<p>This Bachelor thesis investigates if the Swedish trade has faced trade diversion and or trade creation after entering the European Union (EU). This is done by analyzing Sweden’s trade pattern of goods before and during the membership using a selected time-period of 1985-2004.</p><p>To be able to investigate if Sweden has faced trade diversion and trade creation we apply the Soloaga and Winters model (2000) which is based on the gravity model of trade and we modify it to fit our purpose. By using the modified version we run a pooled panel data regression where we divide the time-period into two groups, a before (1985-1994) and during (1995-2004) EU membership group and we included eight different variables to estimate trade diversion and creation. After running the pooled panel data, we could conclude that Sweden has faced 44 percent trade diversion by diverting its trade from non-members to member states in the EU. Sweden has also increased its trade to EU member states by 106 percent implying trade creation. However since we have not included an exchange rate variable these figure cannot be used as direct percentages to estimate trade diversion and creation, they are instead used as a point of reference.</p><p>ii</p> / <p>Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker huruvida Sveriges handel har påverkats av handelsomfördelning och eller en handelsökning efter medlemskapet i den Europeiska Unionen (EU). Detta gör vi genom att analysera Sveriges handelstrend under 1985-2004.</p><p>Till vår hjälp i vår undersökning av Sveriges handelsutveckling under de senaste 20 åren har vi använt Soloaga och Winters (2000) regressionsmodell som är baserad på gravitations modellen för handel men vi har modifierat den till att passa vårt syfte. Genom denna modifierade modell har vi gjort en poolad paneldata analys där vi delar upp vår tids period i två grupper, en före- och en under EU grupp och vi inkluderade åtta variabler i modellen. Sammanfattningsvis har vi kommit fram till att Sverige har påverkats av en 44 procentig handelsomfördelning då handeln har skiftat från icke medlemsstater till medlemsstater. Sverige har även ökat sin handel med EU länderna med 106 procent vilket pekar på att Sverige även har påverkats av en handelsökning. Dessa siffror måste dock ses som en utgångspunkt och inte exakta siffror för handelsomfördelning och handelsökning då vi ej inkluderat en variabel som mäter valutakurs förändringar i vår regressionsmodell</p>

Chemical dependency in the health profession is a growing concern. With easy access to controlled substances, many nurses divert prescription drugs and even work while under the influence. Nurses who are under the influence and working with patients are an obvious public hazard. Many states in the USA have non-punitive programs to offer recovery to nurses with chemical dependency and return them to work. In California this program is named the Diversion Program. Part of the requirements of successful completion of the Diversion Program is to attend weekly meetings called support groups. These support groups are facilitated by other nurses experienced in the field of chemical dependency. This study explored the experiences of nurse facilitators of support groups for nurses with chemical dependency in the California, USA, Diversion Program. Data were collected through twelve individual interviews selected through purposeful, non-probability convenience sampling. A phenomenological research design was used that was descriptive, explorative, and contextual. The data analysis revealed four major themes: (1) experience of communication within the Diversion Program; (2) experience of the structure of the Diversion Program; (3) experience of their role within the Diversion Program; and (4) experience of facilitation of support groups. The study revealed that even though many of the nurse facilitators‟ experiences were positive with respect to the support groups they expressed concern about the communication patterns within the Diversion Program. To offer support for the nurse facilitators, guidelines and a conceptual framework were created to enhance their experience and mitigate their feelings of marginalization from the Diversion Program. / Health Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

Bubble curtains offer a potential solution for hindering downstream migrating fish from passing through the turbines of hydropower plants, by instead guiding them to a safe passage. Compared to the conventional method of using low-inclined bar racks close to the turbine intake, bubble curtains are considerably cheaper, especially for large scale hydropower plants. In this work bubble curtains are evaluated through an experimental parametric study, mainly regarding two quantities, defined here as the overall bubble coverage of the background, as well as the occurrence of large tears in the curtain. The examined parameters cover the design of the device that generates the bubbles, the positioning of the device, as well as the flow condition of the water. The bubble curtain was filmed with underwater cameras and image analysis was performed using image segmentation in MATLAB. Results indicate that the total air flow should be chosen high, around 200-500 nl/min/m. The number of holes the air is distributed across is of little importance, except in the area closest to the air outlets, where permanent tears may occur inbetween holes if the distance is to great. Smaller holes (&lt;1mm) are preferable to larger holes (&gt;1 mm), but the difference is small compared to the effect of the total air flow. In flowing water, a smaller angle of attack against the current is better based on the defined quantities, but it will also result in a longer and therefore more expensive device. The bubble curtain should not be placed where mean water velocities exceed 0,75 m/s, since it will result in an inclination with the current close to that of bar racks designed to guide fish towards the surface. Furthermore, at these water velocities some fish may have difficulties following the curtain, due to their limited swimming capabilities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:13:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raphael Dall Anese Durante.pdf: 1073989 bytes, checksum: 83f9a6eac76810bcff2ee594eafd753f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In general ways, the present research aims to contribute to the area of communication studies and the media theory, through theoretical reflections about the human communication as a ludic method: game. To this end, we released the thesis that for the Czech-Brazilian philosopher Vilém Flusser (1920-1991), the center issue for understanding our communication is only possible if we take into account the fundamental importance of the concept of the game, especially in your proposal to formulate a philosophical thought about the politics of fun in a programmed universe. This one, by its turn, represents theoretically the opportunity to examine the process of communication as an activity of fun, divided: diabolical. In the specific context we seek to realize an archeology of the game concept, starting with anthropological and philosophical arguments and then making the necessary links with the theory of communication from Flusser. From this point the efforts get focus on research, witch for the thinker in question happens to be the game in its several dimensions, such as: anthropological, philosophical, existential, political esthetic and communicational. His theory of communication attached to the concept of game, Flusser wants to warn us of the deep aspect of the artificial construction from a reality preprogrammed present in all communication structures. An aspect of construction that revels the insignificance and lack of meaning established between man and nature, i.e., between subject and object. Given this worthless scenario we began to build valuable objects to support the weight of an existence absurd and doomed to solitude. We initiated a process we were never able to escape: game. An anthropological view of Flusser, we were thrown into an atmosphere limited by possibilities, pre-written in a closed program with encoded parameters; we fall on the floor and began to play against the nature looking down, to the floor - para que dela pudéssemos arrancar (abstract, subtract) something with meaning, that might make sense. Then we started the project. Design objects who position themselves as a grid under our feet, with the meaning of protecting us from the abyss of of ausência de fundamento that characterizes our existential situation since its origin. This is the meaning of the politics of fun that we stand for on this thesis. We intend to emphasize the limited and fundamentally dialogical nature of all human communication, isto é, the funny character present in every intentional relation of subject toward the object into the programmed universe / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo geral contribuir substancialmente com a área dos estudos da comunicação e da teoria da mídia através de reflexões teóricas acerca da comunicação humana como um processo lúdico: jogo. Para tanto, lançamos a tese de que, para o pensador tcheco-brasileiro Vilém Flusser (1920-1991), a questão central para o entendimento sobre a nossa comunicação só é possível se levada em conta a fundamental importância do conceito de jogo, especialmente em sua proposta de formulação de uma filosofia sobre a política da diversão em universo programado. Esta que, por sua vez, representa teoricamente a oportunidade de examinar os processos de comunicação como uma atividade divertida, dividida: diabólica. Em seu contexto específico procuramos realizar uma arqueologia do conceito de jogo, passando por argumentos filosóficos e antropológicos, para então, fazermos as relações necessárias com a teoria da comunicação de Flusser. A partir deste ponto os esforços se concentram na investigação do que, para o pensador em questão, vem a ser o jogo, em suas várias dimensões, a saber: antropológica, filosófica, existencial, política, estética e comunicológica. Com sua teoria da comunicação vinculada ao conceito de jogo, Flusser quer nos advertir do profundo aspecto de construção artificial de uma realidade préprogramada presente em todas as estruturas comunicacionais. Um aspecto de construção que se revela justamente a partir da relação de insignificância e de falta de sentido estabelecida entre homem e natureza, isto é, entre sujeito e objeto. Diante desse cenário sem valor, começamos, para suportar o peso de uma existência absurda e fadada à solidão, a construir objetos de valor. Iniciamos um processo e, destarte, nunca mais pudemos escapar: jogo. Na visão antropológica de Flusser, fomos jogados para dentro de ambiente limitado por possibilidades pré-escritas em programa fechado por parâmetros codificados; no chão caímos e passamos a nos jogar contra a natureza olhando para baixo, para o chão para que dela pudéssemos arrancar (abstrair, subtrair) algo que significasse, que pudesse dar sentido. Demos inicio, então, ao projeto. Projeto de objetos que se posicionam como rede sob nossos pés, com o sentido de nos proteger do abismo da ausência de fundamento que caracteriza a nossa situação existencial desde sua gênese. Este é o sentido da política da diversão que defendemos nesta tese e pretendemos, com isso, evidenciar a natureza fundamentalmente dialógica e limitada de toda comunicação humana, isto é, o caráter divertido presente em toda relação intencional do sujeito na direção do objeto dentro de universo programado

