Fundamental understanding of high strain rate deformation behavior of materials is critical in designing new alloys for wide-ranging applications including military, automobile, spacecraft, and industrial applications. High entropy alloys, consisting of multiple elements in (near) equimolar proportions, represent a new paradigm in structural alloy design providing ample opportunity for achieving excellent performance in high strain rate applications by proper selection of constituent elements and/or thermomechanical processing. This dissertation is focused on fundamental understanding of high strain-rate deformation behavior of several high entropy alloy systems with widely varying microstructures. Ballistic impact testing of face centered cubic Al0.1CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy showed failure by ductile hole growth. The deformed microstructure showed extensive micro-banding and micro-twinning at low velocities while adiabatic shear bands and dynamic recrystallization were seen at higher velocities. The Al0.7CoCrFeNi and AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high entropy alloys, with BCC and FCC phases in lamellar morphology, showed failure by discing. A network of cracks coupled with small and inhomogeneous plastic deformation led to the brittle mode of failure in these eutectic alloys. Phase-specific mechanical behavior using small-scale techniques revealed higher strength and strain rate sensitivity for the B2 phase compared to the L12 phase. The interphase boundary demonstrated good stability without any cracks at high compressive strain rates. The Al0.3CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy with bimodal microstructure demonstrated an excellent combination of strength and ductility. Ballistic impact testing of Al0.3CoCrFeNi alloy showed failure by ductile hole growth and demonstrated superior performance compared to all the other high entropy alloy systems studied. The failure mechanism was dominated by micro-banding, micro-twining, and adiabatic shear localization. Comparison of all the high entropy alloy systems with currently used state-of-the-art rolled homogenous armor (RHA) steel showed a strong dependence of failure modes on microstructural features.

To maintain solvency intimes of severe economic downturns banks and financialinstitutions keep capital cushions that reflect the risks in the balance sheet.Broadly,how much capital that is being held is a combination of external requirementsfromregulators and internal assessments of credit risk. We discuss alternatives totheBasel Pillar II capital add-on based on multi-factor models for held capitaland howthese can be applied so that only concentration (or sector) risk affects theoutcome,even in a portfolio with prominent idiosyncratic risk. Further, the stabilityandreliability of these models are evaluated. We found that this idiosyncraticrisk canefficiently be removed both on a sector and a portfolio level and that themulti-factormodels tested converge.We introduce two new indices based on Risk Weighted Assets (RI) and EconomicCapital (EI). Both show the desired effect of an intuitive dependence on the PDand LGD. Moreover, EI shows a dependence on the inter-sector correlation. Inthesample portfolio, we show that the high concentration in one sector could be(better)justified by these methods when the low average LGD and PD of this sector weretaken into consideration. / För att behålla solvens itider av svår lågkonjunktur håller banker och finansiellainstitutioner buffertar med kapital som reflekterar risken i balansräkningen. Istoradrag så är mängden kapital som hålls beroende av en kombination av externa kravfrån regulatorer och interna uppskattningar av kredit risken. Den häravhandlingendiskuterar alternativ till Basel pelare II kapital påslaget som är baserade påmulti-faktor modeller för kapital och hur dessa kan appliceras så att endastkoncentration(eller sektor) risk påverkar resultat, även i en portfölj med tydligidiosynkratiskrisk. Utöver detta behandlas stabilitet och reliabilitet hos dessa modeller.Genomdetta hittas att den idiosynkratisk risk kan effektivt tas bort på bådeportfölj- ochsektornivå och att de multifaktor modeller som testas konvergerar.Den här avhandlingen introducerar två nya index, baserat på Risk WeightedAssets(RI) och Economic Capital (EI). Båda visar på den önskade effekten av ettintuitivtberoende av PD och LGD. Dessutom visar EI ett beroende av inter-sektor korrela-tion. Med stickprovsportföljen som används var det tydligt att högkoncentrationi en sektor kunde (bättre) rättfärdigas av båda dessa metoder då LGD och PD försektorn i fråga har beaktats.

