Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-06-28T21:29:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) A representação do leitor e da leitura em A história sem fim de Michael Ende e Coração de tinta de Cornélia Funke.pdf: 1029709 bytes, checksum: 91a5fcf4060a59c92a506f8f62b416f3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-06-30T20:24:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 A representação do leitor e da leitura em A história sem fim de Michael Ende e Coração de tinta de Cornélia Funke.pdf: 1029709 bytes, checksum: 91a5fcf4060a59c92a506f8f62b416f3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-30T20:24:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 A representação do leitor e da leitura em A história sem fim de Michael Ende e Coração de tinta de Cornélia Funke.pdf: 1029709 bytes, checksum: 91a5fcf4060a59c92a506f8f62b416f3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-07 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - FAPERGS / A presente dissertação é um diálogo com os estudos e pesquisas que se preocupam com as construções da relação autor-obra-leitor, essencialmente norteado pelas pesquisas de Wolfang Iser e Umberto Eco acerca da leitura e do leitor. Sendo assim, nosso objetivo geral é analisar a interação da leitura e do leitor para com isso podermos analisarmos todo o processo de construção do texto, do leitor e de como a leitura se desenvolve, tanto no texto em si como no próprio leitor. Assim, com os personagens leitores Bastian, Motimer, Meggie, Darius de A História sem fim e de Coração de Tinta, respectivamente, podemos analisar e indagar as diferentes interações do leitor com o texto literário. / The following dissertation is a dialog with the studies and researches which care about the constructions of the relation author-work-reader, essentially guided through the researches from Wolfgang Iser and Umberto Eco about the reading and the reader. It is thus our main objectiv is to analyse the whole process of construction of the text, the reader and how the reading develops itself, such in the text itself as well in the reader itself. Therefore with the readercharacters Bastian, Motimer Meggie, Darius from The Neverending Story and Inkheart respectively, we can analyse and enquire the distinct interactions of the reader with the literary text.

M.A. (Library & Information Science) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

The implied reader of a novel is the person that the author writes for. In the case of Åsa Larsson’s Swedish detective novel Solstorm, the implied reader is familiar with Swedish politics, history, and geography but also with biblical references and Swedish customs. When the novel is translated into English, The Savage Altar: Innocence will be Sacrificed, there is a new implied reader, the translator’s implied reader. When culture-specific material is either omitted or misunderstood, or a cultural filter changes the material to suit the new target audience, the context of the novel is also changed. The result is a loss of context.

Cette thèse porte sur la question du lecteur dans trois textes de Rétif de la Bretonne : Le Paysan perverti (1775), Le Ménage parisien (1772) et Le Pornographe (1769). Malgré la diversité de son contenu et de sa structure, ce corpus a en commun de mettre en abyme la figure du lecteur. Bien que sollicité, souvent même à l’excès, le lecteur des trois textes entretient des relations très tendues avec l’auteur. Celui-ci s’emploie à conditionner l’exercice de la lecture tout en simulant de favoriser la liberté du lecteur. Ce rapport de force se déploie à plusieurs niveaux des ouvrages étudiés. Il est explicite à travers la figure du lecteur intradiégétique. Il est plus subtil et latent, en revanche, quand Rétif construit dans le texte l’image du lecteur « idéal ». Outre un attachement « viscéral » à l’oeuvre, nous décelons dans l’écriture romanesque rétivienne une conception moderne de la relation auteur/lecteur. « Inégal » dans sa production, « maladroit », « impertinent », Rétif a pourtant très tôt lancé une réflexion inédite sur le rôle du lecteur dans l’accomplissement du fait littéraire. Le lecteur y est, en effet, considéré comme l’émule de l’auteur : un copropriétaire potentiel, voire un propriétaire légitime de l’oeuvre dont dépend son devenir. Mais Rétif n’est pas pour autant prêt au partage, encore moins à être « dépossédé » de son oeuvre. Le tiraillement permanent de l’auteur transfigure ainsi l’expérience littéraire en une expérience humaine. / The thesis purports to investigate the ‘reader’ in three works by Rétif de la Bretonne which are: Le Paysan perverti (1775), Le Ménage parisien (1772) and Le Pornographe (1769). Though diverging in content and structure, the three works converge in the desire to inscribe the reader in the text. Although sought for, quite often in an exaggerated way, the reader in the three texts has an extremely tense relationship with the author who is committed to control the act of reading while pretending to leave the reader total freedom. This struggle for power is felt at various levels in the three texts examined; it is made overt through the figure of the intradiegetic reader but subtler when appealing to the figure of the ‘ideal reader’. Apart from the visceral tie to the text, we distinguish in the retivian novelistic discourse a modern conception of the author/reader relationship. Though ‘uneven’, ‘clumsy’ and ‘impertinent’, Rétif, early on, declared implicitly within his work a first-time vision of the role of the reader in the accomplishment of the literary act. The reader is in fact inscribed in the text as the emulator of the author: a potential and legitimate owner of the work on which depends his becoming. However, Rétif is not ready to surrender his authorship. The continual division of the author transfigures the literary experience into a human one.

