relationship with God and of God's persona indicate the need for further study of how more nuanced spiritual beliefs influence anxiety outcomes for a diverse range of spiritual practice and of the process by which individuals intentionally use spiritual tools to cope with anxiety. / Ph. D. / More than 40 million American adults suffer from the debilitating impact of anxiety through persistent worrying, obsessive thoughts, fear of social situations, compulsions, and paranoia. Only a third receive care despite effective treatment options because of such disruptive symptoms in addition to a lack of insurance, racial disparities, cultural myths, and concerns that their beliefs will not be valued. This limits access to care especially for those who need it the most, including racial minority groups. Since many Americans use spirituality as a coping mechanism to combat anxiety, psychotherapy has begun incorporating aspects of it. While this could reduce some barriers to care, it is not known whether the increasing number of Americans who are disaffiliating with traditional faiths or belong to minority spiritualities use these same aspects to cope. This study sought to understand whether the use of traditional spiritual activities and perceptions of God are different for spiritual majorities and minorities especially in managing anxiety. Using a nationally representative sample of 1,525 U.S. adults from the Baylor Religion Study, the study examined the relationship between anxiety and spiritual activities such as frequency of attendance at worship services and private prayer and scripture reading. The study also examined how attachment to God through perceptions of the relationship with God and of God’s persona might be associated with spiritual minorities and their anxiety levels. Results show that unlike spiritual majorities, spiritual minorities have less anxiety unless using traditional forms of spiritual activities. This could indicate that they use other activities to successfully cope with anxiety and that they have greater anxiety when trying to conform to the dominant culture. Rather than positive or negative perceptions of the relationship with God, inconsistent perceptions were related to higher levels of anxiety for all participants. Spiritual minorities were more moderate in their attachment to God, with less positive and negative perceptions of God’s persona and less positive perceptions of their relationship with God. However, none of spiritual minorities’ perceptions did not have a significant relationship with their anxiety levels. The study’s results show a need to explore further how a more diverse range of spiritual beliefs influence anxiety and the process by which people intentionally use spiritual tools to cope with their anxiety. Guidance for how therapists can increase their spiritual competence is discussed.

Scholarship has tended to focus exclusively on connections of Qawwali, a north Indian devotional practice and musical genre, to religious practice. A focus on the religious degree of the occasion inadequately represents the participant’s active experience and has hindered the discussion of Qawwali in modern practice. Through the examples of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan’s music and an insightful BBC radio article on gender inequality this thesis explores the fluid musical exchanges of information with other styles of Qawwali performances, and the unchanging nature of an oral tradition that maintains sociopolitical hierarchies and gender relations in Sufi shrine culture. Perceptions of history within shrine culture blend together with social and theological developments, long-standing interactions with society outside of the shrine environment, and an exclusion of the female body in rituals. To better address Qawwali performances and their meanings, I foreground the perspectives of shrine social actors and how their thoughts reflect their community, its music, and gendered spaces. / text

Depuis les premières publications d’époque coloniale, qui s’attachaient surtout à en démontrer le caractère folklorique et endémique, le culte des saints au Maghreb a fait l’objet de nombreuses études portant tant sur son origine que sur son évolution diachronique. La première phase de son développement qui va du XIIe au XVe siècle est bien connue. Toutefois, cette dévotion s’attache avant tout aux tombes des figures révérées qui n’ont fait l’objet d’aucune étude portant spécifiquement sur leur matérialité. Cette recherche se propose donc de restituer les étapes de construction de pôles de dévotion autour de ces sépultures saintes dont le paroxysme est atteint au XIVe siècle. Elle s’inscrit dans unedémarche d’archéologie du disparu, et s’attache donc à l’analyse des sources écrites pour tenter d’approcher une réalité physique inaccessible autrement.La première approche est formelle. Il s’agit de comprendre quels sont les aménagements opérés sur les tombes de saints et pour quels usages, dans une démarche chronologique. La formation des sanctuaires est ensuite envisagée dans son contexte social, avant de considérer la façon dont ces tombes s’inscrivent dans un espace donné, et participent même d’une écriture symbolique du territoire de la ville.La mise en place de ces pôles de dévotions funéraires n’est cependant pas un phénomène isolé, puisqu’il peut être constaté à l’échelle du dār al-islām. Le Maghreb s’inscrit donc pleinement dans l’histoire de l’architecture religieuse médiévale du monde musulman. / Since the fi rst