Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2019-02-28T14:05:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sônia Regina da Silva_.pdf: 2944976 bytes, checksum: 4048ad1da1c78864f3319a72a1a73ae2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-28T14:05:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sônia Regina da Silva_.pdf: 2944976 bytes, checksum: 4048ad1da1c78864f3319a72a1a73ae2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-25 / Nenhuma / A combinação de eventos climáticos severos e desastres naturais tem suscitado preocupações em todas as sociedades. Globalmente organismos internacionais promovem e coordenam iniciativas de prevenção e redução do risco de desastres e convocam as nações para tal compromisso. No Brasil, um avanço ocorreu com a instituição da Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil por meio da Lei 12.608/2012, que dentre outros aspectos, reorienta a gestão do risco de desastre que compreende três ações distintas e inter-relacionadas: prevenção, mitigação e preparação. Estas ocorrem de forma multissetorial nos níveis federal, estadual e municipal e exigem ampla participação comunitária. Neste contexto entram as Tecnologias de Informação Móveis e Sem Fio, cujo desenvolvimento nas últimas duas décadas as colocou em evidência como importantes recursos para assistência em cenários inesperados e disruptivos e, desempenham um papel cada vez mais positivo como ferramentas de comunicação de risco de desastres. Este estudo objetiva analisar como ocorre o processo comunicacional na gestão do risco de inundações, por meio do uso de Tecnologias Móveis e sem Fio, entre as instituições de defesa civil e a população estabelecida em áreas inundáveis. Busca, ainda, identificar a percepção dos atores sobre a qualidade das informações de alertas recebidos por meio de tecnologias móveis e as vantagens e desvantagens do seu uso na comunicação de risco. Como estratégia de pesquisa foi realizado um estudo de caso único em uma cidade no interior do Estado de Santa Catarina que, quase que anualmente, enfrenta a problemática de inundações. O estudo conclui que as tecnologias móveis e as mídias sociais móveis são ferramentas eficazes e eficientes na comunicação de risco, pois ampliam as possibilidades de acesso e disseminação de alertas; estimulam, facilitam e impulsionam a interação da população com os órgãos de proteção e defesa civil e contribuem positivamente para a mobilização perante o desastre, pois agilizam a transmissão da informação, favorecendo o planejamento para a evacuação de áreas de risco. Já, as notícias falsas transmitidas por mídias móveis e o risco de falta de conexão e energia caracterizam algumas das desvantagens de uso dessas tecnologias. / The combination of severe weather events and natural disasters has raised concerns in all societies. Globally, international agencies promote and coordinate disaster risk reduction and prevention initiatives and call on nations for such a commitment. In Brazil, a breakthrough occurred with the institution of the National Protection and Civil Defense Policy through Law 12,608/2012, which, among other aspects, reorients disaster risk management, which comprises three distinct and interrelated actions: prevention, mitigation and preparation. These occur in a multisectoral manner at the federal, state and municipal levels and require broad community participation. Mobile and Wireless Information Technologies are emerging in this context, whose development over the last two decades has highlighted them as important resources for assistance in unexpected and disruptive scenarios and play an increasingly positive role as tools for communicating disaster risk. This study aims to analyze how the communication process occurs in flood risk management, through the use of Mobile and Wireless Technologies, between civil defense institutions and the population established in flood areas. It also seeks to identify the perception of the actors about the quality of the information received from mobile technologies and the advantages and disadvantages of their use in risk communication. As a research strategy, a single case study was carried out in a city in the interior of the State of Santa Catarina, which almost annually faces the problem of floods. The study concludes that mobile technologies and mobile social media are effective and efficient tools in risk communication, since they increase the possibilities of access and dissemination of alerts; stimulate, facilitate and boost the interaction of the population with the civil protection and defense organs and contribute positively to the mobilization in the face of the disaster, since they speed up the transmission of information, favoring the planning for the evacuation of areas at risk. Already, the false news transmitted by mobile media and the risk of lack of connection and energy characterize some of the disadvantages of using these technologies.

