In der E-Commerce-Forschung wird aus Sicht von Wertschöpfung und Marketing das Konzept virtueller Gemeinschaften ausgiebig erforscht. Solche Gemeinschaften sollten Wissen zu Verfügung stellen, Kundenkontakte vereinfachen oder zusammen eine Wertschöpfung erbringen, an der nach [1] der Anbieter der virtuellen Plattform Profite erwirtschaftet. E-Government zielt auf die elektronische Abbildung von Vorgängen der öffentlichen Verwaltung. Nach der Speyer Definition [2] besteht E-Government aus Informationsdiensten, Partizipation der Bürger und elektronischer Abwicklung der Transaktionen innerhalb der Verwaltung und zwischen Verwaltung und den anderen Sektoren. Auffällig ist die Beschränkung von E-Government auf die Umsetzung existierender Verwaltungsvorgänge. Dies beschränkt die Wertschöpfung im EGovernment auf Effizienzgewinne, schließt die Profite durch virtuelle Gemeinschaften in einer Bürgergesellschaft jedoch weitgehend aus.

Die vorliegende Ausgabe untersucht für den Eigenbetrieb Abwasserbeseitigung Bautzen die Auswirkungen des demografischen Wandels auf die Gebühren für das Jahr 2025. Aufgrund der Tatsache, dass der Schmutzwasseranfall in der Siedlungsentwässerung von vielen Faktoren abhängig ist, wird eine Methode gesucht, diese zu identifizieren und zu prognostizieren. Eine geeignete Methode stellt die Szenarioanalyse dar, welche in dieser Arbeit eingehend erörtert wird. Darüber hinaus wird ein geeignetes Vorgehen für eine Analyse in der Siedlungsentwässerung vorgeschlagen. Dieses Vorgehen wird in der Praxis auf den Eigenbetrieb Abwasserbeseitigung Bautzen angewandt. Somit dient diese Arbeit als Leitfaden und Beispielanwendung für eine Szenarioanalyse und kann auf alle Unternehmen der Abwasserentsorgung übertragen werden. Neben dem demografischen Wandel, der sich in erster Linie durch einen Bevölkerungsrückgang und eine Alterung der Bevölkerung äußert, können die Faktoren: Lebensstil/Verbrauchsgewohnheit, Art und Anzahl der Industrie- und Gewerbebetriebe, Umweltbewusstsein, Wohlstand/Bildung, Rechtsnormen, Erwerbstätigkeit und spezifischer Wasserverbrauch, mit Hilfe mathematischer Methoden identifiziert werden. Diese Größen stellen Deskriptoren dar und beeinflussen die Schmutzwassermenge langfristig am stärksten. Die Faktoren werden in dieser Arbeit speziell für Bautzen prognostiziert und ein Entwicklungsrahmen vorgegeben. Die vielen Ausprägungsmöglichkeiten dieser Größen lassen die Bildung einer Vielzahl von Szenarien zu, welche auf Konsistenz geprüft und von diesen konsistenten Szenarien wiederum vier ausgewählt werden. Die Umlegung der Szenarien auf die Gebühren erfordert eine gesonderte Betrachtung der gesetzlichen Regelungen und Auflagen, die es zu beachten gilt und ebenfalls, detailliert mit dieser Arbeit erfolgt. Darüber hinaus werden wichtige Hinweise für eine Gebührenprognose gegeben.

