Several different laser remote sensing techniques related to the detection of trace chemical species were studied. In particular, a Differential-Absorption lidar (DIAL), a Laser-Induced-Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) lidar, and a Raman lidar were studied. Several of the laser spectroscopic techniques that were used were common throughout these different studies. More precisely, 10.6 μm CO2 laser related spectroscopy was common for the DIAL and LIBS studies, and 266 nm Nd:YAG laser related spectroscopy was used for the LIBS and Raman studies. In the first system studied a tunable CO2 DIAL system was developed for the first time to our knowledge for the potential detection of the explosive Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) gas clouds. The system has been used to measure gas samples of SF6, and has shown initial absorption measurements of samples of TATP contained within an enclosed optical absorption cell. DIAL/Lidar returns from a remote retroreflector target array were used for the DIAL measurements after passage through a laboratory cell containing the TATP gas. DIAL measured concentrations agreed well with those obtained using a calibrated Ion Mobility Spectrometer. DIAL detection sensitivity of the TATP gas concentration in the cell was about 0.5 ng/μl for a 0.3 m path-length. However, the concentration of TATP was found to be unstable over long periods of time possibly due to re-absorption and crystallization of the TATP vapors on the absorption cell windows. A heated cell partially mitigated these effects. In the second set of studies, a Deep UV LIBS system was developed and studied for the remote detection of solid targets, and potentially chemical, biological, and explosive substances. A 4th harmonic Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser operating at 266 nm was used for excitation of the LIBS plasma at standoff ranges up to 50 m . The LIBS plasma emission covering the range of 240 – 800 nm was enhanced by use of a nearly simultaneous 10.6 μm CO2 laser that increased the LIBS plasma emission by several orders of magnitude. The emission spectrum was used to detect and identify the species of interest. Plasma temperatures on various solid substrates were measured. An increase in the plasma temperature of about 5000 K was measured and analyzed, for the first to our knowledge, due to the addition of the CO2 laser pulse to the LIBS plasma generated by the Nd:YAG laser. An optimum temporal overlap of the two laser pulses was found to be important for the enhancement. Finally, in a third related lidar system, initial 266 nm Raman lidar studies were conducted at detection ranges of 15 m. However, significant spectroscopic background interferences were observed at these wavelengths and additional optical filtering is required.

Traditional public transport systems are most often insufficient to provide a good transport service to everyone. Especially, it is not always possible for elderly and disabled persons to use the regular system consisting of timetabled services operating along fixed routes. Normally there is some specific service, often called paratransit, offered to these groups of customers. Such transport services provide better service to these customers, but to a higher cost. This thesis considers planning and evaluation of public transport services that are based on the concept of a dial-a-ride service. This kind of service is suitable for elderly and disabled and often operated as a door-to-door service, where customers are served on demand and rides are coordinated via a call-center. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, a modeling system for simulation of dial-a-ride services is presented. It can be used as a tool to study how different ways of operating a dial-a-ride service, affect the performance and efficiency of the service. This system is used to evaluate how algorithmic changes, based on ruin-and-recreate methods, can improve the replanning of already inserted requests, and thereby improve the scheduling. The modeling system is also used to examine the effects of using zone-based distance estimates instead of true, address-based, distances when computing the schedules. The results show that only small differences are found.The second part of the thesis concerns an extension to dial-a-ride services. By combining a dial-a-ride service with a fixed route service, an integrated dial-a-ride service is created, where some part of each journey may be carried out by the fixed route service. An exact mathematical formulation of this problem is presented and it is shown that the formulation is strengthened by valid inequalities, variable substitution and subtour elimination constraints. Simulations of an integrated service are also performed to analyze and evaluate how the attractiveness and operating costs of the service depend on how the demand responsive service is operated.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-76). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 180-186).