Användarskapat innehåll, eller UGC från engelskans User Generated Content, har med teknikens utveckling blivit allt mer populärt på webbtidningar. Det ses som en konkurrensfördel men kan även innebära risker för tidningen, inte minst kostnadsmässigt. Det blir därför viktigt att satsa på UGC som läsarna vill ha, men vad detta innebär är inte ett välutforskat ämne. Denna uppsats ämnar svara på vilket användarskapat innehåll läsare av webbtidningar föredrar, samt varför de föredrar just detta. Med utgångspunkt i en litteraturstudie identifierades fem aspekter som kan hjälpa till att beskriva UGC. Med en dagboksstudie urskiljdes nio teman utifrån vilka det var möjligt att styrka fyra av aspekterna samt identifiera ytterligare fem aspekter som föreföll påverka hur läsare uppskattar UGC. / User Generated Content (UGC) has, with the fast-paced technological development, become increasingly popular in online newspapers. It is considered a competitive advantage but might entail risks for the newspapers, not in the least cost-wise. Thus it becomes important to invest in the UGC readers want, but what this encompasses is not a widely explored subject. This essay intends to answer what UGC readers of online newspapers prefer and why they prefer this particular content. On the basis of a literature study five aspects that can help describe UGC were identified. A diary study resulted in the identification of nine themes based on which it was possible to corroborate four of the aspects as well as identify a further five aspects that appeared to affect how readers view UGC.

Reading and understanding literature does not necessarily have to be an individual act. The aim of this essay is to investigate what happens when six students read a text by Kazuo Ishiguro A Family Supper and then discuss it in a communicative situation. The essay bases its ideas on the sociocultural theory and the reader-response theory. The sociocultural perspective argues that people develop and progress during social interaction, moreover by communicating with other people and by being inspired and subsequently educated through taking part in different social contexts. My idea with this essay is to observe a literary discussion in a group. The observation emphasizes both the individual contribution to the literary discussion and the function of the group. By analyzing the participation of the individual students, I reached the conclusion that the students deal with literature in many different ways. Some focus only on the text and the plot, others discuss social issues in connection to the text and some only respond to the others’ arguments. When studying the group, I looked at the balance in the group, the turn taking between the members and the level of participation. The reader-response theory bases its idea on the reader and the text and the fact that they are connected in a mutual transaction. Every reader brings his or her experiences to the understanding of the text and thereby a text can have multiple alternative interpretations considering the amount of readers. The analysis section in this essay consists of several parts, such as an individual reflection, a group discussion and an individual evaluation.

No description available.

Cette recherche porte sur le bouleversement épistémologique qui affecte la littérature patrimoniale, à l’ère du numérique et du multimédia. La première partie s’intéresse à la fondation de la notion de littérature patrimoniale en France. Elle propose une revue synthétique des contextes et des discours qui ont fondé cette notion à travers le temps. Les zones de fracture et de continuité entre conceptions passées et conceptions contemporaines y sont questionnées. L’analyse aboutit au constat que conceptions émergentes et traditionnelles forment une mémoire dialogique, vive et complexe, qui innerve de ses paradoxes les archétypes fondateurs : les notions d’auteur, d’œuvre et de « bibliothèque ». La deuxième partie examine la réception contemporaine de la littérature patrimoniale, pour laquelle « la bibliothèque » est une mémoire du passé mais aussi une réserve d’œuvres à venir dans le cadre du dialogue entre les arts et les modes que les techniques contemporaines favorisent. Pour le récepteur contemporain, la bibliothèque patrimoniale est intériorisée comme une triple mémoire formée de la bibliothèque collective, de sa propre bibliothèque intérieure, d’une bibliothèque virtuelle où se régénèrent le corpus patrimonial et les discours qui l’environnent. Ce récepteur connaît et pratique la bibliothèque collective, vouée à la conservation de la mémoire collective ; il est conscient aussi de posséder une bibliothèque intérieure où s’opère pour lui une double conversion : il devient sujet lecteur et l’œuvre patrimoniale texte du lecteur. Cette double conversion créative se concrétise et se réalise effectivement dans la bibliothèque virtuelle multimodale, lieu de partage et de discours sur les œuvres qui lui permet d’entrer en conversation avec d’autres sujets-lecteurs et en contact avec d’autres communautés discursives et, dans ce cadre, de produire à la fois de nouveaux discours sur les œuvres mais aussi des œuvres secondes. On pose que l’œuvre source et ses objets seconds forment alors une sémiosphère multimodale. Comme les objets seconds multimodaux émanent de communautés diverses, la notion de sémiosphère réinterroge les hiérarchies culturelles héritées. Etre cultivé aujourd’hui, ce n’est plus seulement connaître les œuvres de la bibliothèque collective mais investir la sémiosphère. Le sujet lecteur est amené à devenir sujet récepteur multi-compétent, capable de naviguer d’une communauté de discours et de pratiques à une autre. Il se nourrit de la diversité, assure la communication productive entre les objets et les communautés dans la sémiosphère et favorise, par sa seule navigation experte, le développement de la sémiosphère, c’est-à-dire de la culture partagée. / This research is concerned with the epistemological upheavals which affect literary heritage in the digital and multimedia age. The first part of this work explores the origin of the notion of literary heritage in France. It provides a synthetic review of the contexts and discourses which have underpinned this notion through time. Present and past concepts are examined in terms of continuity and discontinuity. The analysis leads to the conclusion that both emerging and traditional understandings blend together creating a dynamic, complex and dialogical trace which through its paradoxes informs the founding archetypical notions of author, literary work and ‘library’. The second part examines the contemporary reception of literary heritage for which the ‘library’ represents not only a record of past literary works but constitutes a stock for future ones given the increasing trend by which the Arts are distributed to the public using the medium of multimedia digital technology. The contemporary receiver conceives and internalizes the literary heritage library in three ways: as a public library, as an internal library, and as a virtual library where heritage corpus and discourses about corpus are regenerated. This receiver knows and uses the public library as a place which is dedicated to the conservation of the collective memory; s/he is also conscious of possessing an internal library where a double conversion takes place: s/he becomes a « reader-subject » and the heritage literature is the reader’s text. This double creative conversion takes a concrete form in the virtual multimodal library where literature can be shared and discussed. This enables the receiver to start up a conversation with other readers and be connected with other discourse communities. Within this framework, new discourses are generated concerning mainstream literary works and their offshoots. We consider then that the original literary work and its offshoots constitute a multimodal semiosphere. As the derived multimodal objects come from different communities, the notion of semiosphere re-interrogates the cultural inherited hierarchies. Nowadays, being cultured does not consist in knowing the contents of the public library but instead involves being invested in the semiosphere. The reader is encouraged to become a multi-skilled receiver navigating from one discourse community and/or community of practice to another. S/he feeds on diversity, ensures prolific communication within the semiosphere between objects and communities and, thanks to expertise in multimedia browsing skills, s/he enhances the development of the semiosphere, i.e. the shared culture.

