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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / November 04-07, 1991 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / On the disscussion of custom real-time counting-measuring method, this paper presents a new method suitable for the working condition of non-man duty, which possesses the feature of 100ns counting-measuring accuracy and high fidelity. In addition, the concept of “Signal-time/digit converter” is proposed for the first time and the principle and working procedure of this method are introduced in brief.

It is the purpose of this study to determine if ego-involvement influences the performance of an individual in a learning situation.

Resumo: Nesta pesquisa foram investigados aspectos anatômicos e biométricos da face flexora dos dígitos de 20 novilhas mestiças da raça Nelore, com idades entre 24 e 36 meses, criadas em sistema extensivo. O material foi proveniente de matadouro sob Fiscalização do Serviço de Inspeção Oficial e mantido sob congelamento a -18°C até o momento da dissecação. Após tricotomia e limpeza das regiões distais ao metacarpo e metatarso, as faces palmar e plantar dos dígitos foram dissecadas in natura e as estruturas anatômicas identificadas e medidas com auxílio de paquímetro universal. As mensurações foram feitas em milímetros (mm) e incluíram o comprimento, a largura e a espessura das estruturas anatômicas digitais. A técnica de dissecação in natura foi considerada útil para a execução deste estudo e as estruturas identificadas e mensuradas incluíram os ligamentos acessórios distais dos paradígitos, ligamentos anulares palmares e plantares, bainha digital tendínea, ligamentos anulares proximais e distais, ligamentos interdigitais distais, tendões flexores digitais superficiais e profundos e a manica flexoria. Os dados biométricos obtidos indicam diferenças (p≤0,05) entre membros, antímeros e dígitos, especialmente nas estruturas anatômicas localizadas distalmente. Devido à escassez de estudos biométricos sobre o assunto, os achados deste trabalho podem servir como valores de referência para a faixa etária de novilhas avaliadas e contribuir em pesquisas morfológicas futuras / Abstract: In the present work anatomic and biometric studies of the distal aspect in the flexor aspect of digits were carried out for 20 cross-breed heifer of Nelore breed aging around 24-36 months raised in an extensive regiment. The materials came from shamble under the Official Fiscalization of Inspect Service and were kept under freezing at -18°C until dissection. After the clipper and cleaning the distal areas, from metacarpus to metatarsus, the structures were dissected and measured by using a universal caliper rule (mm) on length (proximal-distal), widht (abaxial-axial) and thickness (dorso-palmar or dorso-plantar). The dissected structures included the paradigits distal accessories ligaments, palmar and plantar annular ligaments and tendon digital sheath, proximal and distal annular ligaments, interdigital distal ligament, superficial digital flexor tendon and deep digital flexor tendon and manica flexoria. The measured data indicate differences (p≤0,05) among the limb, right, left and respective digits mainly in the more distal analyzed structures. Due to scarcity of biometric studies about this topic, the data found in this work might be useful as a reference for the analyzed group, as well in the anatomic detailed structures which are essential to understanding many of the pathological process of locomotor apparatus in cattle / Orientador: José Wanderley Cattelan / Coorientador: Silvana Martinez Baraldi Artoni / Banca: Julio Carlos Canola / Banca: Claudia Acosta Duarte / Mestre

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Neste trabalho discutimos vários sistemas de dígitos verificadores utilizados no Brasil, muitos deles semelhantes a esquemas usados mundialmente, e fazemos uma análise da sua capacidade de detectar os diversos tipos de erros que são comuns na entrada de dados em sistemas computacionais. A análise nos mostra que os esquemas escolhidos constituem decisões subotimizadas e quase nunca obtêm a melhor taxa de detecção de erros possível. Os sistemas de dígitos verificadores são baseados em três teorias da álgebra: aritmética modular, teoria de grupos e quasigrupos. Para os sistemas baseados em aritmética modular, apresentamos várias melhorias que podem ser introduzidas. Desenvolvemos um novo esquema ótimo baseado em aritmética modular base 10 com três permutações para identificadores de tamanho maior do que sete. Descrevemos também o esquema Verhoeff, já antigo, mas pouquíssimo utilizado e que também é uma alternativa de melhoria para identificadores de tamanho até sete. Desenvolvemos ainda, esquemas ótimos para qualquer base modular prima que detectam todos os tipos de erros considerados. A dissertação faz uso ainda de elementos da estatística, no estudo das probabilidades de detecção de erros e de algoritmos, na obtenção de esquemas ótimos. / In this paper we present several check digit systems used in Brazil, many of them similar to schemes used worldwide, and we do an analysis of their ability to detect various types of errors that are common in data entry computer systems. This analysis shows that the schemes constitute suboptimal decisions and almost never get the best rate possible error detection. Check digit schemes are based on three algebra theory: modular arithmetic, group theory and quasigroup. For the schemes based on modular arithmetic we present several improvements that can be made. We developed a new optimal scheme based on modular arithmetic base 10 with three permutations for identifers larger than 7. We also present the Verhoeff scheme, already old but used very little and that is also a good alternative for improvement identifers for size up to 7. We have also developed,optimum schemes for any modular base prime that detect all types of errors considered. The dissertation also makes use of elements of statistics in the study of the probability of error detection and algorithms to obtain optimal schemes.