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-01-15T22:09:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RenathoAndriollaDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 971142 bytes, checksum: d5d7f711770785d36266f26086398663 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-18T13:06:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RenathoAndriollaDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 971142 bytes, checksum: d5d7f711770785d36266f26086398663 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-18T13:06:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenathoAndriollaDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 971142 bytes, checksum: d5d7f711770785d36266f26086398663 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-23 / Pretendemos, neste trabalho, abordar o conceito de pr?xis em Marx. Este conceito corresponde ao cerne principal na teoria marxiana, pois ? a partir dele e com ele que surgem tanto uma teoria capaz de capturar o mundo humano em seu movimento real quanto direcionamentos para a??o imediatamente pr?tica em prol da transforma??o do mundo. Nossa inten??o ? compreender os principais fatores metodol?gicos contidos no materialismo-hist?rico-dial?tico. Isso nos permitir? pensar tempos hist?ricos espec?ficos, notadamente, a Gr?cia cl?ssica e o renascimento, assim poderemos iniciar nossa compreens?o sobre qual era a consci?ncia da pr?xis que pairava no pensamento de cada uma dessas ?pocas, e mais, com a aplica??o do m?todo marxiano poderemos notar as justificativas materiais-hist?rico-dial?ticas que fundamentam uma tal vis?o da pr?xis. Rastrear a consci?ncia hist?rica da pr?xis nos levar? necessariamente a Marx, que por viver em um tempo em que a transforma??o material do mundo permitia-lhe enxergar claramente de onde vinham as determina??es que moldavam a sociedade, p?de romper com a consci?ncia da pr?xis que lhe precedia. E n?o s? isso, tamb?m conseguiu indicar o caminho da revolu??o necess?ria para a transforma??o do mundo contida na pr?xis social revolucion?ria, caminho este que podemos utilizar at? hoje. / In this work, we intend to approach the concept of praxis in Marx, this concept corresponds to the main core in Marxian theory, because it is from him and with him that arise a theory that captures the human world in its real movement as well as directions for action immediately practical for the transformation of the world. Our intention is to understand the main methodological factors contained in materialism-historical-dialectic, this will allow us to think specific historical times, notably, classical Greece and Renaissance, so we can understand what was the consciousness of the praxis that hovered in the thought of each of these Epochs. In addition, with the application of the Marxian method we can note the material-historical-dialectical justifications that underlie such a view of praxis. Tracing the historical consciousness of praxis will necessarily lead us to Marx, who, living in the moment when the material transformation of the world allowed him to see clearly the determinations that shaped society, managed to break with the consciousness of the praxis that preceded him. Moreover, not only this, too has been able to indicate the path of revolution for the transformation of the world contained in revolutionary social praxis, a path we can use today.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-04T19:51:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WillameSantosDeSales_DISSERT.pdf: 951686 bytes, checksum: 4a35e82a47df64cc82c0f39b009e8475 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-11T21:58:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 WillameSantosDeSales_DISSERT.pdf: 951686 bytes, checksum: 4a35e82a47df64cc82c0f39b009e8475 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-11T21:58:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WillameSantosDeSales_DISSERT.pdf: 951686 bytes, checksum: 4a35e82a47df64cc82c0f39b009e8475 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-28 / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar o processo de constru??o estil?stica na prosa romanesca do escritor norte-rio-grandense Jos? Bezerra Gomes, tomando, como corpus, o romance A porta e o vento. Os fundamentos te?ricos sobre os quais se assenta esta empresa est?o relacionados ?s ideias difundidas pelo chamado C?rculo de Bakhtin, especialmente, as no??es de linguagem dial?gica, palavra liter?ria, enunciado concreto, vozes sociais e estilo/estil?stica sociol?gica. Quanto ? orienta??o metodol?gica, o trabalho caracteriza-se por adotar o paradigma interpretativista de base s?cio-hist?rica, situando-se, ainda, no grande campo da Lingu?stica Aplicada, ?rea de investiga??o indisciplinar e fronteiri?a cujo foco primordial ? a linguagem concretamente situada. A an?lise dos discursos presentes na obra A porta e o vento possibilitou-me escutar diversas vozes sociais ali encarnadas, enxergar diversas formas de di?logo, in?meras vis?es de mundo em embate constante que, em raz?o do gerenciamento