Background: Since the 1960s, the notion of sustainability has gained worldwide significance, including environmental issues, and advocating for sustainable economic development. Businesses have a crucial role in reducing environmental effects, motivated by pressure from stakeholders such as governments and shareholders. While environmental and economic sustainability receive significant attention, the social aspect often receives less attention. Social sustainability involves creating equitable social systems and ensuring ethical practices, employee well-being, and diversity. Sustainability Consultancy Companies (SCCs) assist firms in integrating sustainability into their daily operations. Nevertheless, SCCs must comply with social sustainability principles, ensuring that they implement the same values they advocate for to maintain their reputation and establish industry benchmarks.   Purpose: The purpose of this research is to determine the extent to which Sustainability Consulting Companies (SCCs) are implementing sustainable practices within their daily operations.  We are investigating whether SCCs possess the necessary knowledge, expertise, and in-depth understanding of issues related to social sustainability practices. Our research aims to provide practitioners with knowledge and awareness of how SCCs perceive social sustainability and to what extent they implement social sustainability practices.    Method: This thesis employed a qualitative research approach, incorporating relevant literature, peer-reviewed articles, and semi-structured interviews. Through the semi-structured interviews conducted with various Sustainability Consultancy Companies (SCCs), employees, and a CEO, we were able to gather varying perspectives and professional insights on social sustainability issues.   Conclusion: The findings of this research indicate that although most SCCs had knowledge on social sustainability issues and practices, only a limited number of levels in Carroll’s CSR Pyramid were fulfilled. Furthermore, while the SCCs consider social sustainability as the missing pillar, there is a limited focus on implementing social sustainability in comparison to the other pillars of sustainability.

The aim of the thesis is to find the answer, whether it is plausible to monitor social cohesion of the municipality and how to measure this cohesion, which is one of the essential pillars of sustainable development. In order to find out, analysis of approaches and measurements of the sustainable development social pillar in international and Czech environment was carried out. Social pillar was identified and described also at the local level. Within the framework of the sustainable development social pillar at the municipal level three main thematic blocks are proposed: • Social environment quality of the municipality • Social-demographic population structure of the municipality • Contentment and participation in the public affairs These themes should be monitored by the set of indicators proposed in this thesis. It aimed to cover all dimensions of social cohesion which are significant and well-founded in the context of the territorial planning process. These indicators can be followed in the direct relationship with the population size and regional importance of the observed territorial unit at the local level and they are not separated from the concept of indicators monitoring at other – territorially higher – levels. Outcomes, analysis and interpretation of attained values could become the basis for the “territorial sustainable development analysis” (part of territorial planning instruments according to contemporary legal regulations), representing social pillar. All phenomenon and processes must be evaluated in the context with other sustainable development pillars and afterwards they should become another suitable instrument for measurement of the fulfilling the territorial planning aims.

La homosexualidad masculina, durante la primera guerra fría, se articuló en la literatura norteamericana en torno a dos ejes: las asunciones heroicas de masculinidad (subordinadoras de masculinidades alternativas) y la frontera como sitio y mito.La masculinidad heroica, otrora hegemónica, y la homosexualidad de los personajes de ficción analizados se presentan unidas en una época donde el discurso médico, jurídico, publicitario y político quiso divorciarlas. Esa unión se produjo en uno de los sitios más masculinistas de la tradición norteamericana: la frontera, fuera real, simbólica o imaginaria. Estos personajes no consiguen alejarse de las posiciones patriarcales que los oprimen como homosexuales. Por tanto, esa masculinidad que tanto ansían abrazar queda lejos de ser garante de pleno desarrollo individual, excepto en la frontera categórica con la realidad. Estas ficciones, escritas en el umbral de la posmodernidad, suponen una apelación a los procesos desintegradores y liberalizadores de la misma. / Homosexuality was articulated around two ideas during the first part of the Cold War: heroic assumptions of masculinity -subordinators of alternative masculinities- and the frontier as place and myth. The heroic masculinity -long ago hegemonic- and the homosexuality of the fictional characters analysed go hand in hand in a time when medical, legal, political and mass-media discourses meant to separate them. We can see that union in one of the most man-dominated places in American tradition: the frontier, be it real, symbolic or imaginary. These characters cannot get away from the patriarchal positions which oppress them as homosexuals. Therefore, that masculinity they long to hold onto does not guarantee their integrity as human beings, except in the categorical frontier with reality itself. For these fictions, written at the threshold of postmodernity, appeal to its disintegrating and liberating processes.

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The aim of this study was to highlight the final evaluation of the money invested in pension insurance due to the client's age and to develop model examples for various types of participants in pension plans. This aim of the study was achieved through the data collection, analysis, calculation and deduction of results.The performed analysis allowed to assess the profitability of pension. It enabled insight into the situation III. pillar pension system. It referred to the total amount saved after the end of the savings and to the number of percentage return the savings bring.It was concluded that pension schemes are only worth it for a short term. After some time, profitability is greatly reduced.