publications dated from colonial times, which mostly sought to show its folk and endemic character,the cult of saints in North Africa has been the subject of numerous studies both dealing with its origins as itsdiachronic evolution. The fi rst stage of development that goes from the twelfth to the fi fteenth century is well known.However, this worship is committed to the graves of revered fi gures and there have been no studies specifi cally focusingon their materiality. This research then intends to reconstruct the building stages of real poles of devotion around theholy tombs whose climax is reached during the fourteenth century. This approach is in line with archaeology of the lost,and therefore focuses on the analysis of written sources in order to approach a physical reality, otherwise unattainable.The fi rst step is formal. The point is to understand what is erected over the tombs of the saints and for whatpurposes, in a chronological way. The constitution of shrines is subsequently considered in its social context, beforeanalysing how these burials inscribe themselves in a given space, and even participate in a symbolic writing of the city’sterritory.The set up of these funerary poles of devotion is not an isolated phenomenon, since it can be seen across the dāral-Islām. The Maghreb is therefore fully inscribed in the history of medieval religious architecture of the Muslim world.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:21:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCISCO DE ASSIS CRUZ DA SILVA.pdf: 3048262 bytes, checksum: aec2d3cba84f340ecbed2c921217bf44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-20 / This dissertation aims to identify, describe and understand the current invisibility of the Feast of the Holy Spirit in the city of Araguaína-TO. That district, the demonstration in honor of the Divine experienced its heyday in the late 1960s and early 1970s, just when the region experienced a major outbreak of economic and political development, attracting thousands of devotees. Around the second half of the 1980s, however, diminished the enthusiasm and popular participation in the party, as well as the rituals and the support from the Catholic Church and the State. Our research is supported by both the literature works and publications of writers, academic institutions and articles available in electronic media, as in exploratory research with interviews with participants devotees of the Party from the 1970s to the present day. Our filing is justified in understanding how communities, especially rural ones, which have a very strong connection with religion, interact to form your cultural leather, encompassing the preservation of assumptions and heritage for future generations of social elements trainers and anthropological identity of a population. Even that may occur a transformation movement of the presence of the faithful in the celebration of the Divine Party in Araguaina-TO, especially in recent decades, yet this celebration is worthy of study so that they can understand the aspects that come motivating your loss faithful. The study results provide a glimpse that the importance of the Feast of the Holy Spirit in Araguaína-TO is the renewal of the identity of the Tocantins people, social interaction of the population, in reaffirming their cultural assumptions. In this sense, the interviews glimpse, and a nostalgia of decades past, when the Divine festival that territory was an event of great proportions, also a resumption of self-esteem and appreciation, when religious celebration had echo in the other Brazilian regions, raising the social importance of Tocantins people. / A presente dissertação objetiva identificar, descrever e compreender a invisibilidade atual da Festa do Divino Espírito Santo na cidade de Araguaína-TO. Nesse município, a manifestação em honra ao Divino conheceu seu apogeu em fins da década de 1960 e início da década de 1970, justamente quando a região passou por um importante surto de desenvolvimento econômico e político, atraindo milhares de devotos. Por volta da segunda metade dos anos de 1980, no entanto, diminuíram o entusiasmo e a participação popular na festa, assim como os rituais e o apoio da Igreja Católica e do Estado. Nossa investigação apoia-se tanto na pesquisa bibliográfica de obras e publicações de escritores, instituições acadêmicas e artigos disponibilizados em meio eletrônico, quanto na pesquisa exploratória, com entrevistas realizadas com devotos participantes da Festa desde os anos de 1970 até os dias atuais. Nossa propositura justifica-se no entendimento de como as comunidades, principalmente as rurais, que possuem uma ligação bastante forte com a religião, interagem entre si para formar o seu cabedal cultural, que engloba os pressupostos de preservação e herança para gerações futuras dos elementos sociais e antropológicos formadores da identidade de uma população. Mesmo que venha ocorrendo um movimento de transformação da presença dos fiéis nas comemorações da Festa do Divino em Araguaína-TO, principalmente nas últimas décadas, ainda assim tal comemoração é digna de estudo para que se possam compreender os aspectos que vêm motivando a sua perda de fiéis. Os resultados do estudo permitem vislumbrar que a importância da Festa do Divino Espírito Santo em Araguaína-TO está na renovação da identidade do povo tocantinense, na interação social da população, na reafirmação dos seus pressupostos culturais. Nesse sentido, os discursos dos entrevistados deixam entrever, além de uma nostalgia de décadas passadas, de quando a Festa do Divino nesse território era um acontecimento de grandes proporções, também uma retomada da autoestima e da valorização, quando a comemoração religiosa possuía eco nas demais regiões brasileiras, elevando a importância social do povo tocantinense.