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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
231

Recherche de gènes et de molécules freinant la dégénérescence musculaire chez deux modèles animaux de la myopathie de Duchenne, Cænorhabditis elegans et la souris mdx.

Carre-Pierrat, Maïté 13 November 2006 (has links) (PDF)
La myopathie de Duchenne se caractérise principalement par une forte dégénérescence musculaire, due à l'absence de la dystrophine. La fonction de la dystrophine et les causes de la dégénérescence musculaire qui survient en son absence ne sont pas connues. <br />J'ai combiné des études chez les modèles animaux Cænorhabditis elegans et souris de cette maladie, afin d'essayer d'élucider les mécanismes de la dégénérescence musculaire.<br />Nous avons montré que le canal potassium SLO-1 et l'homologue de la syntrophine, STN-1, sont fonctionnellement reliés à l‘homologue de la dystrophine de C. elegans, DYS-1. Nous avons entrepris le crible du génome entier de C. elegans à la recherche de gènes supprimant la dégénérescence musculaire. Au cours de ce crible, nous avons montré que la voie de la dégradation protéique ainsi que plusieurs protéines kinases sont impliqués dans la dégénérescence musculaire. En parallèle, j'ai participé à la recherche de molécules actives sur la dégénérescence musculaire de C. elegans, puis chez la souris mdx. Nous avons notamment confirmé chez la souris mdx l'effet bénéfique de l'activation de la voie sérotoninergique.
232

Les cellules souches dérivées du muscle (MDSC) isolement dans deux modèles gros animaux et évaluation comme candidates à la thérapie de la Dystrophie Musculaire de Duchenne (DMD) /

Fornasari, Benoît Chérel, Yan. Rouger, Karl. January 2008 (has links)
Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Biologie, Médecine, Santé. Aspects moléculaires et cellulaires de la biologie : Nantes : 2008. / Bibliogr.
233

Analysis of DMD translocations

Cockburn, David James January 1991 (has links)
Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD, BMD) are allelic X-linked diseases which affect approximately one in 3500 male newborns. They are caused by mutations in a gene positioned on the short arm of the X chromosome at Xp21. The first indication of the location of this gene was the description of rare females expressing DMD and who were found to have constitutional X;autosome translocations with an X chromosome breakpoint at this site. There are now 24 such females known worldwide. They express DMD as a consequence of preferential inactivation of the normal X chromosome. In order to contribute to the understanding of the aetiology of mutations causing DMD and the aetiology of constitutional translocations, two types of study have been performed here. Firstly, the detailed mapping of the X chromosome breakpoints of DMD-associated X;autosome translocations has been investigated. The results of this study have been compared with data on the physical distribution of mutations causing DMD in male patients. Secondly, one translocation, an X;l translocation with an autosomal breakpoint at Ip34, has been selected for more detailed investigation and the DNA sequence has been determined at the site of the rearrangement. Translocation breakpoint mapping studies were performed by somatic cell hybrid analysis. Hybrids were karyotyped and this information was used to construct a hybrid panel for the purpose of determining the autosomal localisations of anonymous DNA probes. The mapping of seven probes using this panel is described. The work described in this thesis revealed that the distribution of translocation breakpoints within the DMD gene appears to be random and may differ from the distribution of mutations in male patients. The X;l translocation whose breakpoints are cloned and sequenced was found to involve two expressed loci, one coding for dystrophin on the X chromosome and one for the leukocyte antigen related protein on chromosome 1. Sequence data revealed that a deletion of four to seven nucleotides from the X chromosome and a duplication of two to five nucleotides are associated with the translocation. The possible involvement of trinucleotides adjacent to the breakpoints, and of a LINE, a SINE and a stretch of potential Z-DNA within 1 kb of the X chromosome or the chromosome 1 breakpoint, is discussed.
234