The work is dedicated to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and its application in the hotel. Part of this work are interviews with representatives of hotels representing the CSR best practices and interviews with other selected subjects. Comparison of the information reflects the current status of implementation of CSR in hotel management in the Czech Republic. The output of work is created CSR matrix. According the principles of 3 BL management matrix visualizes the organization current level of Corporate Social Responsibility and the impact of its activities on a particular area of CSR.

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The pillar screw is an important element of conventional dental implants. It is used to fix the pillar or intermediary to the implant set. In conventional dental implants, the torque level applied is near of 20 Ncm, however it knows that the pillar screw resists to bigger torque levels, and that a high pre-load could improve its setting. Many problems related to the breakings and reliefs of the screw are related in literature. The improvement of osseointegration conditions and the dental implantations project could provide to the application of high torque to the pillar screws, minimizing the relief problems. For this, the knowledge of the physical behavior of these elements about their stress and strain fields is important, when a certain torque level and pre-load level is applied. In this work, the stress gradient in the pillar screw was evaluated with an applied pre-load level. The technique of the bidimentional photoelasticity in a photoelastic model of a conventional dental implant of the Conexão Sistemas de Prótese Ltda company was used. For the attainment of the photoelastics parameters, a Matlab program was developed to acquire and to process the fringe images. A photoelastic prismatic bar submitted to a four points bending effort was used, installed in a transmission polariscope, adjusted for elliptical polarized light. The principal stresseses directions had been obtained through a non linear equation solution. To improve the precision of the principal stresseses directions values a disc under axial compression was used to calibrate values RGB of the acquired images. For the torque standard of 20 Ncm, the pre-load was of 111 N. It is possible estimate that torque values in the order of 40 to 50 Ncm could be applied in the pillar screw, if the osseointegration level allied to the project of the dental implant to support such torque levels. A bigger number of experiments must be carried through so that if it can conclude on the maximum values of torque of the daily pay-load. The program Fringes" revealed efficient in the determination of the models optics parameters until 4ª fringe order. / O parafuso pilar é um importante elemento constituinte de implantes dentários convencionais. Ele é utilizado para fixar o pilar ou intermediário ao implante. Em implantes dentários convencionais, o nível de torque aplicado é da ordem de 20 Ncm, porém sabe-se que o parafuso pilar resiste a maiores níveis de torque, e que uma maior pré-carga aplicada poderia melhorar sua fixação. Muitos problemas relacionados às fraturas e desapertos do parafuso são relacionados na literatura. A melhoria das condições de osseointegração e do projeto dos implantes dentários poderia proporcionar a aplicação de maiores torques aos parafusos pilar, minimizando os problemas de desaperto. Para isso, é importante o conhecimento do comportamento físico destes elementos quanto ao campo de tensão e deformação, quando um certo nível de torque e pré-carga são aplicados. Neste trabalho, o gradiente de tensões no parafuso de pilar foi estudado com um nível de pré-carga aplicado. Foi utilizada a técnica da fotoelasticidade de transmissão plana em um modelo fotoelástico de um implante dentário convencional da empresa Conexão Sistemas de Prótese Ltda. Um programa em ambiente Matlab foi desenvolvido para adquirir e processar as imagens das franjas, para a obtenção dos parâmetros fotoelásticos. Foi utilizada uma barra prismática fotoelástica submetida à flexão em quatro pontos, instalada em um polariscópio de transmissão, ajustado para luz polarizada elíptica para a obtenção das ordens de franja. As direções das tensões principais foram obtidas através da solução de uma equação não linear. Para melhorar a precisão dos valores das direções das tensões principais foi utilizado um disco sob compressão axial para calibrar os valores RGB das imagens adquiridas. Para o torque padrão de 20 Ncm, a pré-carga estimada foi de 111 N (GARCIA, 2006). Estima-se que valores de torque na ordem de 40 a 50 Ncm poderiam ser aplicados no parafuso de pilar, se o nível de osseointegração aliado ao projeto do implante dentário suportar tais níveis de torque. Um número maior de experimentos devem ser realizados para que se possa concluir sobre os máximos valores de torque da pré-carga. O programa computacional Fringes , mostrou-se eficiente na determinação dos parâmetros óticos em modelos solicitados até a 4ª ordem de franja. / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica