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Correspondence is written forms of communications, for example, SMS, E-mail, or letters, and when something is written, it may constitute a literary work protected by copyright. As there is no formal procedure for acquiring copyright, it is not always easy to determine when it exists and therefore know how to impose common rules. In Sweden, the moment of publication of a literary work is when an author makes his work available to the public. This occurs when a work is presented publicly, displayed publicly, or when copies are distributed to the public. This moment is imperative due to the legal effects that enter into force when a work is published. Until the point in time when a work is published, an author has absolute rights to his work, meaning that it is not possible to use a work legally without the author’s consent. As correspondence is a mean of communication, it is inherent in its nature to be transferred to someone else in order to fulfil its purpose. This means that an author has technically published his work the moment he sends it to someone else. However, arguments are raised in case law that a work cannot be published unless the author has intended it to be. This thesis concludes that both assessments of when a work is published are in fact correct. The important aspect that has to be considered when assessing if a work is published or not, is the intended usage of the protected work. Consequently, one may use the results of this thesis either as an argument to apply unbiased provisions of law, in accordance to their wording, or to apply subjective assessments on a case-to-case basis, in order to find an optimal solution.

The purpose of this study was to explore formal and functional characteristics of e-mail letters. Two types of e-mail letters were subjected to analysis - formal and informal. The method chosen for the study was content analysis. The formal and functional characteristics of e-mails were compared to the formal and functional characteristics of conventional letters. The research demonstrated that formal and functional characteristics of an e-mail letter are similar to a conventional letter in many respects; however, an e-mail letter exhibits certain distinctive features. / Šio darbo tikslas yra nustatyti kiek elektroninio laiško struktūra yra panaši į paprasto laiško struktūrą ir kokie yra skyrybos ženklų vartojimo ypatumai elektroniniame laiške. Remiantis darbo tikslu, buvo iškelti šie uždaviniai: 1) apžvelgti formalių ir neformalių laiškų rašymo standartus, 2) ištirti elektroninio laiško, kaip naujo registro ypatumus, 3) apžvelgti skyrybos vartoseną laiškuose, 4) išanalizuoti skyrybos ženklų vartojimo ypatybes elektroniniuose laiškuose. Atliekant tyrimą, buvo panaudotas turinio analizės metodas. Tyrimo metu buvo išanalizuoti 30 formalių ir 40 neformalių elektroninių laiškų. Elektroninio laiško ypatumai buvo išanalizuoti kiekybiškai, iliustruojant juos pavyzdžiais. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad paprastas ir elektroninis laiškai turi panašumų, tačiau elektroninis laiškas turi ir tik jam charakteringų bruožų: • Formalaus tradicinio ir elektroninio laiško struktūra yra gana panaši. Elektroninis laiškas turi visas struktūrines dalis, būdingas tradiciniam laiškui. Skirtumai slypi įžangoje, kreipiniuose, pagrindinėje dalyje, atsisveikinimuose. Elektroninis laiškas turi adresą, datą, laiką ir temą, tuo tarpu tradicinio laiško įžangoje rašomas tik adresas ir data. Tyrimas parodė, kad dauguma formalaus elektroninio laiško kreipinių ir atsisveikinimų yra neoficialūs. Tradicinis laiškas paprastai turi 4 paragrafus, tuo tarpu elektroninio laiško ilgis varijuoja nuo vienos eilutės iki 7 paragrafų. Tik elektroninis laiškas turi priedą (priemonę... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjamos naudotojo elektroninės tapatybės valdymo problemos, sprendimo būdai ir siūlomas praktinis sprendimo pritaikymas. Darbe analizuojami įvairūs tapatybės valdymo būdai bei lyginama programinė įranga, kuri gali padėti išspręsti elektroninės tapatybės valdymo problemas. Išanalizavus esamas Vilniaus Gedimino technikos tapatybės valdymo problemas, parinkta tinkamiausia programinė įranga, kuri labiausiai tinka galutinio sprendimo Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitete įgyvendinimui. Sukurtas teorinis modelis galėtų būti įgyvendintas VGTU ir būtų susietas su LR el. parašu. Darbą sudaro 7 dalys : įvadas, naudotojų tapatybės valdymo analizė, esama elektroninės tapatybės būklė VGTU, asmens tapatybės valdymo sprendimų analizė, „IBM Tivoli identity management“ sprendimo pritaikymas VGTU, išvados, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis 63 p. teksto be priedų, 31 iliustr., 4 lent., 40 bibliografinių šaltinių. / In the final master theses the problems and solutions of user identity management are discussed, the practical application of proposed solution presented. Work analyses various identity management approaches as well as compares software dedicated to user identity management problems. After an analysis of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University user identity management problems, the most efficient software was selected, which is the most suitable solution for Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. The developed theoretical model could be applied in VGTU and connected with LR e. signature. Structure: introduction, analysis of user identity management, condition of VGTU user identity, identity management decision analysis, "IBM Tivoli Identity Management“ solutions for VGTU, conclusions, references. Thesis consists of: 63 p. text without appendixes, 31 pictures, 4 tables, 40 bibliographical entries.