Ce travail veut apporter des éclairages sur la façon dont la ville d’aujourd’hui est conçue en revisitant à la fois les pratiques urbaines (approche néolibérale et approche par le risque). À travers l’étude comparative de deux quartiers d’Istanbul, Sarıgöl et Tozkoparan, désignés à risques et soumis à des projets de rénovation urbaine, nous avons analysé les objectifs des projets, leur contenu, les bénéficiaires de ces projets et les populations affectés. Sur quels motifs et réalités se basent les politiques publiques urbaines ? Comment les projets sont-ils légitimés par le risque ? Répondent-ils aux problèmes urbains et sociaux présents ? Occasionnent-ils de nouveaux problèmes sociaux ? Les constats établis sur les conséquences des pratiques de rénovation urbaine, nous ont poussé à nous intéresser aux enjeux sociaux émergeant des dynamiques urbaines conflictuelles. Comment les populations sont-elles ou seront-elles affectées par ces rénovations ? La réaction des habitants ? / This work aims to shed light on how the city of today is designed by revisiting both urban practices (neoliberal approach and risk approach). Through the comparative study of two districts in Istanbul, Sarıg.l and Tozkoparan, designated at risk and subject to urban renewal projects, we analysed the objectives of the projects, their content, the beneficiaries and affected populations. On what grounds and realities are urban public policies based ? How are projects legitimized by risk ? Do they respond to the urban and social problems ? Do they cause new social problems ? The findings on the consequences of urban renewal practices have led us to focus on social issues emerging from conflictual urban dynamics. How are populations affected or will they be affected by these renovations ? The reaction of the inhabitants ?

Disasters and climate change threaten the very existence of a special group of developing states- Small Island Developing States (SIDS). This research tackles the problem of limited uptake of integrated approaches to address risk in practice- in particular through disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA). The benefits of these approaches are so significant that they can be considered to be investments in development. Focusing on Barbados, a SIDS, this research therefore seeks to identify the prospects for establishing an integrated disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation (DRR-CCA) development decision-making framework. It also seeks to understand the policy implications for other SIDS. In addressing the research problem, a risk governance framework and mixed methods approach is proposed for identifying the prospects for DRR-CCA. This allows for the challenges and the potential in actor networks, institutions, and the various dimensions of risk decision-making to be identified. The specific SIDS DRR-CCA risk governance framework utilised to generate the prospects is identified from literature. Data from documents, surveys and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 30 representatives from 20 organisations operating at different levels were gathered on DRR and CCA risk governance in Barbados from November, 2014 to May 2015. Analysis was carried out using document analysis, thematic analysis; social network analysis, and descriptive statistics. The research identifies that SIDS require an enhanced risk governance framework for DRR-CCA. This framework has a systemic approach at the core, as well as an explicit development approach supported by a joined-up governance approach. Furthermore, risk assessments should include assessments of adaptive capacity. Existing potential for DRR-CCA risk governance was identified in highly dense networks, established disaster management networks, and a unique polycentric network that engages intraregional partners in national governance. Notwithstanding, challenges related to cohesion within and across institutions and sectors; missing community and socio-economic participation; as well as issues connected to unadjusted mind-sets to address the DRR paradigm shift in practice, and limited development-socio-ecological systems approaches, meant that the prospects identified mainly addressed these shortcomings. A spatial methodology for DRR-CCA seemed feasible. This research contributes a framework for conceptualising DRR-CCA risk governance in SIDS which could be applicable to others. It offers a Caribbean SIDS perspective and practical suggestions for DRR-CCA that are relevant to SIDS practitioners and donors. Further research should focus on testing the prospects across the varying governance contexts of SIDS.

With an increase in the number of people living in proximity to active volcanic centres worldwide, there is a greater need to provide effective and engaging education and outreach programmes to reduce vulnerability and prepare exposed communities for potential future volcanic eruptions. The finalisation of the Sendai Framework (UNISDR, 2015a) has also cemented the need for disaster risk managers to engage at-risk communities with education and outreach programmes, to reduce the number of deaths and injuries caused by volcanic eruptions worldwide. Education and outreach programmes are already commonplace for disaster risk reduction, with many taking the form of traditional presentations, maps, diagrams, TV and radio broadcasts. In recent years, there has been a shift towards the use of more creative media to communicate volcanic hazards and engage populations in outreach activities. These have included films, comic strips, puppet shows, board games and video games. However, to-date there is little empirical evidence for the use of these media with at-risk communities. This research seeks to address this issue by providing evidence for the effective use of creative media for volcanic hazard education by adopting the use of video games (or serious games). To assess how effective serious games could be as an education tool, a bespoke video game (St. Vincent’s Volcano) was developed collaborative with disaster risk agencies and communities on the Eastern Caribbean island of St. Vincent and then trialled with adults and students from across the island. A range of outreach sessions were adopted to compare and contrast the applications of the game and to identify the most effective method of its delivery. These sessions included a traditional outreach presentation used as a control, and a group of UK students for a cohort comparison. Data were collected through a mixed-methods approach. Overall the results of the study demonstrate how successful the game can be as an education tool, promoting knowledge improvement in players. The results also demonstrate how the role of the outreach instructor is important to encourage engagement and can result in higher levels of overall positive engagement exhibited by the students. The game was also successful at promoting knowledge gain and engagement with adult participants. The results also demonstrated promise for games in promoting longer-term knowledge retention and for improving awareness of existing outreach materials. This research provides a foundation for the increased integration of emerging technologies within traditional education sessions. The work also shares some of the challenges and lessons learnt throughout the development and testing processes and provides recommendations for researchers looking to pursue a similar study or to adopt the use of serious games.

