Fostrets rörelser kan vara en indikator på den intrauterina miljön, där avtagande fosterrörelser kan tyda på att moderkakan inte fungerar optimalt. När fostret får för lite syre och näring spar fostret energi genom att röra sig mindre. Det finns olika räknemetoder för att registrera fosterrörelser. Metoderna har utvecklats för att identifiera ett foster som är under risk, där förlossningen måste tidigareläggas för att rädda barnets liv. Evidens för räknemetodernas effektivitet diskuteras i en pågående internationell diskurs. Mindfetalness är en ny metod för att observera fostrets rörelser, där fokus är att registrera rörelsernas styrka, kvalité och karaktär utan att räkna varje enskild rörelse.   Syftet var att undersöka barnmorskors upplevelse av att arbeta med Mindfetalness på barnmorskemottagning.   I december 2017 genomfördes en datainsamling, med hjälp av ett webb-baserat frågeformulär, till barnmorskor som arbetar på en mottagning som lottats att dela ut en broschyr till gravida kvinnor. Svaren analyserades med hjälp av en innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats.   Majoriteten av barnmorskorna upplevde att broschyren var lätthanterlig, stödjande och den kompletterade deras muntliga information om fosterrörelser. Barnmorskorna upplevde att kvinnorna var nöjda och kände sig trygga med att få broschyren. I några få fall upplevde barnmorskorna att kvinnorna blev oroliga. Barnmorskorna förmedlade att informationen om Mindfetalness underlättade kvinnornas anknytning till sitt ofödda barn. Att informera om fosterrörelser var enligt barnmorskorna svårt men samtidigt viktigt och betydelsefullt.   Mindfetalness kan vara en lämplig metod för barnmorskor att använda då de informerar och samtalar om fostrets rörelser med gravida kvinnor. Fler studier behövs om metodens effektivitet avseende att identifiera foster under risk. / Fetal movements can be an indicator of the intrauterine environment, where reduced fetal movements may interpret a placenta deficiency. When a shortage of oxygen and nutrition occurs the fetus saves energy by moving less frequently. There are a variety of methods for recording fetal movements. The methods have been created to identify a fetus at risk and the delivery might be put in advance to save the fetus’s life. There is an on-going international discussion whether the counting methods carries enough evidence. Mindfetalness is a new method to observe fetal movements, where the main focus is to record the strength, quality and characteristic of the movements without counting each and every movement.   The purpose was to observe midwives experience working with Mindfetalness at midwifery clinics.   In December 2017 data collection was conducted via a web-based questionnaire including midwives practicing at antenatal clinics, which were randomized to hand out brochures to pregnant women. The responses were analysed based on a content analysis with inductive approaches.   A majority of the midwives experienced the brochure manageable, supporting and complemented the verbal information about fetal movements. The midwives experienced that the women perceived satisfaction and felt secure receiving the brochure. A few women experienced anxiety according to the midwives. The midwives conveyed the information of Mindfetalness facilitate the women’s attachment to their unborn child. To inform about fetal movements was according to the midwives difficult but at same time important and meaningful.   Mindfetalness can be an appropriate method for midwives when informing and talking about fetal movements to pregnant women. Further research focused on the methods efficacy to identify a fetus at risk is necessary.

Police officers with patrolling duties are exposed to physically demanding situations on a regular basis, which puts a high demand on their physical abilities and condition. Police officers are regularly forced to make quick decisions in complex tactical situations which in some cases mean physical confrontation. Throughout the procedure to become a Swedish Police Officer, there are tests that measure the physical condition of future police officers from the day they are recruited, until they leave the school. Then, however, the testing stops. Therefore, the majority of the physical training throughout the career of a police officer is carried out on their own initiative, and in their spare time. But what do the individual officers think about their physical condition and resilience in relation to everyday work? Studies have shown that police officers who often think about the risk of being injured during interventions, or the dangers associated with their work, experience more stress than other police officers. The knowledge on how to increase the safety and security for police officers in situations where violence may occur, which should contribute to greater room for action in situations is scarce. The aim of the present investigation is to increase our understanding and fill a knowledge gap for the police officers resilience in with regards to physical confrontation on duty within the Swedish Police conflict management training program (POLKON). The studie is based on a qualitative method using semi-structured interviews among Swedish police officers. The respondents have answered questions regarding their view on physical sustainability in relation to their work. Thematic analysis has been conducted and a number of themes have been generated which will be presented.