L’économie des contrats complets prédit qu’au sein d’une relation d’agence d’une organisation productive, en présence d’aléa moral, un dispositif de vérification de l’information permet de répondre à la fois à un problème de coopération entre les individus et à un problème de coordination des activités. Cependant, au lieu de discipliner des comportements opportunistes, ce dispositif peut engendrer des coûts cachés et réduire la motivation intrinsèque des agents à réaliser une activité qui leur a été attribuée. Sous certaines conditions, il génère une réduction de l’activité, et une perte en termes d’allocation ce qui nuit à l’efficacité.Dans cette thèse de doctorat, nous avons conduit trois expérimentations contrôlées de terrain avec assignation aléatoire qui visaient à modifier les configurations du dispositif de vérification de l’information afin de résoudre un problème organisationnel propre à trois relations d’agence particulières.Dans notre premier chapitre, nous avons testé l’effet de la variation de la quantité d’informations détenues par les cotisants sur le dispositif de vérification de la déclaration sociale grâce à des messages ciblés contenant des explications sur le pouvoir de contrôle de l’Agence centrale des organismes de sécurité sociale (Acoss) afin de réduire la fraude sociale.Dans notre deuxième chapitre, nous avons testé la réduction de l’intensité de la surveillance électronique de la performance des conseillers d’un centre d’appels sous-traitants afin d’améliorer leur qualité de vie au travail.Enfin, dans notre troisième chapitre, nous avons testé l’effet de la négociation contractuelle du dispositif d’évaluation de la participation des étudiants de licence pendant les travaux dirigés afin d’améliorer leur réussite à l’université. / Economics of complete contracts foresees that within an agency relationship of a productive organization, in the presence of moral hazard, an information check device can address both a problem of cooperation between individuals and a problem of coordination of activities. However, instead of disciplining opportunistic behaviours, this device can generate hidden costs and reduce the intrinsic motivation of agents to perform an activity that has been assigned to them. Under certain conditions, it generates a reduction of the outcome, and a loss in terms of allocation, which is detrimental to efficiency.In this Ph.D. thesis, we conducted three randomized controlled field trials that aimed at modifying the configurations of the information check device to solve an organizational problem specific to three specific agency relationships.In our first chapter, we tested the effect of varying the amount of information held by contributors on the social reporting verification device through targeted messages containing explanations of the control power of the Agence centrale des organisations de sécurité sociale (Acoss) in order to reduce social fraud.In our second chapter, we tested the reduction in the intensity of the electronic monitoring of the performance of advisors of an outsourced call centre in order to improve their quality of life at work.Finally, in our third chapter, we tested the effect of the contractual negotiation of the device which evaluate the participation of undergraduate students during the tutorials in order to improve their success at the university.

One of the most important technologies used in modern communication systems is channel coding. Channel coding dates back to a paper published by Shannon in 1948 [1] entitled “A Mathematical Theory of Communication”. The basic idea behind channel coding is to send redundant information (parity) together with a message to make the transmission more error resistant. There are different types of codes that can be used to generate the parity required, including block, convolutional and concatenated codes. A special subclass of codes consisting of the codes mentioned in the previous paragraph, is sparse graph codes. The structure of sparse graph codes can be depicted via a graphical representation: the factor graph which has sparse connections between its elements. Codes belonging to this subclass include Low-Density-Parity-Check (LDPC) codes, Repeat Accumulate (RA), Turbo and fountain codes. These codes can be decoded by using the belief propagation algorithm, an iterative algorithm where probabilistic information is passed to the nodes of the graph. This dissertation focuses on noisy decoding of fountain codes using belief propagation decoding. Fountain codes were originally developed for erasure channels, but since any factor graph can be decoded using belief propagation, noisy decoding of fountain codes can easily be accomplished. Three fountain codes namely Tornado, Luby Transform (LT) and Raptor codes were investigated during this dissertation. The following results were obtained: <ol> <li>The Tornado graph structure is unsuitable for noisy decoding since the code structure protects the first layer of parity instead of the original message bits (a Tornado graph consists of more than one layer).</li> <li> The successful decoding of systematic LT codes were verified.</li> <li>A systematic Raptor code was introduced and successfully decoded. The simulation results show that the Raptor graph structure can improve on its constituent codes (a Raptor code consists of more than one code).</li></ol> Lastly an LT code was used to replace the convolutional incremental redundancy scheme used by the 2G mobile standard Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). The results show that a fountain incremental redundancy scheme outperforms a convolutional approach if the frame lengths are long enough. For the EDGE platform the results also showed that the fountain incremental redundancy scheme outperforms the convolutional approach after the second transmission is received. Although EDGE is an older technology, it still remains a good platform for testing different incremental redundancy schemes, since it was one of the first platforms to use incremental redundancy. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / MEng / unrestricted