e do acabamento dados pelo autor, acabam por conferir-lhe um tom, um estilo peculiar frente aos demais discursos e estilos circulantes em seu meio. Os embates ideol?gicos s?o evidentes: voz da tradi??o versus voz particular do personagem Santos, no que respeita ? institui??o do casamento; confronto entre imagens de sert?o antag?nicas ? um sert?o vivo (rico e diverso) em contraposi??o ? no??o estereotipada de sert?o (pobre e est?ril); e A porta e o vento como met?fora de uma arena de combate e ind?cio de uma poetiza??o da linguagem da prosa. A caracter?stica principal do estilo bezerriano, em A porta e o vento, est? relacionada aos modos de dialogiza??o das aludidas vozes presentes no romance. Nesse sentido, tem-se, com frequ?ncia, o uso de pol?micas veladas, r?plicas dial?gicas e di?logos velados, que s?o categorias j? discutidas na teoria bakhtiniana, mas tamb?m outros modos de dialogiza??o novos, alicer?ados na din?mica da linguagem viva e concreta / This research aims to investigate the process of stylistic construction in novelistic prose of Northeastern Brazilian writter Jos? Bezerra Gomes, taking as a corpus his novel called A porta e o vento. The theoretical foundations supporting this study are related to the ideas disseminated by a group of linguistic researchers known as Bakhtin Circle, especially the notions of dialogic language, literary word, concrete utterance, social voices, and sociological style/stylistic. Concerning to methodological guidance, this work is characterized by adopting the interpretive paradigm of socio-historical background, still situated in the great field of Applied Linguistics, an undisciplinary area of research and frontier whose primary focus is concrete and situated language. The analysis allowed me to hear several social voices embodied therein, realizing a variety of dialogs, numerous worldviews in constant struggle, that due to the management and the finish given by the author, eventually create a tone, a unique composition compared to other discourses and current styles in his midst. Ideological clashes are evident: the voice of tradition versus particular character Santos? voice regarding the institution of marriage; confrontation between antagonistic hinterland pictures - a living hinterland (rich and diverse) as opposed to the stereotypical notion of hinterland (poor and sterile); and the door and the wind as a metaphor of a fighting arena and a hint of poeticization of the language of prose. The main feature of Bezerra?s style in A porta e o vento is related to the aforesaid modes dialogization voices present in the novel. Therefore, one can found veiled polemic, dialogical replicas and veiled dialogues, which are categories already discussed in Bakhtin's theory, but also other new modes dialogization, grounded in the dynamics of living and concrete language

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:07:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaMF_DISSERT.pdf: 1297363 bytes, checksum: 9a7e7336bac41910321b6df4d2db1041 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-03 / O objetivo deste trabalho ? investigar a constru??o axiol?gica do riso na charge. Nesse g?nero discursivo abordaremos a constru??o do riso, partindo da hip?tese de que o riso constitutivo das rela??es dial?gicas na charge ? constru?do axiologicamente, ou seja, ? um riso que presentifica enunciativamente e ? por meio dele que chegamos ao axiol?gico, aos posicionamentos, ao ideol?gico. Para tanto, nos deteremos na investiga??o dos elementos verbo-visuais presentes na forma composicional como tamb?m do projeto de dizer constituidor/constituinte da forma arquitet?nica. Tomamos como fundamento te?rico-metodol?gico as formula??es sobre linguagem advindas do C?rculo de Bakhtin (2010, 2011, 1998) e outros tais como Faraco (2009), Brait (2009, 2006), Ponzio (2009) que comungam dessa concep??o de linguagem. Especificamente sobre o g?nero discursivo charge, nos reportamos a Ramos (2009, 2010, 2011) e Vergueiro (2009, 2010). Quanto ao riso, apoiamo-nos em autores como Possenti (2010), Minois (2003), Propp (1992), Bergson (2001), Skinner (2002), no entanto, tendo por principal refer?ncia a obra de Bakhtin sobre cosmovis?o carnavalesca e riso (1997, 2010). Este trabalho se insere na ?rea da Lingu?stica Aplicada de perspectiva s?cio-hist?rica e tem como tema linguagem, axiologia e riso