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What do we owe to our loved ones? What is the status of these requirements? How do we reconcile them with other requirements? Are we allowed to buy our child an expensive car when that money could save countless strangers overseas? What exactly does morality demand of us? / My thesis defends an account of partiality justified in terms of relationships. I develop the view that relationships are inextricably linked to wellbeing, and I defend the idea that morality must be concerned with our wellbeing. I try to make sense of this account of partiality with the idea that morality carries a requirement of impartiality. If wellbeing is an important part of morally right actions, and if acting in accordance with reasons of partiality (qua relationships) sometimes promotes wellbeing better than impartiality, then some reasons of partiality lead to morally right actions. Minimally, I argue that for why a strictly impartial (or, on the other extreme, a strictly partial) theory does not work. Both reasons (of partiality and impartiality) must be taken into account and carefully calibrated. More ambitiously, I argue for why partiality deserves its own place at the table in normative ethical theorizing. This is not to say that partiality always leads to right action, rather the suggestion is that there are some forms of partiality (found within relationships) which morality requires. / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy / Some forms of partiality seem clearly wrong, like racial bias or nepotism; in such cases, it is better to consider our reasons to be impartial, which seem to lead to more fairness or equality. Still, there seem to be other forms of partiality which are clearly right, like the love and care a parent has for their child; in these cases, considering our reasons to be impartial seem like (to quote Bernard Williams), “one thought too many.” This thesis tries fit reasons of partiality and reasons of impartiality together, and argues for a view of (moral) partiality grounded in relationships.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danielle Monteiro Prezia Aniceto.pdf: 983246 bytes, checksum: a4f30bca9571ea919276e50094b9f939 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-11 / The present dissertation deal with the execution of legal duties to do or not do something against State, which is denoted, into the procedure, of Public Treasury . The legal alterations promoted in the Civil Procedural Code and in the corresponding law, after the promulgation of the Brazilian Federal Constitucional, known by procedural reforms, resulted in a real transformation of the execution action and reflect the change of values and principles, deserving attention the principle of effectiveness, that overcame the principle of juridical security, which was excessively valuated. This orientation by the principle of effectiveness hits the others execution primary principles and creates new principles, that live on, nowadays, in the civil procedural system, with the traditional principles. The execution of legal duties to do or not to do something was especially hited by this new vision, overcoming the classic principle that supported the compensable protection (nemo praecise potest cogi ad factum), replaced by the specific protection. To concrete it, the brazilian juridical order have available various measures, to enforce the debtor to accomplish the obligation. The study discuss the possibility to impose sanctions against State, despite the juridical rule that the Public Administration are devoted to. This work discuss, then, by the study of the actual doctrine and jurisprudence, the acceptance of the imposition of enforceable measures against the Public Administration, such as fine, jail time, judicial intervention and the blockade of public grant / A presente dissertação trata da tutela jurisdicional executiva das obrigações de fazer e não fazer outorgada em face de pessoas jurídicas de direito público, as quais são designadas, dentro do processo, de Fazenda Pública . As alterações legais, promovidas no Código de Processo Civil e na legislação correlata, depois da promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, conhecidas como reformas processuais, resultaram em verdadeira transformação desta forma de tutela jurisdicional e refletem a mudança de valores e princípios que passaram a norteá-la, com destaque para o princípio da efetividade, que se sobrepôs ao princípio da segurança jurídica, antes valorizado em demasia. Essa orientação pelo princípio da efetividade afeta os demais princípios fundamentais da execução e dá origem a novos princípios, que atualmente convivem, no sistema processual civil, com seus princípios tradicionais. A tutela das obrigações de fazer e não fazer foi especialmente atingida por essa nova visão, ocorrendo a superação do princípio clássico que dava suporte à tutela ressarcitória (nemo praecise potest cogi ad factum), que cedeu lugar à tutela específica. Para concretizá-la, o nosso ordenamento prevê diversos meios, coercitivos e sub-rogatórios, que, dado o regime jurídico ao qual se submetem as pessoas jurídicas de direito público, em especial quanto a seus bens, questiona-se sobre a possibilidade do seu emprego contra elas. Discute-se, assim, a partir da análise da doutrina e da jurisprudência atual, o cabimento de medidas executivas contra a Fazenda Pública, como a multa diária, a prisão civil, a prisão penal, a intervenção judicial e o bloqueio de verbas públicas

This dissertation envisages the investigation and determination of the possible correlation between the two phenomena, state custodianship and trusteeship with specific reference to land trusts. Custodianship, as captured in the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Management Act 28 of 2002, and trusteeship, as embodied in the South African Development Trust legislation, being the Native Trust and Land Act 18 of 1936; the Ingonyama Trust Act 3 of 1994 as enacted by the KwaZulu Legislature on the 24th of April 1994, amended with the status of a national Act (provincial Act) in 1997, and re-enacted [by the RSA Parliament] as the KwaZulu-Natal Ingonyama Trust Act 3 of 1994, and the National Water Act 54 of 1956, all confer upon a certain body, the fiduciary obligation to hold, protect and manage certain resources in the interest of a particular designated group of people. The objective of this study is, therefore, to analyse the trust notion as it functioned in terms of the SADT legislation, ITA and the NWA, and compare it to the novel concept of custodianship as it emanates from the MPRDA in order to determine the inherent similarities and differences as well as the implications thereof. This will assist in determining the true nature and impact of the notion of state custodianship as introduced by the MPRDA. / LLM (Estate Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

