Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1972. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a global health crisis. Consequently, many countries have adopted restrictive measures that caused a substantial change in society. Within this framework, it is reasonable to suppose that a sentiment of societal discontent, defined as generalized concern about the precarious state of society, has arisen. Literature shows that collectively experienced situations can motivate people to help each other. Since societal discontent is conceptualized as a collective phenomenon, we argue that it could influence intention to help others, particularly those who suffer from coronavirus. Thus, in the present study, we aimed (a) to explore the relationship between societal discontent and intention to help at the individual level and (b) to investigate a possible moderating effect of societal discontent at the country level on this relationship. To fulfil our purposes, we used data collected in 42 countries (N = 61,734) from the PsyCorona Survey, a cross-national longitudinal study. Results of multilevel analysis showed that, when societal discontent is experienced by the entire community, individuals dissatisfied with society are more prone to help others. Testing the model with longitudinal data (N = 3,817) confirmed our results. Implications for those findings are discussed in relation to crisis management. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. / New York University Abu Dhabi

Este trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar o referencial teórico da psicanálise para investigar de que maneiras a dinâmica do esporte de alto rendimento conduz aqueles que se envolvem em uma carreira como atletas ao mal-estar. O trabalho parte de um estudo do lugar social do esporte ao longo da história, expondo as relações entre esporte e política, e demonstrando como o papel da prática esportiva e do atleta foi se transformando até passar a ocupar seu lugar atual na cultura. Em seguida, obra freudiana é utilizada para retomar o conceito de malestar e como este se relaciona com a função do trabalho para indivíduos e para a sociedade, para abordar a questão da carreira esportiva em si. Posteriormente, a carreira dos atletas é trabalhada mais profundamente, com ênfase nas especificidades de cada uma das principais etapas: a iniciação esportiva, o profissionalismo e a aposentadoria do esporte. Ao longo deste capítulo são utilizados conceitos freudianos que permitam a compreensão do mal-estar em cada um destes momentos, principalmente noções de ideal, identificação, superego e culpa. Finalmente, o conceito lacaniano dos quatro discursos é retomado para aprofundar a discussão sobre as relações de poder no meio esportivo e como o discurso do alto rendimento que predomina no esporte profissional envolve os sujeitos em relações com o outro e com sua própria produção que levam ao mal-estar / This work aims to use the theoretical reference of psychoanalysis to investigate in which ways the dynamics of high performance sports lead those involved in careers as athletes to discontent. The work starts from a study of the social place of sport throughout history, exposing the relation between sport and politics, and demonstrating how the role of sporting practice and athletes have changed to the place it currently occupies in culture. Next, the Freudian work is used to take up the concept of discontent and how it relates to the function of work for individuals and for society, and to approach the matter of the career in sport itself. Later, athletes careers are studied more profoundly, with emphasis on the specificities of each of the main stages: the initiation process, professionalism and retirement from sport. Throughout this chapter, Freudian concepts are used in order to help understand the discontent in each of these moments, especially the notions of ideal, identification, superego and guilt. Finally, the lacanian concept of the four discourses are brought to deepen the discussion about the power relations in the area of sport and how the high performance discourse that predominates in professional sports involves the individuals in relations with each other and with their own practice that lead to discontent

The origin of voluntary organizations has not been studied much in sociology. This study develops a three-phase model of a voluntary organization origin and three case studies are conducted to try out the model. The aim of the study is to describe and analyze the birth of a voluntary organization and its development. The empiric material has been gathered in three voluntary organizations from the mid-80'ies. The organizations are Noaks Ark (working with HIV), 5i12-rörelsen (working with refugees) and Farsor och Morsor på Stan (working with teenagers in Stockholm city). All three organizations still exist. The empiric material has been collected though interviews and other written materials. The theoretical model is divided into three phases, the preorigin phase, the phase of origin and the maturity phase. Each phase has its special character and there is no automatic transference to the next phase. In the first phase - the preorigin phase - the key notion is the entrepreneur or the agitator. The entrepreneur or the agitator sees a problem in society. Often this is coupled with a personal experience of the problem and a desire to do something about it. They gather more knowledge in the area, meet other people and develop an idea of how to solve the problem. In the phase of origin the key notion is the organizer. The leader has to have knowledge of organizing; how to organize people and how to mobilize resources. The organizers are often charismatic and use their charisma to gather people around their idea. In the maturity phase all the distinctive marks of a voluntary organizations can be seen. The key notion is the members' need for security and continuity. The members can also develop a personal need for the organization. The dependence on the founder or the leader decreases in significance, and bureaucracy is developed. Forces outside and inside the organization influence the voluntary organization and it is shaped by its history and surrounding. It is argued that the emergence of a voluntary organization is dependent on three things that has to coincide, discontent and an idea how to relieve it, resources and an organizer. The empiric findings support the three-phase model. In theory the phases are distinctive but in the case studies the phases could overlap.