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:48:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Celia Vieira de Souza Rocha.pdf: 1593845 bytes, checksum: f60c0e9e11955db7d1da49b66309b4d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-15 / The objective of this study was to understand the genre of relations, through maternity, that they had been being structuralized, in elapsing of the tradition of the Jewish-Christian culture, inside of the official and popular Catholicism. We adopt, as component of analysis, the devotion of our lady of help Perpetual, gift in the prayers carried through in the Mother church of Campinas, in Goiânia. This religiosity is presented in so dynamic way that, weekly, fifteen prayers are celebrated, always on Tuesday. Hourly, the rotation of fiduciary offices and teams of liturgy happens, for the celebration of a new ritual, always followed for thousand of people. This research made possible an understanding of that the fiduciary offices that adhere to this genre of rite do it for cultivating in itself a great load of real fear and imaginary privations, in its existence human being. The relation established in this devotion occurs due the fact to see in Mary the face of mother of the perennial aid, in its shortage. For this reason, we choose the way of the analysis of the genre of relations, a time that the fiduciary offices resemble the faith in the maternity of Mary, to the ideal mother of human being. Men and women assure, without questionings, that the maternity must be a service of devotement the God and in this social construct idealized by the andocentric tradition, the women are inflicted to the submission and the social exploration. To reach, four pillars had supplied the basement of theoretical sustentation: maternity, genre, religion and devotion catholic to the mother of the help Perpetul. Authors as Durkheim, Bourdieu, Berger, Parker, Scoth, Daluran, Gebara, amongst others, they had been of essential relevance for the perception of the raised conjecture. / Este trabalho visa compreender as relações de gênero, via maternidade, que foram sendo estruturadas, no decorrer da tradição da cultura judaico-cristã, dentro do catolicismo oficial e popular. Adotamos, como componente de análise, a devoção a Nossa Senhora do Perpétuo Socorro, presente na novena realizada na Matriz de Campinas, na cidade de Goiânia. Essa religiosidade apresenta-se de modo tão dinâmico que, semanalmente, são celebradas quinze novenas, sempre no dia de terça-feira. De hora em hora, acontece o revezamento de fiéis e equipes de liturgia, para a celebração de um novo ritual, sempre seguido de perto por milhares de pessoas. Essa pesquisa possibilitou uma compreensão de que os fiéis que aderem a esse tipo de rito fazem-no por cultivarem em si uma grande carga de medo/privações reais e imaginárias, em sua existência humana. A relação estabelecida nessa devoção dá-se pelo fato de verem em Maria o rosto da mãe do perene socorro, em suas indigências. Por esse motivo, escolhemos o caminho da análise das relações de gênero, uma vez que os fiéis assemelham a fé na maternidade de Maria, ao ideal de mãe humana. Homens e mulheres asseguram, sem questionamentos, que a maternidade deve ser um serviço de devotamento a Deus e nesse construto social idealizado pela tradição androcêntrica, as mulheres são infligidas à submissão e à exploração social. Para atingir a abrangência, quatro pilares forneceram o embasamento de sustentação teórica: maternidade, gênero, religião e a devoção católica à mãe do Perpétuo Socorro. Autores (as) como Durkheim, Bourdieu, Berger, Parker, Scoth, Daluran, Gebara, dentre outros (as), foram de essencial relevância para a percepção da conjectura levantada.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:49:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Crisolito de Sousa Lopes.pdf: 1806526 bytes, checksum: 1b080830e8736d8ac6c3c7d1c755b5ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-17 / The popular Catholicism is considered a non-oficial way of religiosity. It is impregnated of strong elements for the official Catholicism. Among the great many ways of manifestation of the popular catholicism we recognize the pilgrimage. By studying the pilgrimage to the Senhor do Bonfim city is to comprehense a bit how manifest the popular Catholicism itself. By this pilgrimage we also want to study the relations of power existent among the agents that offer and handle the religiosity putting a question among the public and the private on the religion. A detail that makes the study of this pilgrimage different is the fact the saint at issue has a particular owner increasing the conflicts with the church. By the comprehension of this religions phenomenon we will use further as reading keys, the process of secularization of the society and the holy, the relation between religion and sacrifice plenty in question on the pilgrimages, a knowledge through the analytic categories of Weber and Durkheim and the knowledge of the pilgrimage as element of the memory and the imaginary. / O catolicismo popular é considerado uma forma não-oficial de religiosidade. Está impregnado de elementos estranhos ao catolicismo oficial. Entre as