The aim of this thesis is to operationalise the concept of other-orientation. Based on an explorative approach, a tentative model for analysing the marks of other-orientation is developed. The model consists of four grammatical and pragmatic categories in language: deixis, speech acts, modality, and evaluative words. The process of finding out the significant marks in each category and develop a model has been an interplay between a thorough linguistic coding, an interpretative, evaluating reading, and abductive reasoning in a step-by-step process. Theoretically the study is based on dialogism. From this perspective, the very fact that human nature is social indicates that other-orientation is a constituent component in every communicative act. For that reason, the challenge has not been to prove that other-orientation exists in texts, but to explore how a text is made interactive, contextual, dynamic and other-oriented by means of grammatical and pragmatic selectives such as words, phrases, and clauses. The data consists of eight personally addressed mass communication letters about everyday matters. Each text has its model reader in a readers’ collective. Consequently the language in the texts is construed to form a dialogue between an in-text writer and reader that share the same context, although the distance between the real writer and reader is crucial. One result of the study is the model as such, another the analyses in which the functions of other-orientation related to the four categories are presented. Moreover, the linguistic analyses show differences between texts and readers’ collectives. Texts aimed at large anonymous collectives generally feature a direct address singular you, a high rate of positive evaluative words, more responsive speech acts, and some more potential modality. In texts aimed at a small familiar collective, there is an "I" or a "we" addressing a collective "you". There are not as many evaluative words but more assertions without any evaluation or modality. When it comes to other-orientation, the categories of deixis and speech acts tend to be of greater importance compared to modality and evaluative words. It makes a difference if you address a reader with a singular or collective "you" and if you choose to interact with responsive speech acts or informative statements. These contrast ways to address a reader are of importance for the construction of genre and say a great deal about other-orientation in texts.

閱讀是一切的根本，而圖書館是推廣閱讀和提供全民終身學習的場所。本研究為探討苗栗縣公共圖書館閱讀推廣成效評鑑與讀者滿意度，以提供本縣及其他縣（市）級圖書館作為提升服務品質的參考。本研究採取訪談法、文獻分析法及問卷調查法進行，採便利抽樣方式以苗栗縣18鄉鎮市立公共圖書館使用讀者為調查對象，發出樣本數共1,050份問卷，回收問卷969份，扣除樣本資料不完整者，有效樣本910份，有效問卷回收率為86.66%。 本研究利用SPSS統計軟體進行問卷統計，並以敘述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、信度分析等方法進行統計分析，研究分析結果如下： 一、基本資料：使用圖書館民眾以女性較多，職業以學生讀者為主，參加閱讀推廣活動最主要的訊息來源為海報文宣DM、網站、親友通知。最常參加的圖書館閱讀推廣活動為繪本共讀、說故事活動。 二.調查結果：對於本縣公共圖書館閱讀推廣成效與讀者滿意度調查顯示獲得讀者支持與肯定，整體表現滿意度高。民眾滿意度最高之前六項為：「嬰幼兒」館藏（4.66）、「兒童」館藏（4.62）、「借書次數」比以前增加（4.60）、推廣活動「訊息的提供管道」（4.59）、「Bookstart閱讀起步走-嬰幼兒」閱讀推廣活動（4.58）及「兒童」閱讀推廣活動（4.58）。而民眾最不滿意的之前六項為：「本土語言」館藏（3.13）、「多元文化」館藏（3.15）、「多元文化」閱讀推廣活動（3.20）、「本土語言」閱讀推廣活動（3.32）、「銀髮樂齡」館藏（3.70）及「銀髮樂齡」閱讀推廣活動（3.84）。 最後提出本研究結論，作為公共圖書館經營與運作之參考，並對未來相關後續研究提出建議。 / Reading is the foundation of everything, and the library is the place to promote reading and provide lifelong learning for all. This study aims to survey the overall satisfaction of Miaoli County Public Library patrons and examine the effectiveness of the library’s reading programs. The methods covered by this research study include a personal interview, literature analysis, and an expansive survey on Miaoli County Public Library patrons from the main library and its 18 branches. Of the 1050 questionnaires that were distributed as part of the survey, 969 questionnaires were completed. The questionnaires with incomplete answers were excluded, and the remaining 910 surveys were used in this analysis, resulting in a response rate of 86.66%. In this study, the researcher uses descriptive analysis, independent T-test, one-way ANOVA, and reliability test to analyze the data. The results are as follows: Most of the patrons of Miaoli County Public Library are female and students. The patrons primarily acquire information about reading activities through library posters, the online website, or by word of mouth from their family members. The most popular library reading promotion activities are the picture book reading and story-telling activities. The results also show that most patrons are satisfied with the library’s service and promote reading activities. They are most satisfied with the library’s infants and young children collections (4.66), children collections (4.62), frequency of borrowing books (4.59), bookstand activities (4.58) and reading activities for children (4.58). Otherwise, they are most unsatisfied with the library’s native language collection (3.13), Multiculturalism collection (3.15),reading activities on Multiculturalism (3.20), reading activities of native language (3.32), collections for elders (3.70) and reading activities for the elders (3.84). The results of this study are presented as reference for improving public library operations and can serve as insight for future research.