Nous avons entrepris, dans ce travail doctoral, une analyse stylistique du dialogue polémique, appliquée à un corpus littéraire à tendance philosophique : celui de l’œuvre philosophique de Voltaire. Nous avons accordé une attention particulière au style du polémiste aux dépens de ses idées philosophiques, maintes fois étudiées dans d’autres travaux. Le dialogue polémique dans l’œuvre philosophique de Voltaire n’est pas un simple procédé littéraire ; il constitue l’essence même de l’œuvre. La thèse comprend trois parties :L’analyse que nous avons effectuée dans la première partie de notre travail doctoral met avant tout l’accent sur la spécificité formelle du dialogue polémique et surtout sur sa nature conflictuelle, tout en examinant la manière dont il s’articule avec des genres littéraires divers et les différentes formes du discours qu’il revêt. La polémique s’engage quand les interlocuteurs admettent des thèses opposées et que chacun suppose que le discours adverse est mal déduit et fondé sur des faux raisonnements : distanciation et défense sont donc interdépendantes. C’est pour cette raison que nous avons entrepris, dans la deuxième partie de notre travail doctoral, une étude sur le fonctionnement de l’argumentation dans le dialogue polémique voltairien. Le détournement est une spécificité stylistique chez notre polémiste, qui dévoile sa présence constante dans ses écritures philosophiques. Dans ce sens, il nous a paru nécessaire d’étudier, dans la troisième partie de notre travail doctoral, le style détourné dans les œuvres philosophique de Voltaire tout en soulignant l'ambiguïté énonciative qui s’attache à ses différentes figures. / In this doctoral work, we have undertaken a stylistic analysis of polemical dialogue, applied to a literary corpus with a philosophical tendency: that of Voltaire's philosophical work. We have paid particular attention to the style of the polemicist at the expense of his philosophical ideas, often studied in other works. The polemical dialogue in Voltaire's philosophical work is not merely a literary process; It is the very essence of the work. The thesis consists of three parts:The analysis that we carried out in the first part of our doctoral work focuses above all on the formal specificity of polemical dialogue and especially on its conflictual nature, while examining the way it articulates with various literary genres And the different forms of discourse it assumes.Polemicism begins when the interlocutors admit opposing theses and each assumes that the opposing discourse is wrongly deduced and based on false reasoning: distancing and defense are therefore interdependent. For this reason, in the second part of our doctoral work, we undertook a study on the functioning of the argument in the Voltairian polemical dialogue.The diversion is a stylistic specificity in our polemicist, who reveals its constant presence in its philosophical writings. In this sense, it seemed necessary to study in the third part of our doctoral work the diverted style in Voltaire's philosophical works, while underlining the enunciative ambiguity attached to its various figures.

The Nevada State Juvenile Justice and School systems do not currently screen or treat juveniles for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Left untreated, PTSD may contribute to behaviors that can lead to engagement with the juvenile justice system and contribute to high rates of recidivism and possible future engagement with the adult justice system. Using Erickson's theory of psychological development as the foundation, the purpose of this case study was to explore whether, from the perspectives of key stakeholders whether interventions and prevention services for juvenile justice clients in Carson City met the needs of youthful offenders also diagnosed with PTSD. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 2 mental health counselors, 6 juvenile justice administrators, and 10 parents. Interviews were transcribed and then subjected to Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis procedure. The findings of the study revealed 2 primary findings. First, the juvenile justice system is adequate in terms of identifying youth with mental-health issues and referring to behavioral-health providers when appropriate. Staff, however, may not have adequate training to provide proper intervention when necessary. Second, service delivery by behavioral-health providers fails when health care providers do not accept feedback from stakeholders that may result in inconsistent intervention services. Recommendations to the juvenile justice system decision makers to adopt a validated risk and needs assessment tool to asses all youths' level of care and mental health status and treat youth with mental-health issues separately from other justice-involved youth may lead to improvements in intervention services thereby decreasing youths' involvement with the juvenile justice system.