This study analyzes the mythic significance of John Steinbeck's The Winter of Our Discontent, its purpose being to further the work begun by such critics as Joseph Fontenrose, Donna Gerstenberger, Lester Marks, Clifford Lewis, Peter Lisca, Tetsumaro Hayashi, Robert De Mott, Donal Stone, and Douglas Verdier -- particularly on the basis of Jungian literary theory.Chapter One describes the development off historical positions which become more discerning and positive in the late 1960's. Chapter Two establishes Steinbeck's interest in myth and archetype by referring to his letters and journals, marry of which are still unpublished. Chapter Three reviews the influences of Sir James George Frazer, T. S. Eliot and interpreters of the Tarot on the novel. Chapter Four considers The Winter on the basis of the monomyth described by Joseph Campbell in his The Hero with a Thousand Faces and on Jung's process of individuation, showing how these two are related.According to these established models of the quest, Ethan Allen Hawley is indeed a quester, and, as such, is not an entirely realistic character. Steinbeck, in The Winter, is writing a modern-day romance. Steinbeck's overt didacticism and ubiquitous allusions, perhaps consequences of his analogical approach, tend at times to be clumsy. In spite of these stylistic weaknesses, Steinbeck's use of monomyth creates complexities of character and theme in The Winter of Our Discontent.

Este trabalho se propõe a investigar a condição do mal-estar e a relação com a razão e a loucura através da leitura do conto de Machado de Assis, O Alienista. O diálogo que se estabelece é entre a psicanálise e a literatura, tendo como ponto de ancoragem o texto O Mal-Estar na Cultura” (1929/1930), de Sigmund Freud. Esta pesquisa busca ressaltar, na produção de Freud, momentos em que a ficção constituiu referência fundamental para a elaboração dos conceitos, diferente da psicanálise aplicada à literatura. Freud aponta que os escritores criativos eram capazes de, através do texto, presentificar o inconsciente e questões que diziam respeito aos impasses e interrogações importantes da condição humana. O conto machadiano foi sendo pensado também nas relações que podem ser estabelecidas com as ideias a respeito do contemporâneo, segundo abordagem de Giorgio Agamben, e também de clássico, pelo aporte sugerido por Ítalo Calvino. Através da metodologia psicanalítica, lançamos um olhar sobre as linhas de tensão que pudemos encontrar na ficção machadiana e na narrativa ficcional escrita em certo diálogo com O Alienista, o romance A Filha do Escritor, de Gustavo Bernardo. Destacamos, brevemente, a linha de tensão entre a razão/desrazão que despontava na virada do século XIX ao XX, e que continua a produzir interrogações em nosso tempo. Interessou-nos, assim, situar as soluções e os caminhos encontrados pelo homem para lidar com o sentimento de desamparo e a condição mal-estar. Pelo viés da ironia na forma da construção narrativa, Machado lança a pergunta: “Se as linhas de definição entre a razão e a desrazão estão perfeitamente delimitadas, para que transpor a cerca?”. / This study proposes to investigate the condition of discontent and its relation with reason and unreason through the reading of the book written by Machado de Assis, The Alienist. The dialogue is established between psychoanalyses and literature, taking as a start point the text Culture and its Discontents (1929/1930), by Sigmund Freud. In this research we highlight in the production of Freud the moments that fiction constitutes fundamental reference for the elaboration of concepts what is different from physicoanalyses applied to literature. Freud points out that creative writers, through the productions of text, were able to point out the unconscious and also the questions concerned to important interrogations of the human condition. Machado´s tale was thought also in the relation that could be established with the ideas that concern with the concept of contemporaneous, by Giorgio Agamben, and was also considered a classic according to the concept of Italo Calvino. Through the methodology of psychoanalysis, we launched a look at the power lines that we could found in Machado's fiction and also in fictional narrative written by Gustavo Bernardo called The Daughter of the Writer. We briefly highlighted the line of tension between reason/unreason that was looming at the turn of the nineteenth century to the twentieth century, and that continues to produce questions in our time. So that, we tried to situate the solutions and the paths found by man to cope with the helpless felling and the discontent solution. Trough the look of irony used in the narrative construction, Machado proposes the question: “If the boundaries of definition between reason and unreason are clearly delimited, why cross this line?”