Objets de collection depuis les temps anciens, de nos jours les pièces de monnaie constituent un marché de plus en plus important. L’évaluation par des experts de l’état de conservation des pièces de monnaie, que nous nommons gradation, joue un rôle important pour déterminer leur valeur sur le marché. Dans le but de grader des pièces de monnaie de manière efficace et objective, la société GENI collabore avec le laboratoire LIRIS, afin d’automatiser le processus de gradation à partir de photos de pièces de monnaie.L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de fournir une aide à la gradation des pièces de monnaie à partir des photos de qualité. Le projet est composé de quatre phases : segmentation des monnaies, identification du type monétaire, détection et reconnaissance du millésime et gradation des monnaies.Dans la première phase, la pièce de monnaie est segmentée de sa photo de manière précise à l’aide d’un modèle paramétrique déformable. Ce dernier permet également d’extraire des caractéristiques de la pièce de monnaie telles que sa taille, son nombre de coins, de pans, etc.Lors de la deuxième phase, nous cherchons dans une base de données le type monétaire de référence correspondant à la pièce de monnaie requête à l’aide de scores de similarité basés sur des graphes. Le premier score se base sur des caractéristiques locales des contours en relief, et le second, qui est semi-global, permet de mettre en évidence des différences de motifs.La troisième phase concerne la reconnaissance du millésime. Il s’agit d’un sujet difficile car les caractères, dans ce contexte, ont un premier plan de couleur très similaire à l’arrière-plan. Après avoir localisé la zone du millésime et l’avoir découpée en imagettes de chiffres, nous proposons une méthode de reconnaissance de chiffres à l’aide de caractéristiques « topologiques ».Enfin, concernant la gradation des monnaies, nous proposons une méthode se basant sur une quantification des « éléments inattendus » comme les rayures et les taches. La pièce de monnaie est d’abord recalée sur une monnaie de référence, puis, nous détectons les « éléments inattendus » significatifs sur des zones d’intérêt. Enfin, concernant les « éléments inattendus » ténus difficiles à repérer individuellement, nous détectons les zones granuleuses à l’aide du Deep Learning. Le résultat obtenu par cette méthode, proche de ce que l’expert réalise « à la main », servira d’aide aux numismates. / Coins have been collected and studied since ancient times. Today, coin collection has become a hobby for anyone who wants to participate in. Coin grading is a way of determining the physical condition of a coin to provide an indicator for its market value. For grading coins on a large scale and in a relatively objective way, the GENI company cooperates with the laboratory LIRIS to automate the process by using coin photos.The main objective of this thesis is to grade coins from well-conditioned photos. The project is composed of four steps: coin segmentation from raw photos, monetary type identification, coin date detection and recognition and, coin grading.The first step is to extract coins from raw photos with a high precision. With a deformable geometric model, we segment precisely round coins, many-sided coins, wavy edged coins and holed coins by recognizing their shapes.The second step consists of coin recognition or monetary type identification. We match the query coin to the most identical type reference by using two similarity scores. The first similarity score is based on local features of relief contours. The second similarity score is a semi-global measure that highlights the difference between relief patterns.The third step is to detect and recognize coin dates. However, the fact that such characters have the same color as the background makes traditional optical character recognition methods difficult to apply. After extracting the date zone and cropping it into digit images, we propose a learning-free method to recognize those digits by analyzing their “topological” features.In the last step, the grading process is carried out by quantification of "unexpected elements" such as scratches and dirty marks. The coin to grade is registered to a reference coin. Then, large “unexpected elements” are detected in some regions of interest. However, some “micro-scratches” are difficult to extract individually but all together make a "grainy" surface. To deal with it, we use Deep Learning techniques to classify those grainy zones containing such “micro-scratches”. The result of our system, which is close to the manual expert one, is considered as a useful help for numismatists.