The major objective of this study is to explore empirically the effects of permission, interactivity, vividness and personalisation upon attitude, behavioural intention and recommendation to e-mail marketing (the latter two variables being proxies for behaviour). The proposed model is based on the integrated framework of Fishbein and Ajzen's Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), Triadis's Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Rettie's 2002 Basic E-mail Response Process Model. For data collection, qualitative and quantitative studies were used. The qualitative results from four semi-structured interviews reveal New Zealand enterprises' strong trust in permission-based e-mail marketing and how they implement it as one of their marketing strategies. The quantitative component presents and empirically tests the proposed model in terms of a personalisation (presence/absence), interactivity (low/high) and vividness (low/medium/high) (2*2*3) between-subjects factorial design, where subjects were exposed to an e-mail advertisement for a mobile phone. From 650 responses collected by clicking on an e-mail link through an online web survey, the data was analysed with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Based on strong suggestions in the literature and findings in the qualitative study on the importance of permission-based marketing, attitude toward permission e-mail was examined as one of the dependent variables in the quantitative study. Results reveal similarities and differences in the effects of interactivity, vividness and personalisation respectively between the low and high attitude toward permission based e-mail marketing groups. Although significant effects of interactivity on attitude and behavioural intention were observed, the nature of those effects proved contrary to the author's expectation. In terms of vividness, results showed significant effects on attitude and behavioural intention in both groups as anticipated. Conversely, personalisation was shown to have no effect on attitude and behavioural intention in any group, however, a positive effect on response rates was indicated. Two three-way interaction effects between interactivity, vividness and personalisation on attitude toward brand and friend recommendation were found only in the high group. This study strongly encourages e-mail marketers to respect their customers' privacy and to employ a permission-based marketing concept within their business strategy. The design of the e-mail (moderate to high vividness) and personalisation (use of recipient's name) are indicated to have a positive impact on the effectiveness of an e-mail ad. Future research should examine a permission-based marketing construct as a longitudinal study, and investigate personalisation at a higher level (based on recipients' preferences).

所謂電子郵件廣告即是以電子郵件為傳遞工具，將廣告訊息以數位型式主動傳輸至收件者信箱中，由於電子郵件廣告可針對獨特的個人，依據特定個體之需求及特質以為區隔變數，進一步達成一對一行銷的遠景，因此，雖然垃圾郵件的問題仍為人所詬病，電子郵件廣告在作為行銷工具的強大功能上仍備受注目。 為了瞭解目前台灣電子郵件廣告訊息結構的概況，本研究採用內容分析法，針對電子郵件廣告，分析其廣告訊息結構之表現，並試圖探究不同的郵件廣告型式、郵件內容類型及不同的產品類別，與廣告訊息結構（廣告目的、廣告資訊量、廣告訴求方式、標題型式、廣告表現方式及擺設位置）之關聯。 研究結果發現，不同的郵件廣告型式在廣告目的數、訊息量、廣告訴求、文案字數、廣告動態效果及鏈結個數上有顯著差異。而不同郵件內容類型在廣告目的數、訊息量、文案字數、廣告效果及鏈結個數上有顯著差異。在不同產品類別對廣告訊息的影響上則發現，不同產品類別在廣告目的數、訊息量、文案字數及鏈結總數上有顯著差異。 從本研究結果中可歸納以下5點結論： 1.目前台灣電子郵件廣告仍以刊登在電子報中為主流。 2.而在各類郵件廣告型式中，以「電子傳單」由於有充裕的版面運用，因此可傳傂較豐富的訊息。 3.目前台灣電子郵件廣告仍以靜態呈現居多，而多媒體效果部份，如音樂音效及動畫的呈現仍相當少見。 4.廣告主仍以傳統收視率觀點選擇刊登之電子報別，而並未依電子報屬性區隔受眾。 5.本研究發現理性類商品廣告訴求以理性為多，感性類商品則以感性訴求為主；而在涉入度部份，涉入度高之商品，其廣告中所包含的資訊量亦較高。

Universiẗat, Diss., 2006--Münster (Westfalen).

Universiẗat, Diss., 2006 u.d.T.: Figge, Stefan: Entwurfsmuster eines werbefinanzierten Geschäftsmodells für den Mobile Commerce auf Basis eines semantischen Identitätskonzepts--Frankfurt (Main).

Universiẗat, Diss., 2006--Köln.

Thesis (M.C.S.) Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-121). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.