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:39:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 361794 bytes, checksum: 54739aab496e8ffa1fd32de7a542b415 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research has as its theme the link between the violence and the decline of the symbolic order, represented in the Lacanian psychoanalysis by the fall of the significant the Name-of-father and which represents sign of contemporary society. Although the violence is in the history mankind, we believe that its spread justifies a field of investigation. In this paper the violence will not be cataloged (domestic violence, urban violence, etc.) because we understand that by the cataloging of the phenomenon we would difficult the problem of its location, in view of it would be necessary enter in the matter of the existence of a victim, the subject who suffers the act. Thereby, we will discuss the violence as a contemporary symptom, as a signing of the current discontent, result of the prevalence of the drive satisfaction, where the value of sense of the symptom is subdued to its value of enjoyment. According to Lacanian psychoanalysis, in the contemporaneity does not exist more a limit offered by the exception, but what exists is a worldwide which register itself as a opened set, without a limit, beside the female sexuation which leads to the question of the enjoyment treatment when this escapes to the law. We believe that the psychoanalysis can contribute to turn the violence, as a symptom which formalizes the enjoyment, into an analytical symptom to provide to the subjects the possibility of invention of a sinthoma that can reshape the enjoyment and relieve the current discontent of the subjects, even considering that by the outlook of psychoanalysis only the subject can say from what does not go well with them (although it does not exist a knowledge previously constituted about this saying) and turn their symptom into an analysis symptom. / A presente pesquisa tem como tema a articulação entre a violência e o declínio da ordem simbólica, representado na psicanálise lacaniana pela queda do significante do Nome-do- Pai e que constitui signo da sociedade contemporânea. Muito embora a violência esteja presente na história da humanidade, acreditamos que sua proliferação justifique um campo de investigação. Aqui a violência não será catalogada (violência doméstica, violência urbana etc.), porque entendemos que a partir da catalogação do fenômeno dificultaríamos o problema da sua localização, tendo em vista que seria necessário adentrarmos na questão da existência de uma vítima, o sujeito que sofre o ato. Abordamos a violência como um sintoma contemporâneo, como sinalização do mal estar atual fruto do predomínio da satisfação pulsional, onde o valor de sentido do sintoma se encontra subjulgado ao seu valor de gozo. De acordo com a psicanálise lacaniana, na contemporaneidade não se conta mais com um limite oferecido pela exceção, mas sim com um universal que se inscreve como um conjunto aberto, sem um limite, do lado da sexuação feminina, o que conduz à questão do tratamento do gozo quando este escapa à lei. Acreditamos que a psicanálise possa contribuir para transformar a violência, como sintoma que formaliza o gozo, em sintoma analítico a fim de proporcionar aos sujeitos a possibilidade de invenção de um sinthoma que possa dar outra forma ao gozo e aliviar o mal estar atual desses sujeitos, mesmo considerando que da perspectiva da psicanálise somente o sujeito pode dizer do que não vai bem com ele (embora não exista um saber constituído previamente sobre esse dizer) e transformar o seu sintoma em sintoma de análise.

