Existem vários discursos que coincidem espaço-temporalmente com a emergência da chamada questão ambiental e uma dessas produções diz respeito à formação de conceitos e práticas referentes ao ecoturismo. Entendendo que a criação e difusão de determinados discursos estão intimamente veiculados à fabricação de subjetividades, identidades e práticas, consideramos a relevância de analisar a temática do ecoturismo sob o viés do poder. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar como uma ideia de natureza é concebida e fetichizada pelas atividades de lazer, bem como as formas em que o discurso sobre o desejo de reaproximação do homem com o meio ambiente vem sendo elaborado e disponibilizado como um diferencial do mercado turístico. Foram analisados enunciados presentes em materiais publicitários, como folders e cadernos destinados à venda de pacotes de ecoturismo, propalados em forma de textos e imagens, tanto de operadoras especializadas no segmento ambiental quanto daquelas consideradas tradicionais. Utilizamos os estudos de Michel Foucault sobre a análise do discurso, a fim de melhor compreender como enunciados recorrentes adquirem novas formas e práticas para alcançarem finalidades, a princípio dadas como alternativas, mas que primam pela soberania do humano sobre o meio ambiente. No caso das falas e imagens acerca da natureza identificamos com frequência conceitos como wilderness (natureza intocada e paradisíaca) e, portanto, constituindo o ambiente natural como antagônico à cultura, distante do humano e como um contraponto à concepção ocidental de urbano. Sobre a reaproximação do ser humano com o meio ambiente percebemos que é apresentada como algo que exige infraestruturas e serviços diferenciados, frente a roteiros mais populares com possibilidade de modificar a percepção e a atribuição de sentidos da vida dos turistas. As análises sobre a criação de paraísos e de experiências por meio do ecoturismo apontam para a formulação de cenários espetaculares que operam como plano de fundo para os momentos de lazer; as múltiplas possibilidades de se experimentar a natureza e a criação de desejos e públicos consumidores diversos, que, sob uma ótica foucaultiana se relaciona à produção de subjetividades; a conexão do ecoturismo com outros segmentos deste setor do mercado, em especial o de luxo; e o apagamento de atividades de educação ambiental como um componente tido como fundamental pelos acadêmicos para o exercício de viagens de caráter ambiental, mesmo considerando que os materiais publicitários podem atuar como ferramenta de educação visual sobre ambientes naturais idealizados. O enunciado acerca da produção de uma variedade de atividades que proporcionam a reaproximação humana e experiências em meio à natureza nos indica o amplo interesse do capital em se apropriar da temática ambiental. O apelo emocional para criar e atrair diversos públicos para este tipo de atividade tem potencial para fabricar várias identidades e desejos por meio dos discursos e de práticas de mercado / There are several discourses matching spatio-temporally with the emergence of so-called environmental issue and one of those productions says about the formation of concepts and pratices related to ecotourism. Understanding that the creation and diffusion of determinated discourses are deeply conveyed to the fabrication of subjectivities, identities and pratices, it is relevant to analyse the subject of ecotourism through the power. This paper aims to analyse how an idea of nature is conceived and fetishized by leisure activities, as well as the forms of discourses about the desire of rapprochement between the human being and environment has been elaborated and introduced as a differential of tourism market. It was analysed the wordings found on advertising material like folders and booklets for the sale of ecotourism packages, publicized as texts and images, both by specialized operators in the environmental sector and those considered traditional. It was used studies done by Michel Foucault about the analyse of the discourse, in order to better understand how recurring messages acquires new and practical forms to achieve goals, at first known as alternatives, but only increases the idea of the sovereignty of the human on the environment. On images and discourses about nature, it is possible identify frequently concepts like wilderness (untouched and paradisiacal nature) and, therefore, building the environment as something antagonistic to culture, distant from the human and as a counterpoint to occidental concept of urban. About the rapprochement of the human being with the environment, it is possible to realise that is presented as something that demands infrastructure and different services when compared to routings more popular with the possibility of modifying the perception and the attribution of meaning of the tourists life. The analysis about creation of paradises and experiences through ecotourism points to the formulation of spectaculars sceneries that operates as a background for leisure moments; the multiples possibilities to experience the nature and the creation of desires and varied classes of costumers, that, through a Foucauldian optical relates to production of subjectivities; the connexion of ecotourism with another segmentations on this sector of the trade, specially the luxury one, and the erasure of environmental education activities as a component considered as fundamental by the academics for the exercise of environment travel, even considering that advertising material can act like a tool of visual education about idealized natural environments. The wording about the production of a variety of activities that provides a human re-engagement and experiences surrounded by nature highlights us a relevant interest of capital for appropriating the environmental theme. The emotional appeal for creating and attract several audiences for this type of activity has potential to create many identities and desires though discourses and market practices