<p>A disaster always means a huge death toll, displacement and inconceivable destruction for a poor country such as Bangladesh. Recently, Bangladesh has taken a holistic approach to prioritising interrelated activities and the involvement of various organisations in disaster management. A number of disaster management committees (DMCs) have been formed to coordinate and implement risk reduction measures. But the levels of success of these organisations have varied in different regions. Improper consideration of local knowledge, corruption of actors, lack of coordination and capacity of actors, etc., are perceived as major causes of this. Primarily, this mini-thesis aims to measure the impact of self-organisation in disaster risk management.</p>

<p>A disaster always means a huge death toll, displacement and inconceivable destruction for a poor country such as Bangladesh. Recently, Bangladesh has taken a holistic approach to prioritising interrelated activities and the involvement of various organisations in disaster management. A number of disaster management committees (DMCs) have been formed to coordinate and implement risk reduction measures. But the levels of success of these organisations have varied in different regions. Improper consideration of local knowledge, corruption of actors, lack of coordination and capacity of actors, etc., are perceived as major causes of this. Primarily, this mini-thesis aims to measure the impact of self-organisation in disaster risk management.</p>

This essays main focus will be on emergency shelters in disasters, and their understanding in gender awareness, by focusing on the way gender is constructed and seen. This dissertation will examine documents from Australian Red Cross and IASC (Inter Agency Standing Committee) in order to explore how they work with gender and shelter related issues. The objective is to examine and with help from these documents see how gender is constructed. The method and theory is based on Carol Bacchis; What’s the problem represented to be approach? (WPR-approach). This means that the essay have a discourse analysis basis, which the essay is built on. This was chosen because Bacchis approach interrogates the documents and therefore it is easier to get different views of how gender is constructed. Which way it is constructed and what is not constructed as a problem. The main research question is: How is the construction of gender perspective in the documents that are intended to steer the planning of the emergency shelters?   The questions will be; What or which problems seem to represent these documents, regarding gender understanding in emergency shelters? Are there any assumptions behind these formulated problems? If so, what are they? During the review of the documents, is there anything left that is seen as a non-problem, not problematized? Are there any gap or invisibility or can the problem be seen as something else? This essay will show how gender is constructed based on power imbalance. The way gender is constructed is complex and difficult. One thing is clear and that is that the way gender is constructed and how gender is represented, matters in emergency shelters. Gender is still also a topic for crisis management to integrate.

When society fails to effectively integrate natural and constructed environments, one of the cataclysmic byproducts of this disconnect is an increased risk of natural disasters. On top of the devastation that is the aftermath of such disasters, poor planning and engineering decisions have detrimental effects on communities as they attempt to recover and rebuild. While there is an inherent difficulty in the quantification of the cost of human life, interruption in business operations, and damage to the properties, it is critical to develop plans and mitigation strategies to promote fast recovery. Traditionally insurance and reinsurance products have been used as a mitigation strategy for financing post-disaster recovery. However, there are number of problems associated with these models such as lack of liquidity, defaults, long litigation process, etc. In light of these problems, new Alternative Risk Transfer (ART) methods are introduced. The pricing of these risk mitigating instruments, however, has been mostly associated with the hazard frequency and intensity; and little recognition is made of the riskiness of the structure to be indemnified. This study proposes valuation models for catastrophe-linked ART products and insurance contracts in which the risks and value can be linked to the characteristics of the insured portfolio of constructed assets. The results show that the supply side ? structural parameters are as important as the demand ? hazard frequency, and are in a highly nonlinear relationship with financial parameters such as risk premiums and spreads.