Adults with mental illnesses are at an increased risk to be diagnosed with one or more comorbid physical illnesses compared to the general population. Much of the disparities faced by adults with serious mental illnesses (SMI) can be attributed to medication side effects, increased risk for metabolic diseases, inability to communicate about severity and monitor physical health symptoms, poor health behaviors, high rates of smoking, and poor quality health care. The rate of physical illnesses for adults with mental illnesses are even higher among those who have been involved with the criminal justice system. In order to understand the relationship between physical and mental illnesses, longitudinal study designs are needed. Longitudinal studies can provide greater understanding of the temporal relationship of physical and mental illnesses. Despite the benefits of longitudinal studies, there also are challenges, including missing data. The first manuscript of this dissertation explores the physical and mental health status of adults with mental illnesses. Secondary data were used from three different studies: a sample of adults with SMI enrolled in a mental health court jail diversion program (n=91); a sample of Medicaid enrollees with SMI in Florida (n=688) who were part of a larger Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) study; and a sample of inpatient and outpatient adults with SMI from five different study sites (n=969). The samples were combined into two data sets, consisting of the jail diversion sample and the SAMHSA sample, and the jail diversion sample and the 5-site sample. Participants in these samples answered questions on the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), recent arrests, drug and alcohol use, socio-demographic information, and mental illness symptom severity (measured only in the criminal justice and 5-site samples). Overall, the mental and physical health status scores were significantly lower for all of the participants compared to the general population mean scores. The participants reporting a recent arrest had a higher physical health score compared to those who did not have a recent arrest, and in the jail diversion and 5-site sample, had a lower mental health status score than those without a recent arrest. After taking age, drug and alcohol use, and psychiatric symptom severity into account, arrest was no longer associated with the physical health status score in either of the data sets. In the jail diversion and 5-site data set, arrest was still significantly associated with mental health status score after controlling for age, drug and alcohol use, and psychiatric symptom severity. The second manuscript of this dissertation explores the analysis of missing data in a longitudinal study to determine the missing data mechanisms and missing data patterns, and subsequently, how to prepare the data for analysis by using multiple imputation or maximum likelihood estimation. Secondary data were drawn from the same jail diversion sample as in the first manuscript. Data were collected at baseline, three months, six months, and nine months. Only participants with the potential to have data collected at these time points were included (n=50). Analysis revealed missing data due to missing item-level information, missing participant data at one time point but complete data at a subsequent time point, and missing participant data for those who dropped out of the study completely. The missing data mechanism for the missing item-level data were missing completely at random, whereas the participant-level missing data were missing at random. Multiple imputation was used for the item-level data and for the participant-level missing data. Maximum likelihood estimation was also used for the participant-level missing data and compared to the multiple imputation results. Findings suggest that multiple imputation produced more accurate parameter estimates, possibly due to the small sample size. The findings from this study indicate that more research needs to be done to fully understand the physical illnesses experienced by adults with mental illnesses who are involved with the criminal justice system. Understanding mental and physical illness comorbidity is important in public health as it dictates appropriate treatments and training for behavioral health practitioners and staff. In addition, missing data in longitudinal studies cannot be ignored, as it can bias the results, and appropriate techniques for exploring the missing data must be used. When missing data is ignored in analyses, the subsequent results can be incorrect and unable to detect treatment effects, thereby preventing effective programs from receiving necessary funding. In addition, ignoring missing data can impact funding for behavioral health services by underestimating the prevalence and severity of mental illnesses. Future research should focus on exploring how mental and physical health are related in adults with a recent arrest compared to the general population, and ways to integrate services to address both mental and physical health.

The thesis concentrates on measuring the benefits and losses of implementing regional trade agreements. In particular, the thesis analyses trade flow changes, foreign direct investment inflow changes, industrial total factor productivity changes and specific commodity trade flow changes in Australia and China. Four empirical studies are undertaken. Firstly, the thesis introduces the gravity model to estimate the effect of regional trade agreements on trade flow changes, focusing on thirty-nine countries and areas from seven regional trade agreements during 1980-2004. The results show that there are trade creation and trade diversion effects for various memberships. The results further show that China experiences an export creation effect for its APEC membership while Australia has an import diversion effect for its CER membership. When trade between Australia and China is considered, Australia's CER membership impedes its trade with China. However, both Australia and China benefit from attending APEC jointly to enlarge their bilateral trade. Secondly, a modified gravity model is undertaken to test the impact of regional trade agreements on foreign direct investment inflows to Australia and China. It uses the same regional trade agreements to that of the trade flow study for the period of 1980 to 2004 for Australia and 1985 to 2004 for China. The results show that CER members tend to strengthen their bilateral foreign direct investment cooperation after the implementation of CER trade and investment liberalization. Thirdly, the impact of regional trade agreements is examined on industrial total factor productivity growth. The findings show that industries with comparative trading advantages in both Australia and China tend to improve their total factor productivity upon liberalizing trade both bilaterally and multilaterally. However, industries with comparative disadvantages need more protection against severe foreign competition. It uses data from 1974-75 to 2004-05 for the Australian market sector analysis, from 1968-69 to 1990-2000 for the Australian manufacturing industry analysis, and from 1987 to 2003 for the Chinese industry analysis. Finally, the thesis investigates the impact of regional trade agreements on bilateral commodity trade between Australia and China from 1979 to 2004. A similar gravity model to that of the trade flow study is used, introducing an additional GDP per capita variable to capture the effect of increasing consumers' income on their consumption of particular goods and products type based on product and production characteristics. Both the one-digit and some detailed four-digit commodity classifications described in the Standard International Trade Classification are considered. The results show that participation in regional trade agreements is an important factor that affects Australia's major commodity trade with China. The major contribution of this thesis is the investigation of issues on trade flows and foreign direct investment specifically in Australia and China, together with the studies of the effect of regional trade agreements on industrial total factor productivity improvement and specific commodity trade changes. Due to the increasing pursuit of bilateral and regional economic cooperation in Australia and China, the results of this thesis are of particular importance to both countries in their foreign trade and economic strategies.