muitas formas de manifestações do catolicismo popular encontramos a romaria. Estudar a romaria ao Senhor do Bonfim é entender um pouco como se manifesta o catolicismo popular. Nessa romaria, estudaremos, também, as relações de poder existentes entre os agentes que ofertam e manuseiam a religiosidade, levantando a questão entre o público e o privado na religião. Um detalhe que torna o estudo dessa romaria diferente é o fato de o santo em questão ter um dono particular, seu Natalino, morador local, aumentando os conflitos com a Igreja. Na compreensão desse fenômeno religioso usaremos como chaves de leitura o processo de secularização da sociedade e do sagrado, a relação entre religião e sacrifício muito presente nas romarias, uma leitura das categorias analíticas de Weber e Durkheim e a leitura da romaria como elemento da memória e do imaginário.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:42:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Denise Pereira.pdf: 10060914 bytes, checksum: 4da4a7286e11463534aa91a417161db8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-09 / The survey takes into account the importance of the most important popular religious party in the city of Ponta Grossa - PR, Feast of Sant’Ana. This party, which permeated the whole local society and was celebrated from the first half nineteenth century, is considered the largest religious celebration in the region. We work with the period appointed as Romanized, between 1930-1965. This period was marked by some changes in forms of so-called traditional Catholicism of Portuguese heritage, which has gradually been replaced by Roman Catholicism. From this agreement, we outlined the object of this research, which is linked to the relations between Church and society. We questioned about the scenario that the party led by means of power struggles in the management of the bishop, whose goal was to control, dominate and stop the profane practices and instill a Roman Catholicism in the city, since it was a national project. We established a significant importance of the Feast of Sant’Ana to the city of Ponta Grossa. We sought to reconstruct the memory of the community in regard to religion, sociability and fun. We understood that the party was a provileged space / time for the population religiosity, sociability and fun. We identified the continuities and the changes occurring between devotion and fun, due to romanization, ie to the changes. We investigated what were the main causes that led the general decline of the party. As a result of research we realized that, before any of them to leave the religious sphere consecrated by Roman Catholicism, the Church would claim the competence to accept them, tolerate them or abolish them. And through the sources analyzed, pastoral letters, newspapers, pamphlets, Book Tombo, and eleven interviewees, we understand that this process is mobile and the paths intersect at almost every moment of this manifestation of popular Ponta Grossa, the Feast of Sant 'Anna, patron saint. For a better understanding of the directions proposed, the research was oriented particularly by the studies of Bourdieu, Elias, Chartier, Certeau, among others. It also had, methodologically, as a system of work, the work of Content Analysis of Laurence Bardin. / A pesquisa leva em consideração a importância da festa religiosa mais popular na cidade de Ponta Grossa – PR, a Festa de Sant‘Ana. Essa festa, que permeava toda a sociedade local e era comemorada desde a primeira metade do século XIX, é considerada a maior celebração religiosa da região. Trabalhamos com o período apontado romanizador, entre 1930-1965. Esse período foi marcado por algumas formas de mudanças no chamado catolicismo tradicional, de herança portuguesa, que aos poucos foi substituído pelo catolicismo romanizado. Desse entendimento, delineamos o objeto de estudo desta pesquisa, que se vincula às relações estabelecidas entre Igreja e sociedade. Questionamos sobre o cenário que a festa provocou, por meio de disputas de poder na gestão do bispo, cuja meta era controlar, dominar e deter as práticas profanas e incutir na cidade um catolicismo romanizado, visto que era um projeto nacional. Estabelecemos a significativa importância da Festa de Sant’Ana, para a cidade de Ponta Grossa. Buscamos reconstruir a memória da comunidade no que se refere à religiosidade, sociabilidade e diversão. Compreendemos se a festa foi um espaço/tempo privilegiado para a população ponta-grossense realizar a religiosidade, a sociabilidade e a diversão. Identificamos as permanências e as transformações ocorridas entre a devoção e diversão, devido à romanização, ou seja, às mudanças. Investigamos quais foram às principais causas, que levaram ao grande declínio da festa. Como resultado de pesquisa, percebemos que, diante de quaisquer manifestações religiosas que saíssem da esfera consagrada pelo catolicismo romanizado, a Igreja reivindicaria a competência de aceitá-las, tolerá-las ou aboli-las. E, através das fontes analisadas, cartas pastorais, jornais, panfletos, Livro Tombo, e onze entrevistados, compreendemos que, este processo, é móvel e os caminhos se cruzam em quase todos os momentos dessa manifestação popular de Ponta Grossa, a Festa de Sant’Ana, padroeira da cidade. Para melhor compreensão dos direcionamentos propostos, a pesquisa foi orientada principalmente pelos estudos de Bourdieu, Elias, Chartier, Certeau, entre outros. Metodologicamente teve como sistemática de trabalho a obra Análise de Conteúdo de Laurence Bardin.