The diploma thesis deals with analysis of special economic zones in India and China. First, the general characteristics of special economic zones is given, the following section describes conditions of creation of special economic zones in China and India. Then the thesis focuses on the development of gross domestic product, foreign direct investments and exports in Chinese and Indian zones and relevant areas. The final chapter assesses the benefits of setting up special economic zones for India and China and compares the zones in both countries. The thesis finds out the development of special economic zones in China successful, while in India this policy did not reach satisfactory results. Fundamental roots of successful or unsuccessful functioning of Chinese and Indian zones are mentioned too.

Using a hybrid of the Heckscher–Ohlin model and specific factor model of trade, this article considers the phenomenon of FDI inflows only in the exportable sector of developing economies. We investigate the impact of such capital flow on factor prices and the real exchange rate (RER) in the host country. Our results indicate that the exportable production expands while both the non-traded good production and the return to the factor specific to the non-traded good decrease, consequent upon an inflow of capital specific to the exportable sector. The effect of such inflow of foreign capital on the RER is unambiguous and it increases. JEL Codes: F1, F21, F31

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

In this paper I start from the exploration of the change of industrial structure during the economic development in Taiwan after World War II. Through the document analysis, I find out the reasons why the manufacture and service industries move outside to mainland China and other areas around the world are because of the extension of market and the cut down of cost. Since China is the most important trade partner of Taiwan, I focus the study on the economic zones in China, especially the economic zone of West Coast of Taiwan Strait (West Coast economic zone). The argument of this paper is that Taiwan should take advantage of the favor policy of economic zones in China and build the supply chain in the certain economic zones with local comparative advantage industries. And the evaluation of Taiwan¡¦s economic strategy depends on which economic zone in China can offer the supply chain advantage industries with the need of Taiwan¡¦s industries. After the comparison of the current trends of the investment of Taiwanese businessmen in West Coast economic zone and other economic zones in mainland China, I find out West Coast economic zone is not Taiwanese businessmen¡¦s best choice to invest. To attract more investments from Taiwan, the authority of West Coast economic zone should alter its favor policy according to co-opettion strategy and to meet the need of Taiwan industries. In conclusion, I suggest the authorities on both side of Taiwan strait should offer the need of local comparative advantage industries according to the supply chain theory, by this way, we can get a win-win result for the both side of Taiwan Strait.

Teisės magistro baigiamojo darbo tema yra aktuali, nes pastaraisiais metais Lietuvoje sumažėjo tiesioginių užsienio investicijų. Nemažą įtaką tam galėjo turėti 2008 metų pasaulinės ekonominės krizės padariniai, tačiau nereikia atmesti prielaidos, jog Lietuva ne viską padarė, kad taptų patrauklia užsienio investuotojams. Laisvoji ekonominė zona, kaip viena iš verslo vystymo formų, forma jau yra suradusi platų pritaikymą skirtingų savo išsivystymu, dydžiu ir tradicijomis šalių ekonomikose. Sekant įvairių išsivysčiusių pasaulio šalių patirtimi, Lietuvoje taip pat buvo pradėtas laisvųjų ekonominių zonų (LEZ) steigimas. Nuo pirmojo Lietuvos LEZ įsteigimo prabėgus eilei metų, vis dar Lietuva negali pasigirti efektyvia šių zonų veikla, nors pastoviai yra ieškoma naujų investicijų pritraukimo būdų ir strategijų. Šio darbo tema buvo pasirinkta siekiant išsiaiškinti, kodėl Lietuva, būdama panašaus dydžio ir sudėties šalimi kaip Airija, nesugeba atkartoti Airijos ekonominio išsivystymo šuolio. Darbe keliama hipotezė - LEZ Lietuvoje veikia neefektyviai. Darbo tikslas: išnagrinėti Lietuvos laisvųjų ekonominių zonų steigimosi praktiką teisiniu aspektu. Tyrimo problema: Lietuvoje nepritaikomas sėkmingas Airijos LEZ vystymosi modelis. Darbo uždaviniai: aprašyti istorinius LEZ kūrimosi aspektus; išnagrinėti įvairių šalių LEZ modelius, palyginant juos su Lietuvos LEZ modeliu; išanalizuoti LEZ veiklą reglamentuojančius teisinius aktus; išnagrinėti teisinius LEZ mokestinių lengvatų taikymo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The master thesis subject is relevant, because the direct foreign investments diminished in Lithuania of late years. The fair influence was made by 2008 world economic crisis, but also there could be an assumption, that Lithuania was at the pains to become fascinating for foreign investors. Free economic zone, as one form of the trade development, made the wide practice in economies of countries, different by their development, size and traditions. Tagging along the practice of developed countries, the establishment of free economic zones (FEZ) were started in Lithuania. After some years from the first FEZ establishment, Lithuania still can not brag with effective zones activity, even if there are seeking of new ways and strategies to attract investments. The subject of this paper was chosen for the detection for what reasons Lithuania can not repeat the bound of economic development in Ireland, even if Lithuania is similar to Ireland by country size and addition. The raised hypothesis: the activity of FEZ is ineffective in Lithuania. Work purpose: to research by legal aspect the establishment practice of free economic zones. Research problem: the successful model of FEZ development in Ireland is not fitted to Lithuania. Work tasks: to describe the historic aspects of FEZ creation, to research the models of different countries‘ FEZ and to compare with Lithuania‘s model, to analyse the legal documents, regulating the activity of FEZ, to explore the principles of taxing... [to full text]

Economic development of russian regions is largely asymetric. The high level of economic development of the capital Moscow is in big contrast with the rest of Russia. But the case of the Republic of Tatarstan showes that the potential of some regions is remarkable and with the assistance of foreign capital there is a posibility to rise their economic position. Even the flow of foreign capital is limited by market deformations, Tatarstan represents the perspective destination for a foreign direct invesment, including the czech one.

This paper sought to analyse which underlying motives impacted the stances and policies taken by Greece and Türkiye regarding their disputed maritime border. The maritime border consists of two distinct areas, the Aegean Sea, and the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The analysis chose to study the two areas separately since there are differences between them. The study was conducted through the lens of Morgan and Palmer’s general theory of foreign policy, in which a state either acts reactively to preserve the current situation, or proactively to try and change it. The result of the study shows that both states acted because of security related, economic, and hegemonic motivations as well as to protect their sovereignty and national rights. Security concerns played a significant role in the dispute, as both states deemed the other to be a threat. Because of this, both Greece and Türkiyeacted reactively against each other. At the same time, Türkiye was also found to be more likely to act proactively compared to Greece who often either acted in response to Türkiye or indirectly through its allies such as the EU or Egypt.

本文以中華民國作為研究主體，探討在1982年現代國際海洋法確立之前，「漁業權」此一概念在不同時空背景下的發展過程。本研究首先上溯自清末，探討漁權概念傳入中國的過程以及後來在北京政府(1912-1928)及南京國民政府(1928-1937)的發展，雖然期間政權更迭頻繁，但漁權意識與政策並未隨著政權的更迭而有所轉變，而是彷彿接力賽般，由清末一路承襲自南京國民政府。1937年中日戰爭的爆發，中國沿海省份漸遭日軍佔領，中華民國的漁權發展方暫告一段落。 戰後國際秩序進入重整階段，雖然各國試圖透過國際海洋法會議，制定一具有公信力的國際海洋法，藉此解決諸多國際爭端；然而，在美、蘇冷戰的狀態下，各國對於國際海洋法中的「領海範圍」與「捕魚界限」均難以達成共識。如此也意味著，國際間不論是專屬漁業權或是入漁權雙邊交涉的效力，均遠大於國際法規定，且隨著不同的政治、地理以及國際關係等因素下亦有所差異，因此，本研究針對「專屬漁業權」與「入漁權」進行個案研究，探討中華民國在其中的發展歷程，並藉此比較其中的異同。

Orientadores: Antonia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral, Gonzalo Velasco Canziani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T03:44:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento_MarcelaConceicaodo_D.pdf: 3923496 bytes, checksum: 6912623d364ceffac91fd80c0119c157 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O ambiente marinho apresenta ecossistemas altamente ricos e diversos, entretanto o conhecimento sobre esses ecossistemas e os organismos que neles vivem ainda é muito esparso. Sabe-se que a perda de diversidade nesses sistemas vem crescendo sem ser apropriadamente avaliada. No Brasil, o desnvolvimento de novas fronteiras para a pesca e sua utilização, muitas vezes com pouca regulamentação e/ou fiscalização, tem levado muitos recursos à sobreexplotação. Esta forma de exploração evidencia o uso dos recursos marinhos sem um planejamento adequado. Para que haja tal planejamento, é necessário que se conheçam as vias energéticas e as relações entre os organismos que compõem esse ecossistema. De forma a contribuir para este conhecimento, no presente trabalho foram estudadas a dieta e as relações tróficas de seis espécies de peixes demersais abundantes nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil: Antigonia capros; Ariomma bondi, Genypterus brasiliensis, Synagrops bellus, Synagrops spinosus e Ventrifossa macropogon. O material provém das coletas do Programa REVIZEE Score-Sul, realizadas entre Cabo Frio (RJ) e Cabo de Santa Marta Grande (SC). Os peixes tiveram a sua dieta analisada por meio do conteúdo estomacal. Além da composição da dieta, foi avaliada a influência da profundidade, do tamanho dos indivíduos, da sazonalidade e do período do dia na obtenção de alimento. Adicionalmente, construiu-se um modelo trófico de balanço de biomassa para avaliar a comunidade demersal da área. Neste estudo foi observado que há um intenso consumo de invertebrados bentônicos, especialmente crustáceos, por todas as espécies, apesar de cada uma apresentar particularidades no comportamento alimentar, como foi constatado nas análises de dieta. Observou-se ainda que as espécies apresentam variações no consumo de alimentos relacionadas à profundidadade, tamanho dos indivíduos e área geográfica onde foram coletadas, e que os fatores que mais causam essas alterações são as variações sazonais. O consumo de invertebrados bentônicos verificado nas análises de dieta e no modelo é maior em espécies de níveis tróficos mais baixos, mas também é significativo em espécies de níveis superiores. Nesta última categoria estão inclusos grandes predadores, como tubarões e atuns, que puderam ser avaliados por meio de dados secundários na construção do modelo. Estes resultados ressaltam a importância da inclusão dos organismos bentônicos nas políticas pesqueiras e planos de manejo, uma vez que se trata de um dos principais pontos de sustentação de todo o ecossistema marinho, sobretudo o demersal / Abstract: The knowledge about marine environments and their rich and diverse ecosystems is improving across the world, but still has gaps, mainly in tropical areas. It is known that the diversity loss is globally increasing without being properly measured. Studies have shown that fisheries are looking for new areas and species aiming to attempt the global fisheries demand. This kind of resource exploitation brings evidence of inadequate fisheries planning. It is necessary the knowledge about the energy pathways and ecosystem relationships to develop appropriate fisheries management for different areas and objectives. Aiming to improve this knowledge and contribute to the appropriate fisheries management, we studied the diet and the trophic relationship of six abundant demersal fishes from Brazilian Southeast and South: Antigonia capros, Ariomma bondi, Genypterus brasiliensis, Synagrops bellus, Synagrops spinosus and Ventrifossa macropogon. The samples were collected during REVIZEE Score-Sul program, between Cabo Frio (RJ) and Cabo de Santa Marta Grande (SC). The fishes were studied based on their gut contents. It was evaluated the diet composition and the influence of depth, season, day time and specimens' size, on food choice. Additionally, we built a trophic model to evaluate the demersal community. We observed intense benthos consumption (especially crustaceans) by all species, despite their specificity. We also observed changes on food consumption according to depth, area and specimen's size, but the main responsible for changes on food consumption are the seasonal variations on the oceanographic dynamics. Benthos consumption is higher in low trophic levels than in high ones, but it is significant in high trophic levels species too, including top predators as sharks and tunas, assessed by secondary data during the model construction. These results show the necessity to include benthos impacts on fisheries management, once they are the main support of the entire marine ecosystem, especially demersal ecosystems / Doutorado / Ecologia / Doutor em Ecologia

This final thesis is dedicated to the analysis of special economic zones. The main goals of this paper are: theoretical study of SEZ, its main characteristics and outlook of specifics of Chinese SEZs, their historical and modern development trends. The first chapter is dedicated to the theoretical analysis of SEZs from various angles; it outlines main features and definitions; gives analysis of the effects of SEZ on the domestic economy and analyses factors for successful zone launch. It contains analysis of the main goals and roles of SEZs in the economy; describes SEZs in BRIC countries. The second chapter is dedicated to the specifics of Chinese SEZs and description of the Chinese liberalization reforms with the emphasis put on SEZs. It provides description of the main reasons for zones launching in China, their roles and features, investor's motivation for entry onto the Chinese market, the role of ethnic Chinese, effect of SEZs. The third chapter introduces modern development trends of SEZs in China. It describes new types of zones, analyses new growth tendencies, evaluates the effects of the current five-year plan on goals and development priorities of SEZs, and examines impacts of SEZs on the realization of state development programme. The last chapter is focused on the selected SEZs with emphasis on current development trends and SWOT analysis of Chinese SEZs. This chapter applies theoretical knowledge gained in previous chapters on the analysis of the selected zones. This paper, as a result, provides the complex overview of Chinese SEZs, current development trends and their impacts on the Chinese economy.