This dissertation envisages the investigation and determination of the possible correlation between the two phenomena, state custodianship and trusteeship with specific reference to land trusts. Custodianship, as captured in the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Management Act 28 of 2002, and trusteeship, as embodied in the South African Development Trust legislation, being the Native Trust and Land Act 18 of 1936; the Ingonyama Trust Act 3 of 1994 as enacted by the KwaZulu Legislature on the 24th of April 1994, amended with the status of a national Act (provincial Act) in 1997, and re-enacted [by the RSA Parliament] as the KwaZulu-Natal Ingonyama Trust Act 3 of 1994, and the National Water Act 54 of 1956, all confer upon a certain body, the fiduciary obligation to hold, protect and manage certain resources in the interest of a particular designated group of people. The objective of this study is, therefore, to analyse the trust notion as it functioned in terms of the SADT legislation, ITA and the NWA, and compare it to the novel concept of custodianship as it emanates from the MPRDA in order to determine the inherent similarities and differences as well as the implications thereof. This will assist in determining the true nature and impact of the notion of state custodianship as introduced by the MPRDA. / LLM (Estate Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

La relation médicale est en permanente mutation du fait des évolutions techniques ou des changements de mentalité. La charte des droits de la personne hospitalisée a reconnu des droits aux patients qui deviennent alors des partenaires incontournables de la relation médicale prenant un rôle de plus en plus actif. Ces droits ont profondément marqué les esprits des professionnels de santé qui se sentent stigmatisés par une société de consommation et de preuve. La relation de confiance perd de son intérêt au profit de l'information, du recueil du consentement, du respect de la dignité et de la confidentialité. Parler d'obligations et de devoirs n'est pas anodin. Ce concept a un double intérêt vu le contexte et les enjeux de notre société et il pourrait trouver tout naturellement une application dans le domaine sanitaire, notamment lors d'une hospitalisation. La réelle question est de savoir s'il existe, dans ce dernier cas, des obligations et des devoirs à la charge de la personne hospitalisée. Une première approche permettra de rechercher des éléments de réponse alors qu'une seconde approche aura pour but de recenser les obligations avec leurs sanctions éventuelles. Mettre en parallèle les droits et les obligations des personnes hospitalisées devrait permettre de relier enfin le praticien au patient, d'équilibrer la relation et reconnaître ainsi un contre poids aux droits, un complément et non un opposant à la Charte. Faut-il encore que ces obligations soient connues… / Medical relation is in permanent mutation due to technical evolutions or mentality changes. Patients have been awarded rights by the Charter of hospitalized people's rights that make them major partners in the medical relation taking a more and more active role. These rights have profoundly marked the minds of health professionals who feel stigmatized by a consumption and proof society. The trust relation loses its interest for the benefit of information, obtaining consent, dignity's respect and confidentiality. Talking about obligations and duties is not insignificant. This concept has a dual interest in view of the context and the stakes of our society and it could naturally find a scope in the sanitarian field, especially during hospitalization. The real question is to know if, in the latter case, obligations and duties dependent on the hospitalized people exist. A first approach will permit to search for answers, while a second approach will try to list obligations and their possible penalties. To draw a parallel between the rights and obligations of hospitalized people should finally permit to link practitioner and patient, to balance the relation and so to acknowledge a counterbalance to the rights, a complement not an opponent to the Charter. Still, these obligations have to be known...

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Summary: The reason for choosing the topic of my thesis was primarily the popularity of a Limited Liability Company as a form of a corporation suitable especially for small and medium-sized undertakings and practical usability of the knowledge about this issue. During their life businessmen and other legal persons encounter the form of Limited Liability Company almost daily and they participate very often in its business with a prospect of profit. This is why the knowledge about the rights and duties as of a member of the Limited Liability Company is very important and helpful. The main object of this thesis is to focus on a broader description of members' legal position concerning their membership in the Limited Liability Company. Even though each right and duty is described in a separate chapter they need to be understood in their mutual coherence as a complex. My research begins with a general characteristic of a business corporation as a product of commercial law and a general description of the nature and specifics of the Limited Liability Company within the Czech legal order. The merit of this thesis is to analyze each right and duty of the member in detail. These are further divided into proprietary and non-proprietary rights and duties. Nevertheless, such a distinction cannot be always strict....