網際網路是二十一世紀末最重要的發明之一，它徹底改變了傳統人們接受資訊的方式，使得「閱讀不再只是閱讀，書本不再只是書本」，數位出版已是大勢所趨。 政府也畫出大餅，早從2002年起，就把數位內容產業列為「兩兆雙星」產業之一，但出版界數位化的速度卻如牛步緩行，數位出版至今僅占出版業總產值不到5%的比例。 本研究以電子雜誌為研究對象，探究其發展受限的癥結，是在於「內容」的重製不夠數位化，吸引讀者？還是系統廠商提供的服務沒有跟上Web.2.0的腳步？亦或是消費者的閱讀行為仍停留在紙本的偏好上？以及寬頻載具等技術還有很大的改善空間？這四個環節彼此相扣，影響整個產業的發展。 Web2.0時代強調「即時」「互動」「分享」「社群參與創作」等網路特性，服務讀者的內容，恐怕不能再將「紙本內容電子化」而已。尤其長久以來，網友們已養成「多樣選擇」、「高度連結」、「圖多字少」和「重搜尋而非深讀」、「重互動而非多媒體」等閱讀行為，對傳統編輯可說是一大挑戰。 尤其網友們已習慣「免付費」，不僅對數位版權的管理及收費機制，是一大嚴峻挑戰；而且胃口已被養大，所謂「加值服務」和「Service on demand」的概念大行其道，相較於傳統出版業，顧客服務難度提高。 為能掌握顧客需求的變化，本研究再輔以個案探討和問卷調查作為研究，試圖為出版商家找到最好的經營策略，再創商機。 在出版產業價值鏈上，究竟業者應該與異業結盟，借重資訊廠商的數位化能 力，自己專注做好內容，發揮核心優勢即可？或是善用網路「一次生產、多次使 用、多元加工、多頻傳輸、多元加工、多頻傳輸、多功服務」的產銷特性，進行 上下游垂直整合，何種商業模式最能創造價值？亦是本研究的探討重點。

Digital filters having sharp transition band play a vital role in modern digital signal processing (DSP) applications. Emerging technologies require digital filters to be both computationally efficient in software/hardware realizations. This thesis is concerned with the design and structural-level optimization of sharp transition band digital filters employing the well known frequency response masking (FRM) approach. Unlike the conventional finite impulse response (FIR) based FRM approach, the FRM technique used in this thesis incorporates infinite impulse response (IIR) digital interpolation subfilters, thereby reducing the overall filter order that results in a reduction of hardware complexity. Two realization methods are discussed in this thesis, namely, the bilinear-lossless-discrete-integrators (bilinear-LDI) digital filter design technique, and the lattice wave digital filter (lattice WDF) digital filter design technique. Diversity controlled (DC) genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to optimize both types of IIR based FRM digital filters over the efficient canonical signed digit (CSD) multiplier coefficient space. DCGAs represent FRM digital filters by a binary chromosome and proceed from a population pool of candidate chromosomes to future generations in order to arrive at the desired FRM digital filter satisfying the design specifications. A novel cost-function is used that allows the DCGA to simultaneously optimize both the amplitude-frequency and group-delay frequency response. A fast convergence speed has been observed. / Communications

In the digital industry, FTV mainly develops three kinds of business: digital TV, network and cell phone. In the aspect of digital TV, there are ¡§Follow Me TV¡¨ and ¡§Fly Vision¡¨; in the aspect of network, there are ¡§Online TV¡¨ and ¡§FTV-beauty.com¡¨ e-commerce website; and in the aspect of cell phone, there are ¡§Cell-phone TV¡¨ and ¡§FTV Master¡¨ monitoring system. This research adopts ¡§semi-structured interview¡¨ and transaction cost theory to study the motive, type and management actions of FTV strategic alliance and evaluate the performance of the strategic alliance. It is found in this research that, after FTV enters the digital industry, the network TV and transmission stations with simpler alliance motives and type have lower performance in management and see less profit. ¡§Fly Vision¡¨ and ¡§Cell-phone TV¡¨ have complicated motives, including market expansion, cost sharing, risk reducing, technology supplementing and competitive advantage increasing; they have achieved relatively stable growth due to the longer time of alliance. ¡§Follow Me TV¡¨ has the five motives of alliance; however, it fails to reach remarkable performance because the viewership rate of digital TV is not clear. ¡§FTV-beauty.com¡¨ and ¡§FTV Master¡¨ also have the five motives of alliance, but the time of market exploitation is relatively shorter, so it has just seen a relatively high growth and its performance will be steady after that.