Cardiac calcium handling in the mouse model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Woolf, Peter James January 2003 (has links)
The dystrophinopathies are a group of disorders characterised by cellular absence of the membrane stabilising protein, dystrophin. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most severe disorder clinically. The deficiency of dystrophin, in the muscular dystrophy X-linked (mdx) mouse causes an elevation in intracellular calcium in cardiac myocytes. Potential mechanisms contributing to increased calcium include enhanced influx, sarcoplasmic reticular calcium release and\or reduced sequestration or sarcolemmal efflux. This dissertation examined the potential mechanisms that may contribute to an intracellular calcium overload in a murine model of muscular dystrophy. The general cardiomyopathy of the mdx myocardium was evident, with the left atria from mdx consistently producing less force than control atria. This was associated with delayed relaxation. The role of the L-type calcium channels mediating influx was initially investigated. Dihydropyridines had a lower potency in contracting left atria corresponding to a redued dihydropyridine receptor affinity in radioligand binding studies of mdx ventricular homogenates (P<0.05). This was associated with increased ventricular dihydropyridine receptor protein and mRNA levels (P<0.05). The function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in terms of release and also sequestration of calcium via the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum ATPase were investigated. A lower force of contraction was evident in mdx left atria in response to a range of stimulation frequencies (P<0.05) and concentrations of extracellular calcium (P<0.05). However, in the presence of 1 nM Ryanodine to block sarcoplasmic reticular calcium release, increased stimulation frequency caused similar forces to those obtained in control mice suggesting enhanced calcium influx via L-type calcium channels in mdx. Rapid cooling contractures showed a reduced contracture in mdx compared to control in response to cooling. This suggests some dysfunction in SR storage, which may be associated with the delayed relaxation time. Concentration-response curves to inhibitors of the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum showed no difference in function of the enzyme responsible for calcium uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Although sarco-endoplasmic reticulum ATPase mRNA was upregulated, no functional benefit was evident. This study indicates that a deficiency of dystrophin leads to upregulation of L-type calcium channels that contribute to increased calcium influx, with no functional change in sarcoplasmic reticular sequestration. Upregulation of the influx pathway is a potential mechanism for the calcium overload observed in mdx cardiac muscle.
235

Functional ability in non-ambulatory people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy or spinal muscular atrophy assessed with the EK scale /

Steffensen, Birgit F., January 2002 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
236

Impaired metabolism in X-linked muscular dystrophy experimental evaluation of potential therapies to improve calcium regulation, bioenergetics and muscle architecture /

Rybalka, Emma. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Victoria University (Melbourne, Vic.), 2007.
237

Analyses of alpha-dystrobrevin-null mice implicate Niemann-Pick C1 in muscular dystrophy /

Steen, Michelle Sabrina. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-156).
238

Criação de um questionário de conhecimento em Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (Muscular Dystrophy Knowledge Questionnaire) - DDMKQ / Creating a knowledge quiz in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (Duchenne Dystrophy Muscular Knowledge Questionnaire) uDDMKQ

Klein, Adriana Nathalie [UNIFESP] January 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-06T23:45:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012 / Introdução: Pacientes com distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) apresentam durante a evolucao natural da doenca dificuldades fisicas e funcionais progressivas. Ha dependencia de um cuidador, que geralmente e um familiar proximo. Todas as decisoes referentes a complexa rotina de tratamento e enfrentamento da doenca devem ser assumidas por esses familiares, por isso processos educativos sao importantes para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a doenca em suas diversas fases. Avaliar o grau de conhecimento dos familiares perante a doenca DMD pode ser uma boa estrategia para identificar os individuos que necessitem especialmente de intervencoes educacionais, aumentando a aderencia, e efetividade do tratamento e ainda podem contribuir para avaliar a efetividade dos programas de orientacao especificos da equipe interdisciplinar. Objetivo: Elaborar um questionario de conhecimento sobre distrofia muscular de Duchenne para familiares. Metodo: Foram entrevistados neste estudo 14 profissionais envolvidos no atendimento de pacientes com DMD (G1), 13 maes de pacientes com DMD (G2) e 10 pacientes com DMD (G3). O G1 recebeu uma pergunta aberta sobre quais informacoes da doenca DMD e seus tratamentos os familiares e pacientes de DMD deveriam ter acerca da doenca. Os G2 e G3 foram estimulados a relatar todo o conhecimento que possuem sobre DMD e seus tratamentos. Todos os discursos foram transcritos e organizados de acordo com quatro categorias pre-estabelecidas para elaboracao do conteudo do questionario: Genetica, Fisiopatologia, Tratamento e Atividades de vida pratica (AVP´s). Utilizou-se a tecnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSCÆs) para a analise dos dados, extrairam-se as expressoes chaves, as ideias centrais de cada grupo, em cada categoria e montaram-se os DSCÆs, tornando possivel a elaboracao das questoes. Resultados: Foram encontradas diferencas nos DSC´s dos tres grupos, que podem ser relacionados as caracteristicas sociodemograficas e nas diferencas da logica tecnico cientifica dos profissionais da area da Saúde e a logica da percepcao do senso comum da populacao alvo (familiares de paciente com DMD e pacientes com DMD). Elaboraram-se dez questoes de multipla escolha (duas questoes sobre genetica, tres sobre fisiopatologia, quatro sobre tratamento e uma sobre AVP´s). Conclusoes: O questionario de conhecimento sobre distrofia muscular de Duchenne foi elaborado e podera ser uma ferramenta de odialogo mensuravelo do nivel de informacoes pre-adquiridas por familiares de pacientes com DMD, fornecendo dados que poderao ser interpretados pela equipe envolvida, favorecendo estrategias de enfrentamento da doenca e promovendo maior aderencia ao tratamento proposto nas diversas fases da doenca. Necessita ser validado / Introduction: Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in the disease natural evolution present functional and progressive physical difficulties. Dependence on the caregiver is observed who usually is a close family member. All decisions to face the complex routine of therapy must be handled by these family members, so educational processes are important to increase disease awareness on the disease in its various phases. To assess the family’s degree of knowledge related to the DMD disease can be a good strategy to identify individuals who specially need educational interventions, increasing patient adherence, effectiveness of treatment and contributing to assess effectiveness of specific orientation programs of an interdisciplinary team. Objective: to develop a questionnaire to obtain the knowledge about Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Methodology: this study interviewed fourteen professionals involved in the care of patients with DMD (G1), thirteen mothers of patients with DMD (G2) and ten patients with DMD (G3). The G1 received an open question about what information family members and patients must know about the DMD disease and its treatment. The G2 and G3 were also encouraged to report all the knowledge they have about DMD and its treatment. All the answers were transcribed and organized according to four pre-established categories to elaborate the questionnaire content: Genetics, Pathophysiology, Treatment and Practical Life Activities. For data analysis, the technique of Collective Subject Discourse (DSCs) was used and key expressions, central ideas of each group, in each category, were obtained to elaborate the DSCs allowing performing the questions. Results: differences in DSCs were found in the three groups that can be related to sociodemographic characteristics and in the differences regarding scientific technical logic of healthcare professionals and the common sense perception of the target population (DMD patient’s family members and patients with DMD). Ten multiplechoice questions (two questions on genetics, three on Pathophysiology, four on treatment and one on practical life activities). Conclusions: the questionnaire on the knowledge about Duchenne muscular dystrophy was elaborated and it was built to be a tool of "measurable dialog" regarding prior information of the DMD patient’s family members, providing data that can be interpreted by the team involved, favoring strategies to deal with the disease and promoting greater adherence to the treatment proposed in the various stages of the disease. The questionnaire has to be validated. / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
239

Avaliação clínica e da qualidade de vida de indivíduos com distrofia muscular progressiva

Rocha, Vera Lúcia dos Santos 15 December 2011 (has links)
Submitted by Barroso Patrícia (barroso.p2010@gmail.com) on 2014-07-25T14:24:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_vera_versao_FINAL_karla.pdf: 2026265 bytes, checksum: fb3caeace2da6f925b573adef288e880 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-25T14:24:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_vera_versao_FINAL_karla.pdf: 2026265 bytes, checksum: fb3caeace2da6f925b573adef288e880 (MD5) / As distrofias musculares de Duchenne e Becker são as formas mais comuns de distrofia muscular progressiva, caracterizadas por uma grave, progressiva e irreversível degeneração da musculatura esquelética, sendo a forma Becker mais branda e de evolução mais tardia. Apresentam um padrão de herança autossômica recessiva ligada ao cromossomo X. As manifestações clínicas da forma Duchenne iniciam-se na infância, evoluem com perda da deambulação em torno dos doze anos de idade, com acometimento das funções cardíaca e pulmonar, ocorrendo o óbito geralmente após os vinte anos de idade. Objetivos – Analisar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com distrofia muscular progressiva através do questionário WHOQOL abreviado e descrever a situação clínica, diagnóstica e terapêutica de pacientes com distrofia muscular progressiva no estado da Bahia. Metodologia – Realizou-se uma busca ativa de prontuários dos pacientes atendidos em um centro de referência para pessoas com deficiência no estado da Bahia e da demanda espontânea de pacientes que chegaram ao serviço durante o estudo. Foram efetuadasavaliação clínica dos pacientes e aplicação do questionário de qualidade de vida WHOQOL abreviado. Resultados – Foram avaliados 21 pacientes com história clínica e exames indicativos de distrofia muscular progressiva. A idade dos indivíduos, no momento de inclusão no estudo, variou de 6 a 23 anos. A idade de diagnóstico variou de 0,1 a 13,3 anos. A perda da deambulação com consequente uso da cadeira de rodas foi observada em 9 pacientes (42,8%). Oito pacientes (38,1%) estavam em uso de corticoide. História familiar de distrofia muscular estava presente em 12 pacientes (57,1%). Em todos os domínios do questionário WHOQOL abreviado, houve associação inversa entre QV e idade de início dos sintomas, sendo mais evidente no domínio de relações sociais (r=-74,8). Conclusões – Verificou-se que, quanto mais tardio o início da doença, pior a qualidade de vida do paciente com distrofia muscular progressiva. A perda da marcha foi um fator consistente na piora da qualidade de vida em todos os domínios analisados. Observou-se uma demora no diagnóstico de pacientes com distrofia muscular progressiva dentre os indivíduos estudados. Nesse grupo de pacientes, observou-se que o diagnóstico foi predominantemente clínico, seguido da dosagem sérica de CPK.
240