La siguiente Tesis de investigación propone implementar medidas de acoplamiento de la infraestructura sobre el diseño actual de la geometría vial en la intersección de la Av. José Matías Manzanilla con Av. J.J. Elías de la ciudad de Ica; con la finalidad de mejorar el desempeño de la seguridad vial urbana de peatones y usuarios vulnerables. Las propuestas de dichas mejoras, están basadas en las recomendaciones de la Federal Highway Administration – FHWA de los Estados Unidos, para la implementación de elementos de seguridad vial en intersecciones con semáforo. Para conocer el nivel de riesgo a la seguridad vial en el área de estudio, se determinaron la hora de máxima demanda para los peatones que transitan por estas avenidas, mediante recolección de datos volumétricos del flujo de tráfico multimodal. Además, se incorporaron al análisis, la información de la geometría de la intersección y las características actuales de los dispositivos de control semafórico y de señalización horizontal y vertical. Con el apoyo en la información recopilada, se implementaron la evaluación del desempeño de la situación actual de la seguridad vial con el programa de acceso libre VIDA-IRAP. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron serios cuestionamientos a la seguridad vial de los usuarios vulnerables, que serían superados con la implementación de las estrategias recomendadas en el presente trabajo. Asimismo, las recomendaciones propuestas en los puntos 4.2.5. y 4.2.6. del Capítulo 4 respectivamente, desarrollan un listado de verificación del alojamiento de peatones en las intersecciones con semáforo que puedan ser recogidas en una actualización de Manual de Seguridad Vial (MTC, MSV; 2017); así como, una serie de técnicas y procedimientos de levantamiento de información y clasificación de datos de los sitios en estudio, para aplicar modificaciones operacionales de semaforización, que favorezcan a la seguridad peatonal y que puedan ser recogidas en una actualización de Manual de Dispositivos de Control del Tránsito Automotor para Calles y Carreteras (MTC; MDCTACC, 2016). / The following research proposes to implement measures of coupling of the infrastructure on the current design of the road geometry at the intersection of Av. José Matías Manzanilla with Av. J.J. Elías in Ica city; in order to improve the performance of urban road safety for pedestrians and vulnerable users. The proposals for these improvements are based on the recommendations of the Federal Highway Administration - FHWA of the United States, for the implementation of road safety elements in signalized intersections. In order to know the level of risk to road safety in the study area, the rush hour demand was determined for pedestrians passing through these avenues, by collecting volumetric data on the multimodal traffic flow. In addition, the information on the geometry of the intersection and the current characteristics of signal control devices and horizontal and vertical signaling were incorporated into the analysis. With the support of the information collected, the performance evaluation of the current situation of road safety was implemented with the free access program VIDA-IRAP. The results obtained indicated serious questions to the road safety of vulnerable users, which would be overcome with the implementation of the strategies recommended in this work. Likewise, the recommendations proposed in points 4.2.5. and 4.2.6. of Chapter 4 respectively, develop a checklist of pedestrian accommodation at signalized intersections, that can be included in an update of the Road Safety Manual (MTC, MSV; 2017); as well as a series of techniques and procedures for collecting information and classifying data from the sites under study, to apply operational modifications signal timing, which favor pedestrian safety and which can be included in an update of the Control Devices Manual of Automotive Traffic for Streets and Highways (MTC; MDCTACC, 2016). / Tesis

1 ABSTRACT As the capital of Prague gradually expanded, both in population and area, Emergency Medical Service of Prague (EMSP) had to grow accordingly. Rescue Teams of EMSP are currently located in 18 stations throughout the territory of Prague. The high number of Rescue Teams groups poses a major challenge to technical - physical operation. One of the areas where the need for changes has been identified, is the asset management. The current system is inadequate and unable to respond flexibly to frequent changes in the asset register. Large number of emergency stations, which are located over a large area and include ambulance cars, triggered the need for rapid search and registration of fixed assets, so the whole process would be as efficient as possible and would not hinder the operation of Rescue Teams. Therefore the registration of property by means of barcodes was launched. During inspections and changes in records or registration of new assets, the operation in records is carried out quickly and efficiently using mobile terminals with a bar code reader, which is actually a small computer. The aim of this paper is to describe management of changes in property records using bar codes at the Medical Emergency Service of Prague. This change in the process of property registration will reduce the time,...

This final thesis is focused on a reinforcement design and check of selected reinforced concrete structure parts of a church building. A spatial model loaded with dead and live loads is designed in order to carry out a structural analysis in SCIA Engineer software. Serviceability limit state and fire resistance are then checked for some selected load-bearing elements. The drawings are also included in this work.