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Resiliens är ett begrepp som används i allt större utsträckning inom risk och katastrofforskningen för att beskriva samhällets motståndskraft mot, förmåga att återhämta sig från samt utvecklas positivt efter större naturhändelser. Forskning visar på vikten av att involvera alla nivåer i samhället för att skapa resiliens vilket även uttrycks i internationella ramverk för katastrofriskreducering, klimatanpassning och hållbar utveckling. Det är framförallt på den lokala nivån som konsekvenserna av extrema naturhändelser manifestera och måste hanteras vilket innebär att allmänheten anses vara viktig att involvera i det katastrofriskreducerande arbetet för en ökad resiliens. Detta innebär ett så kallat ”bottom-up” sätt att arbeta. En faktor som enligt forskningen påverkar risken för katastrofer är olika sårbarheter i samhället. Hur sårbart ett samhälle är påverkas bland annat av ekonomiska, ekologiska och sociala faktorer och hur resurser är fördelade. Vissa grupper i samhället pekas ofta ut som mer sårbara, och ett led i att skapa resiliens är att tillgodose dessa gruppers specifika behov i relation till katastrofrisker. Teorier och modeller gällande samhällets resiliens mot katastrofer är ofta framtagna med fokus på miljöer med mer frekventa och dramatiska naturhändelser, och samhällen som präglas av en högre grad av socioekonomiska skillnader än vi har i dagens Sverige. Ett förändrat klimat och andra globala processer påverkar även det svenska samhället. Svenska staten och dess myndigheter påtalar allt mer vikten av att arbeta utifrån ett resiliensperspektiv i samhällsbyggandet. I den svenska kontexten ligger ett stort ansvar gällande risk och krishantering på den kommunala nivån, samt även på den enskilda individen, vilket kan tänkas borga för att involvera allmänheten i katastrofriskreduceringen och tillika skapa ett resilient lokalsamhälle. Syfte: Syftet med studien är trefaldig. Primärt syftar den till att få en övergripande förståelse för hur personer som är verksamma inom risk och krishantering på lokal nivå i en svensk kommun ser på att involvera allmänheten i det katastrofriskreducerande arbetet utifrån ett resiliensperspektiv. Sekundärt syftar studien till att undersöka hur man förhåller sig till olika gruppers behov i arbetet utifrån ett sårbarhetsperspektiv samt att undersöka relevansen av ett befintligt teoretiskt ramverk för community resilience i en svensk kontext. Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ explorativ fallstudie av Örebro kommun med en abduktiv ansats. Genom en kombination av strategiskt urval och snöbollsurval har nyckelpersoner som är verksamma inom kommunal verksamhet samt frivilligorganisationer inkluderats i studien. Datainsamlingen bestod av semistrukturerade intervjuer som transkriberats och vidare analyserats genom kvalitativ textanalys. För att stärka studiens validitet har även kommundokument studerats för att möjliggöra en triangulering. Resultatet diskuteras utifrån teorier om resiliens, risk-governance och sårbarhet för katastrofer samt ett teoretiskt ramverk för community resilience. Resultat: Resultatet visar på: 1) en positiv syn hos respondenterna på att involvera allmänheten, framförallt som en resurs i den akuta krishanteringen genom att nyttja frivilliga, 2) möjligheter med att involvera allmänheten genom relationsbyggande nätverk och ökad samverkan med civilsamhället för att få information om hur människor upplever sin verklighet och vilka behov allmänheten har gällande information och stöttning, 3) hinder avseende kommunikation och samverkan mellan kommun och allmänhet vilket delvis kopplades till att det saknas användbara verktyg och att ny teknik inte nyttjas fullt ut, 4) brist på kontinuitet i samverkan mellan civilsamhället och kommunen och låg frekvens av större händelser, 5) ett bristande engagemang från allmänhetens sida. Resultatet pekar även på att resiliensramverket är relevant i den svenska kontexten. / Summary Background: Resiliens is a concept that is increasingly used in risk- and disaster research to describe society's resistance to, ability to recover from and to develop positively after major natural events. Research shows the importance of involving all levels of society in order to create resilience against disasters and is expressed in international frameworks for disaster risk reduction, climate change and sustainable development. Since the consequences of extreme natural events primarily manifests at the local level, they need to be locally managed. The importance of involving the public in disaster risk reduction, also called the “bottom-up approach” with the aim of building resilience is thus highlighted. One factor affecting societal disaster risk is vulnerability. How vulnerable a society is to disasters is influenced by economic, ecological and social factors and the distribution of resources. Certain groups in society are often referred to as more vulnerable and one part of building resilience against disasters is to cater to the specific needs of these groups in relation to disaster risks. Theories and models of societal resilience against disasters are often developed with focus on environments with more frequent and dramatic natural events and societies that are characterized by a greater degree of socio-economic differences than that of today's Sweden. But a changing climate and other global processes also affect the Swedish society. The Swedish state and its authorities increasingly emphasize the importance of taking a resilience perspective on societal development. The responsibility for risk and crisis management in Sweden is primarily focused at the municipal level, as well as on the individual, which could warrant the involvement of the public in disaster reduction in order to build a resilient local community. Purpose: The purpose of the study is threefold. It primarily aims at gaining an overall understanding of the views of individuals, involved in risk and crisis management at local level in Sweden, upon involving the