This Bachelor thesis investigates if the Swedish trade has faced trade diversion and or trade creation after entering the European Union (EU). This is done by analyzing Sweden’s trade pattern of goods before and during the membership using a selected time-period of 1985-2004. To be able to investigate if Sweden has faced trade diversion and trade creation we apply the Soloaga and Winters model (2000) which is based on the gravity model of trade and we modify it to fit our purpose. By using the modified version we run a pooled panel data regression where we divide the time-period into two groups, a before (1985-1994) and during (1995-2004) EU membership group and we included eight different variables to estimate trade diversion and creation. After running the pooled panel data, we could conclude that Sweden has faced 44 percent trade diversion by diverting its trade from non-members to member states in the EU. Sweden has also increased its trade to EU member states by 106 percent implying trade creation. However since we have not included an exchange rate variable these figure cannot be used as direct percentages to estimate trade diversion and creation, they are instead used as a point of reference. ii / Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker huruvida Sveriges handel har påverkats av handelsomfördelning och eller en handelsökning efter medlemskapet i den Europeiska Unionen (EU). Detta gör vi genom att analysera Sveriges handelstrend under 1985-2004. Till vår hjälp i vår undersökning av Sveriges handelsutveckling under de senaste 20 åren har vi använt Soloaga och Winters (2000) regressionsmodell som är baserad på gravitations modellen för handel men vi har modifierat den till att passa vårt syfte. Genom denna modifierade modell har vi gjort en poolad paneldata analys där vi delar upp vår tids period i två grupper, en före- och en under EU grupp och vi inkluderade åtta variabler i modellen. Sammanfattningsvis har vi kommit fram till att Sverige har påverkats av en 44 procentig handelsomfördelning då handeln har skiftat från icke medlemsstater till medlemsstater. Sverige har även ökat sin handel med EU länderna med 106 procent vilket pekar på att Sverige även har påverkats av en handelsökning. Dessa siffror måste dock ses som en utgångspunkt och inte exakta siffror för handelsomfördelning och handelsökning då vi ej inkluderat en variabel som mäter valutakurs förändringar i vår regressionsmodell

This bachelor thesis examines how the trade flow of Turkey would change if the country becomes a member in the EU. This is done by analysing the Turkish trade flow with the EU and ROW over the period 1995 – 2005. The main question is if trade creation and trade diversion occurs? The model used in this paper is a gravity model influenced by Soloaga and Winters (2000) gravity model. To be able to answer the purpose of this paper we used a crosssectional regression and base our analysis on our results. The conclusion of this paper is that Turkey’s trade flow with the EU will increase if full-membership is accomplished. This leads to trade diversion and trade creation towards the other members-states within EU. We see Turkey as the key to the door for Middle Eastern countries and the EU; this implies that if Turkey becomes a member-state in EU, the trade could increase between these two continents. / Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker huruvida Turkiets handelsflöde kan förändras av ett eventuellt Europeiskt medlemskap. Det är gjort genom att analysera Turkiets handelstrend under perioden 1995 – 2005. Huvudfrågan är huruvida handelsfördelning och handelsökning sker? Modellen som används i uppsatsen är en gravitations modell influerad av Soloaga och Winters (2000) gravitations modell. För att kunna besvara syftet i uppsatsen har vi använt oss av en tvärsnittsregression och baserat analysen på resultaten. Sammanfattningsvis ser man att Turkiets handelsflöde med EU ökar av ett eventuellt medlemskap i EU. Detta leder till handelsökning samt handelsfördelning gentemot nuvarande medlemmar. Vi anser även att Turkiet är nyckeln Mellanöstern samt EU, vilket innebär att fullt medlemskap ökar handeln mellan dessa två kontinenter.