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:12:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucasMO_DISEERT.pdf: 685838 bytes, checksum: ea186e065f1c9c540dfa0f0e776fcf8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This study presents a study on Plato's Phaedrus , with the purpose of discussing the possibility of interpreting this dialogue as a discussion on the greek notion of paideia.. We believe to find evidence to support this claim both in the cultural background of the dialogue and in its text. As background evidence, we point to the fact that Rhetoric had become the major disciplined studied in Athens in Plato's time, largely because democratic instituitions favored its practice. As text evidence, we point out that the story of the Phaedrus can be read as the story of how Socrates leads Phaedrus's soul toward philosophy. Therefore, we believe that Plato's main goal with this dialogue is to discuss Rhetoric and present the philosophical perspective on the possibility of an art of speechmaking. In order to achieve this, Plato presents an analyses of current Rhetoric, explains his conception of dialectic, and debate the relation between extemporaneous and written speech. We believe that all those elements serve the larger purpose of providing the background to discuss the cultural education of the Athenians / Essa disserta??o descreve um estudo realizado sobre o di?logo Fedro de Plat?o, com o objetivo de apresentar uma interpreta??o do mesmo a partir da hip?tese de que esse di?logo pode ser lido como uma reflex?o sobre a quest?o da paid?ia. Encontramos ind?cios para justificar essa leitura tanto no contexto cultural da ?poca do di?logo como na pr?pria narrativa do texto. Em rela??o ao contexto cultural, observamos que a ret?rica se tornara a principal disciplina na forma??o dos atenienses, em grande parte por causa das institui??es democr?ticas que favoreciam esse tipo de pr?tica. Em rela??o ? narrativa, observamos que essa ?, em larga medida, a hist?ria de como S?crates guia a alma deFedro para a filosofia. Desse modo, consideramos que o objetivo central de Plat?o ? problematizar essa disciplina e apresentar a perspectiva filos?fica sobre a possibilidade de uma arte dos discursos. Para isso, Plat?o faz uma an?lise da ret?rica, uma apresenta??o da dial?tica e discute a rela??o entre oralidade e escrita. Consideramos que todos esses elementos ganham sentido na medida em que servem para pensar a forma??o cultural dos atenienses

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:12:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucasMO_TESE.pdf: 2343916 bytes, checksum: b59b0084345327406f3b90835251375d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / O objetivo dessa tese ? estudar a rela??o entre l?gos e no?s no di?logo Fedro de Plat?o. Consideramos que a tens?o entre essas duas no??es serve de fio condutor para organizar uma s?rie de quest?es levantadas ao longo do di?logo. Em particular, consideramos que um dos objetivos de plat?o ao escrever o Fedro ? retirar a discuss?o do l?gos do contexto especializado da ret?rica e inser?-lo em uma discuss?o mais ampla a partir de uma discuss?o ontol?gica. Nesse sentido, consideramos que Plat?o est? simultaneamente dialogando com a obra de dois oradores importantes: G?rgias e Is?crates. Plat?o segue o primeiro em estabelecer uma rela??o entre l?gos e ?ros,mas o abandona ao mostrar que er?s, enquanto uma dynamis capaz de mover a alma humana, n?o serve necessariamente para provocar o engano,mas pode levar ? alma em dire??o ao seu melhor. Em seguida, argumentos que essa dire??o desej?vel para alma seria justamente a no??o de no?s enquanto ato de percep??o do intelig?vel. Dito isso, passamos a discutir os princ?pios ontol?gicos expostos no di?logo, mostrando que o segundo dicurso de S?crates mostra haver uma rela??o de semelhan?a entre o sens?nvel e o intelig?vel.Essa rela??o leva plat?o a apresentar uma nova interpreta??o de eik?s, compreendido agora como uma ponte entre a d?xa e a aleth?ia,o que consideramos ser um ataque direto ? doutrina de Is?crates de que a d?xa seria suficiente para a persuas?. Nesse sentido, Plat?o abrevia o abismo entre d?xa e aleth?ia, mas mant?m a prioridade ontol?gica do no?s, afirmando que ? por meio da epist?me que podemos conhecer o que ? semelhante a verdade. Nesse sentido, a dial?tica surge como a t?chne filos?fica por excel?ncia,na medida em que ? descrita como capacidade em utilizar o l?gos em busca da experi?ncia de no?s.Por fim, afirmamos ainda que, seguindo essa linha de racioc?nio, Plat?o prop?e o desenvolvimento de uma nova ret?rica que, para ser uma aut?ntica t?chne, deveria se converter em uma disciplina filos?fica, cujos fundamentos seriam descobertos por meio da dial?tica

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:12:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OscarCAB_DISSERT.pdf: 691245 bytes, checksum: 2353e9cc84263cad654b8e48a5d4a596 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The present thesis intends to analize the relationship between Hegelian System and philosophical Skepticism. It focuses Hegel?s interpreteation of Schulzean and Pyrronian Skepticism, as well as his attempt to refute both of them. The main Idea is that Agrippa?s Tropes assume a capital role in the process of justification of the Hegelian Science / A presente disserta??o pretende mostrar que a rela??o existente entre o sistema de Hegel e o ceticismo antigo est? longe de se resumir a uma dimens?o meramente interpretativa. Diferente disso, vamos mostrar que h? na filosofia hegeliana uma estrat?gia de refuta??o do ceticismo e que, em fun??o disso, esta modalidade c?tica assume uma fun??o capital no processo de fundamenta??o do idealismo absoluto de Hegel