public in disaster risk reduction from a resilience perspective. Secondarily, the study aims at investigating how the needs of different groups in the community is incorporated into the work, based on a vulnerability perspective, and thirdly to investigate the relevance of an existing theoretical framework for community resilience in a Swedish context. Method: The study was designed as a qualitative exploratory case study of Örebro municipality with an abductive approach. Through a combination of strategic selection and snowballing, key people working in the local council and non-governmental organizations have been included in the study. The data collection consisted of semistructured interviews that were transcribed and further analyzed through qualitative text analysis. In order to strengthen the validity of the study, municipal documents were studied to enable triangulation. The results were discussed through theories of resilience, risk governance and disaster vulnerability as well as a theoretical framework for community resilience by Norris et al. (2008). Results: The results show: 1) a positive view upon involving the public, primarily as a resource in emergency crisis management by using volunteers, 2) opportunities for involving the public through relational networking and enhanced cooperation with civil society, in order to gain information and knowledge on how people perceive their reality and the needs of the public regarding information and support, 3) communication and cooperation barriers between the municipality and the public are linked to the lack of useful tools and that new technologies are not fully utilized, 4) a lack of continuity in civil society and municipality collaboration, low frequency of major events, and lack of widespread commitment among the public. The result indicates that the resilience framework is also relevant in the Swedish context.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Fernando Rocha Nogueira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, 2016. / A instituição da Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil (Lei nº 12.608/2012) em conjunto com a Política Nacional de Gestão de Risco e Resposta a Desastres Naturais (PNGRD) pressupõe a articulação de ações nas três esferas do governo, definindo a criação de instrumentos focados na reestruturação de espaços urbanos através da criação de mecanismos preventivos e de mitigação frente à situação de risco. Muitas diferentes iniciativas préestabelecidas pelo PNGRD estão em desenvolvimento, mas ainda estão pouco consolidadas no âmbito da gestão pública municipal. Dentro deste atual cenário político-institucional, o desafio é o desenvolvimento e implantação de estruturas permanentes de planejamento e gestão a partir da criação de novos arranjos institucionais que potencializem redes de cooperação intermunicipal na criação de políticas em escala regional, a criação de uma rede de informação que subsidie ações intersetoriais e a cooperação e troca de informações nos diferentes níveis da administração pública, estruturados em sistemas de informação geográfica (GIS). A partir do contexto apresentado, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo apresentar práticas e métodos para redução de riscos de desastres a serem adaptados à realidade dos municípios brasileiros. Como estudo de caso, a pesquisa apresenta o Consórcio Intermunicipal Grande ABC, que reúne ao todo sete municípios para o planejamento e gestão, com caráter cooperativo, através da integração e padronização de políticas locais, potencializando as respostas individuais frente a diferentes riscos socioambientais, através da criação de planos regionais e o processo para a estruturação de uma infraestrutura de dados espaciais para gestão integrada dos riscos em escala regional. / The institution of the National Policy on Protection and Civil Defense (Law nº12.608 / 2012) in conjunction with the National Policy on Risk Management and Disaster Response (PNGRD) requires the articulation of actions in the three spheres of government, defining the creation instruments focused on the restructuring of urban spaces through the creation of preventive mechanisms and facing mitigate the risk. Many different initiatives pre-set by PNGRD are in development but are still little consolidated within the municipal public administration. Within this current political-institutional setting, the challenge is the development and implementation of permanent structures planning and management from the creation of new institutional arrangements that enhance inter-municipal cooperation networks in creating a regional scale policies, the creation of a network information that assists intersectoral action and cooperation and exchange of information at different levels of government, structured in geographic information systems (GIS). From the presented context, this research aims to present practices and methods for reducing disaster risks to be adapted to the reality of Brazilian municipalities. As a study case will be analyzing the Grand ABC Intermunicipal Consortium that gathers in all seven municipalities for planning and management, cooperative character through the integration and standardization of local policies, enhancing the individual responses to different environmental risk by creating regional plans, and the process for structuring a-spatial data infrastructure for integrated risk management on a regional scale.