Skanska Grundläggning in Region Special wishes to gain an increased understanding of the extent to which it differs in the wear of percussion hammers and pilot drill crowns, depending on which driving medium is used in down-the-hole drilling, as well as logistical and economic aspects depending on the chosen method. Down-the-hole drilling means that the hammer works down in the borehole and forms one of the components at the far end of the drill string together with a drill bit. The blow of the hammer is created by air or water at high pressure. The piling method that is examined is drilled steel pipe piles, which means that a steel pipe pile is driven into the ground in step with the hammer and the drill bit's advancement. Once the desired depth has been reached, the drill string with the drill bit is pulled out of the casing and then the steel pipe pile is filled with concrete. The study aims to examine the products' lifespans and repair intervals from several different perspectives and set them against reality, as well as what the different methods have for differences regarding logistics and establishment. This is to create a basis for future decisions on the most suitable method of down-the-hole drilling. The beginning of the study consisted of qualitative preliminary interviews to identify and create a problem formulation that was dealt with via a literature study, five semi-structured interviews, eleven questionnaires, internal data from drilling protocols and purchasing. The result shows that there is some difference in wear in the hammer depending on whether it is an air or water powered system, the wear appears in different places and can have an impact on the life of the hammer. The wear that occurs most frequently on drill bit is grinding on the buttons. Geotechnical differences for various projects are a significant factor in the service life of the equipment. An air hammer requires that the air constantly being mixed with lubricating oil and that an air compressor consumes more diesel compared to a high-pressure pump for the equivalent water hammer. The handling of water that is flushed out of the borehole is considered a concern. To reduce wear on water hammers and thus fewer replacements and more repairs, a drill bit intended for water powered down-the-hole hammer should be used. DTH-drilling with an air hammer is considered an industry standard and a certain skepticism towards a water powered system may indicate inexperience. / Skanska Grundläggning inom Region Special önskar att få en ökad förståelse hur vida det skiljer sig vid slitage av hammare och pilotborrkrona beroende på vilket drivande medium som nyttjas vid sänkhammarborrning, samt logistiska och ekonomiska aspekter beroende på vald metod. Sänkhammarborrning innebär att hammaren arbetar nere i borrhålet och utgör en av komponenterna längst ut på borrsträngen tillsammans med en borrkrona. Hammarens slag skapas av luft eller vatten i högt tryck. Pålningsmetoden som undersöks är borrade stålrörspålar, det betyder att ett foderrör drivs ned i marken i takt med hammaren och borrkronans framfart. Väl när önskat djup uppnåtts lyfts borrsträngen med hammaren och piloten upp ur foderröret för att sedan fyllas upp med betong. Studien syftar till att undersöka produkternas livslängder och reparationsintervall från flera olika perspektiv och ställa dem emot verkligheten, samt vad dem olika metoderna har för olikheter kring logistik och etablering. Detta är för att skapa underlag för framtida beslut om mest lämplig metod av sänkhammarborrning. Studiens begynnelse bestod av kvalitativa förintervjuer för att identifiera och skapa en problemformulering som avhandlades via en litteraturstudie, fem semistrukturerade intervjuer, elva frågeformulär, interna data från borrningsprotokoll och inköp. Resultatet visar att det förekommer viss skillnad i slitage i hammaren beroende på om det är en luft- eller vattenanläggning, slitaget visar sig på olika ställen och kan ha betydelse för hammarens livslängd. Det slitage som uppträder mest frekvent på piloter är nedslipning av stift. Geotekniska egenskaper för olika projekt utgör en betydande faktor för utrustningens livslängd. En lufthammare är i behov av att luften konstant beblandas smörjolja och att en luftkompressor förbrukar mer diesel jämfört med en högtryckspump för motsvarande vattenhammare. Efterhanteringen av vatten som spolas upp anses vara ett bekymmer. För att minska slitage på vattenhammare och därmed färre byten och mer reparationer bör en pilotborrkrona avsedd för vattendriven sänkhammarborrning nyttjas. Sänkhammarborrning med lufthammare anses som branschstandard och en viss skepticism mot en vattendriven anläggning kan tyda på oerfarenhet.

Title: The influence of age, gender and movement activity on the reaction abilities of lower limbs. Objectives: The main objective of this dissertation was to find the reaction abilities of pubescent's (aged 10 - 15years) lower limbs on the basis of age, gender and movement activity. The further aim was to determine the pubescence period (age) when the most noticeable decrease of the visual disjunctive motor response time of lower limbs occurs. Methods: 214 boys and girls aged 10-15 years (157.8 ± 10.8 cm; 47.2 ± 10.7 kg) participated in this research. Simple, choice and disjunctive reaction time of lower limbs was measured through the Fitro Agility Check test. The results processing, including statistical procedures, was carried out using the Matlab (MathWorks, Inc.) programming environment, an IBM SPSS Statistics 22. Three-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (α=0.05) were used to determine the individual parameters connection. Results: With increasing age, year over year, we found important differences and reaction time decreases of all types of reaction speeds. Testing brings to light the fact that the most noticeable decrease of both selection and disjunctive reaction time of lower limbs are between groups of 11 year olds (11.00-11.99) and 12 year olds (12.00-12.99). The most noticeable decrease...

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