Este trabalho se propõe a investigar a condição do mal-estar e a relação com a razão e a loucura através da leitura do conto de Machado de Assis, O Alienista. O diálogo que se estabelece é entre a psicanálise e a literatura, tendo como ponto de ancoragem o texto O Mal-Estar na Cultura” (1929/1930), de Sigmund Freud. Esta pesquisa busca ressaltar, na produção de Freud, momentos em que a ficção constituiu referência fundamental para a elaboração dos conceitos, diferente da psicanálise aplicada à literatura. Freud aponta que os escritores criativos eram capazes de, através do texto, presentificar o inconsciente e questões que diziam respeito aos impasses e interrogações importantes da condição humana. O conto machadiano foi sendo pensado também nas relações que podem ser estabelecidas com as ideias a respeito do contemporâneo, segundo abordagem de Giorgio Agamben, e também de clássico, pelo aporte sugerido por Ítalo Calvino. Através da metodologia psicanalítica, lançamos um olhar sobre as linhas de tensão que pudemos encontrar na ficção machadiana e na narrativa ficcional escrita em certo diálogo com O Alienista, o romance A Filha do Escritor, de Gustavo Bernardo. Destacamos, brevemente, a linha de tensão entre a razão/desrazão que despontava na virada do século XIX ao XX, e que continua a produzir interrogações em nosso tempo. Interessou-nos, assim, situar as soluções e os caminhos encontrados pelo homem para lidar com o sentimento de desamparo e a condição mal-estar. Pelo viés da ironia na forma da construção narrativa, Machado lança a pergunta: “Se as linhas de definição entre a razão e a desrazão estão perfeitamente delimitadas, para que transpor a cerca?”. / This study proposes to investigate the condition of discontent and its relation with reason and unreason through the reading of the book written by Machado de Assis, The Alienist. The dialogue is established between psychoanalyses and literature, taking as a start point the text Culture and its Discontents (1929/1930), by Sigmund Freud. In this research we highlight in the production of Freud the moments that fiction constitutes fundamental reference for the elaboration of concepts what is different from physicoanalyses applied to literature. Freud points out that creative writers, through the productions of text, were able to point out the unconscious and also the questions concerned to important interrogations of the human condition. Machado´s tale was thought also in the relation that could be established with the ideas that concern with the concept of contemporaneous, by Giorgio Agamben, and was also considered a classic according to the concept of Italo Calvino. Through the methodology of psychoanalysis, we launched a look at the power lines that we could found in Machado's fiction and also in fictional narrative written by Gustavo Bernardo called The Daughter of the Writer. We briefly highlighted the line of tension between reason/unreason that was looming at the turn of the nineteenth century to the twentieth century, and that continues to produce questions in our time. So that, we tried to situate the solutions and the paths found by man to cope with the helpless felling and the discontent solution. Trough the look of irony used in the narrative construction, Machado proposes the question: “If the boundaries of definition between reason and unreason are clearly delimited, why cross this line?”

Este trabalho se propõe a investigar a condição do mal-estar e a relação com a razão e a loucura através da leitura do conto de Machado de Assis, O Alienista. O diálogo que se estabelece é entre a psicanálise e a literatura, tendo como ponto de ancoragem o texto O Mal-Estar na Cultura” (1929/1930), de Sigmund Freud. Esta pesquisa busca ressaltar, na produção de Freud, momentos em que a ficção constituiu referência fundamental para a elaboração dos conceitos, diferente da psicanálise aplicada à literatura. Freud aponta que os escritores criativos eram capazes de, através do texto, presentificar o inconsciente e questões que diziam respeito aos impasses e interrogações importantes da condição humana. O conto machadiano foi sendo pensado também nas relações que podem ser estabelecidas com as ideias a respeito do contemporâneo, segundo abordagem de Giorgio Agamben, e também de clássico, pelo aporte sugerido por Ítalo Calvino. Através da metodologia psicanalítica, lançamos um olhar sobre as linhas de tensão que pudemos encontrar na ficção machadiana e na narrativa ficcional escrita em certo diálogo com O Alienista, o romance A Filha do Escritor, de Gustavo Bernardo. Destacamos, brevemente, a linha de tensão entre a razão/desrazão que despontava na virada do século XIX ao XX, e que continua a produzir interrogações em nosso tempo. Interessou-nos, assim, situar as soluções e os caminhos encontrados pelo homem para lidar com o sentimento de desamparo e a condição mal-estar. Pelo viés da ironia na forma da construção narrativa, Machado lança a pergunta: “Se as linhas de definição entre a razão e a desrazão estão perfeitamente delimitadas, para que transpor a cerca?”. / This study proposes to investigate the condition of discontent and its relation with reason and unreason through the reading of the book written by Machado de Assis, The Alienist. The dialogue is established between psychoanalyses and literature, taking as a start point the text Culture and its Discontents (1929/1930), by Sigmund Freud. In this research we highlight in the production of Freud the moments that fiction constitutes fundamental reference for the elaboration of concepts what is different from physicoanalyses applied to literature. Freud points out that creative writers, through the productions of text, were able to point out the unconscious and also the questions concerned to important interrogations of the human condition. Machado´s tale was thought also in the relation that could be established with the ideas that concern with the concept of contemporaneous, by Giorgio Agamben, and was also considered a classic according to the concept of Italo Calvino. Through the methodology of psychoanalysis, we launched a look at the power lines that we could found in Machado's fiction and also in fictional narrative written by Gustavo Bernardo called The Daughter of the Writer. We briefly highlighted the line of tension between reason/unreason that was looming at the turn of the nineteenth century to the twentieth century, and that continues to produce questions in our time. So that, we tried to situate the solutions and the paths found by man to cope with the helpless felling and the discontent solution. Trough the look of irony used in the narrative construction, Machado proposes the question: “If the boundaries of definition between reason and unreason are clearly delimited, why cross this line?”

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-07T12:01:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 diegopedrosacarvalho.pdf: 1203795 bytes, checksum: b8d94ddf2750c3c7f8f254595a8308e9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T12:19:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 diegopedrosacarvalho.pdf: 1203795 bytes, checksum: b8d94ddf2750c3c7f8f254595a8308e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T12:19:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 diegopedrosacarvalho.pdf: 1203795 bytes, checksum: b8d94ddf2750c3c7f8f254595a8308e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A Europa do início do século XX, marcada, sobretudo, pela Primeira Guerra Mundial, pela Revolução Russa e pela ascensão dos regimes totalitários, foi terreno de reflexões valiosas acerca dos caminhos e descaminhos civilizacionais. Recorrendo a Freud e Adorno, sob o recorte histórico da década de 30, intento resgatar as relevantes contribuições de ambos no que tange à discussão sobre o estado da cultura. Em O mal-estar na civilização, publicado em 1930, Freud destaca o papel repressor da civilização sobre os impulsos de amor e de agressividade dos homens, indo além, assim, do propósito de proteção dos mesmos contra as intempéries da natureza e contra seus próprios humores, e representando, desta forma, um duplo obstáculo para a felicidade humana. Em O fetichismo na música e a regressão da audição, de 1938, Adorno denuncia a regressão social vivenciada em seu tempo e, consequentemente, o empobrecimento subjetivo, a partir da evolução do processo de mercantilização da arte, em que a música, fetichizada, passa a ser consumida por ouvintes regressivos pelo seu valor de troca, em detrimento do valor de uso. Utilizando os conceitos de fetichismo, regressão e mal-estar como elementos mediadores, busco demonstrar um encontro objetivo entre a discussão freudiana e o ensaio de Adorno. / The early twentieth century Europe, marked mainly by the First World War, the Russian Revolution and the rise of totalitarian regimes, was ground for valuable reflections on the paths and misdirections of civilization. Using the thoughts of Freud and Adorno concerning the historical period of the 1930's, I attempt to rescue their relevant contributions regarding the discussion on the state of culture. In Civilization and its discontents, published in 1930, Freud highlights the repressive role of civilization over man‟s impulses of love and aggression, going beyond its protection purposes against the harsh conditions of nature and against man‟s own moods, and then representing a double barrier to human happiness. In On the fetish-character in music and the regression of listening (1938), Adorno denounces the social regression experienced in his time and, consequently, the subjective impoverishment resulting from the growing process of commodification of art, in which music, fetishized, becomes consumed by regressive listeners due to its exchange value, rather than to its use value. Using the concepts of fetishism, regression and discontent as mediating elements, I try to show an objective meeting between Freud's reflections and Adorno's essay.