A??o da suplementa??o com ?cido asc?rbico na morfologia do mioc?rdio de camundongos mdx

Oliveira, Mar?lia Fabiana Pimentel de 21 December 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-27T17:37:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariliaFabianaPimentelDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 9036145 bytes, checksum: c9e3dc45b1d37effc6cedb07b64cb9e9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monica Paiva (monicalpaiva@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-27T17:43:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MariliaFabianaPimentelDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 9036145 bytes, checksum: c9e3dc45b1d37effc6cedb07b64cb9e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-27T17:43:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariliaFabianaPimentelDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 9036145 bytes, checksum: c9e3dc45b1d37effc6cedb07b64cb9e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-21 / A Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) ? uma doen?a de origem gen?tica recessiva ligada ao cromossomo X caracterizada pela aus?ncia da distrofina, que induz a fibrose e necrose muscular devido ao estresse oxidativo. No cora??o, estas les?es podem levar ? insufici?ncia card?aca e a morte. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos do estresse oxidativo identificado pela express?o da cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) na morfologia do tecido card?aco de camundongos mdx, bem como os efeitos do ?cido asc?rbico (AA) sobre estes par?metros. Foram utilizados 60 camundongos machos, sendo 30 C57BL/10 e 30 C57BL/10Mdx separados em seis grupos de acordo com a idade e tratamento (n=10/grupo): controle com 30 dias de idade (C30); distr?fico com 30 dias de idade (D30); controle com 60 dias de idade (C60); distr?fico com 60 dias de idade (D60); controle com 60 dias de idade suplementados com AA (CS60); e distr?fico com 60 dias de idade suplementados com AA (DS60). As amostras de tecido card?acos foram corados pelas t?cnicas de Tricr?mico de Masson, Picrosirius red sob luz polarizada e Imunohistoqu?mica da COX-2. Os resultados demonstraram aumento de fibras col?genas em D30 e diminui??o na ?rea ocupada por cardiomi?citos em D60. A express?o da enzima COX-2 foi maior nos grupos C30, D30 e D60 indicando, provavelmente, em C30 um processo de desenvolvimento celular e, em animais distr?ficos, aumento do estresse oxidativo que levaram ? fibrose. A suplementa??o com AA preveniu a perda muscular em DS60 em rela??o ao D60, bem como diminui??o da fibrose e da express?o de COX-2 em DS60, comprovando a a??o protetora do AA no cora??o de camundongos mdx. / A Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) ? uma doen?a de origem gen?tica recessiva ligada ao cromossomo X caracterizada pela aus?ncia da distrofina, que induz a fibrose e necrose muscular devido ao estresse oxidativo. No cora??o, estas les?es podem levar ? insufici?ncia card?aca e a morte. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos do estresse oxidativo identificado pela express?o da cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) na morfologia do tecido card?aco de camundongos mdx, bem como os efeitos do ?cido asc?rbico (AA) sobre estes par?metros. Foram utilizados 60 camundongos machos, sendo 30 C57BL/10 e 30 C57BL/10Mdx separados em seis grupos de acordo com a idade e tratamento (n=10/grupo): controle com 30 dias de idade (C30); distr?fico com 30 dias de idade (D30); controle com 60 dias de idade (C60); distr?fico com 60 dias de idade (D60); controle com 60 dias de idade suplementados com AA (CS60); e distr?fico com 60 dias de idade suplementados com AA (DS60). As amostras de tecido card?acos foram corados pelas t?cnicas de Tricr?mico de Masson, Picrosirius red sob luz polarizada e Imunohistoqu?mica da COX-2. Os resultados demonstraram aumento de fibras col?genas em D30 e diminui??o na ?rea ocupada por cardiomi?citos em D60. A express?o da enzima COX-2 foi maior nos grupos C30, D30 e D60 indicando, provavelmente, em C30 um processo de desenvolvimento celular e, em animais distr?ficos, aumento do estresse oxidativo que levaram ? fibrose. A suplementa??o com AA preveniu a perda muscular em DS60 em rela??o ao D60, bem como diminui??o da fibrose e da express?o de COX-2 em DS60, comprovando a a??o protetora do AA no cora??o de camundongos mdx.

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