O presente trabalho analisa um conjunto de ações e reflexões sobre o ecoturismo na Região do Alto rio Negro com o objetivo de preparar as comunidades indígenas, citadinas ou não, para que possam, através do processo de gestão territorial e do conhecimento desenvolvido por meio de educação ambiental e patrimonial, planejar, gerir projetos de sustentabilidade em ecoturismo ou outros para manterem a autonomia sobre suas terras e suas vidas. A metodologia da pesquisa participante adotada permite que os envolvidos demonstrem seus conhecimentos sobre seu território e sua cultura, fortalecendo suas identidades enquanto povos indígenas, como sua auto-estima e dignidade, possibilitando-lhes reafirmarem-se como protagonistas, ao assumirem o controle das forças de transformação da sociedade promovida pelo contato com a economia de mercado, predominante na sociedade contemporânea. Tal participação pode minimizar ou excluir os riscos dos impactos indesejáveis que o ecoturismo possa trazer, propiciando-lhes incorporar valores, práticas, significados do sistema mundial de acordo com suas visões de mundo e seus interesses. A autora espera que o resultado deste trabalho possa contribuir para a construção de Políticas Públicas para o ecoturismo indígena, propiciando uma reflexão sobre os conceitos turismo indígena, turismo étnico, etnoturismo, ecoturismo indígena e, ao mesmo tempo, sobre as formas de participação das comunidades tradicionais indígenas e não indígenas nos projetos e políticas públicas a serem implementadas pelo Estado e organizações não-governamentais em qualquer ramo de atividade. / This work analyses a conjunt of actions and considerations on ecotourism in Alto Rio Negro (High Negro River), in Amazonas State (Brazil), with the aim to prepare urban or country native communities to be able, through the process of territorial and knowledge management, developed through environmental and patrimonial education, to plan and run sustainable projects in ecotourism over their lands and their lives. The participant research methodology adopted allows the native to demonstrate their knowledge on their territory and their culture, encouraging their identities as native peoples and their self-esteem and dignity, making possible for them to reassert themselves as protagonists, by assuming the control of the of the transformation forces of society furthered by the contact with the market economy, predominant in present day society. Such participation might reduce or exclude the risks of undesirable impacts that ecotourism might produce, allowing them to incorporate values, practices, meanings of the word system according to their way of thinking and their interests. The autoress expects that this work might be able to contribute for the construction of Public Politics in native ecotourism, producing a reflection on the concepts on native tourism, ethnic tourism, ethnotourism, ecotourism, native ecotourism and at the same time on the forms of participation of native and non-natives traditional communities in public and political projects to be developed by the State and nongovernmental organizations in any branch of activity.

O objetivo central da tese é discutir a governança do turismo antártico. Com o crescente turismo no Continente Antártico, surge a ameaça da tragédia dos comuns, ou seja, na ausência de uma regulamentação internacional específica sobre o turismo na Antártica, o aumento desenfreado do fluxo turístico poderia ser insustentável levando a danos permanentes ao meio-ambiente da região. A partir de ampla revisão bibliográfica, documental de entrevistas com atores envolvidos e da execução do trabalho de campo a bordo do MS Veendam da Holland America a hipótese da tragédia dos comuns em curso foi rejeitada, pois foi possível observar que o turismo antártico tem uma governança dada pela existência de uma rede público privada de governança (RPPG). / The main objective of this work is to discuss Antarctics tourism governance. With the growing number of tourists visiting the Antarctic Continent increases the threat of the tragedy of commons. In other words, in the absence of a specific international regulation on Antarctic tourism the rapid influx of tourists may be unsustainable leading to permanent damages to the environment. After a thoughtful literature and documental revision, semistructured interviews with actors involved in the question and field work aboard MS Veendam from Holland America I rejected the hypothesis of an ongoing tragedy of commons. There is already in place a system of governance of Antarctic tourism through a network of public private governance (NPPG).

Orientador: Heloísa Turini Bruhns / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T16:44:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Frederico_IsabelaBarbosa_M.pdf: 4577432 bytes, checksum: e9a5ff951c5bad8eec33fd0654f0c1b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Ao longo dos embates sobre a problemática ambiental é convergente a ideia de que é preciso resgatar a relação de pertencimento entre o ser humano e a natureza, através do despertar de sensibilidades e conhecimentos. O ecoturismo, através da interação entre o homem e o espaço, pode contribuir para a formação de significações e valorações do espaço natural. Para tanto, a presente pesquisa objetiva explorar as vivências que se estabelecem durante a prática, como forma de contribuir para o entendimento das potencialidades do contato experiencial. A informação derivada da experiência é considerada importante para os fins de planejamento da atividade em questão. A área de estudo contemplada será a RPPN "Santuário do Caraça" em Minas Gerais. A pesquisa de caráter qualitativo utiliza como instrumentos a observação participante e as entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os atores envolvidos durante a atividade na unidade. Os resultados evidenciaram uma constante relação entre o espaço natural e o histórico cultural nas representações dos visitantes com o local, além de uma acentuada espiritualidade vivenciada. A partir das reflexões realizadas, pretende-se ampliar os diálogos em torno do ecoturismo e da educação ambiental em unidades de conservação / Abstract: During the discussions on environmental issues is convergent the idea that is necessary to rescue the relationship of belonging between human and nature through the awakening of sensitivities and knowledge. Ecotourism, through the interaction between man and space, can contribute to the formation of meanings and valuations of natural space. Therefore, the present research aims to explore the experiences that are established during practice, as a way of contributing to the understanding of the potential of the experiential contact. The information derived from the experience is considered important for the planning purposes of the activity in question. The study area covered will be the protected area "Santuário do Caraça" in Minas Gerais. The qualitative research instruments used in this research were the participant observation and semi-structured interviews with the participants involved in the activity in the unit. The results showed a constant relationship between the natural area and the historical places in visitor's representations of the location, as well as the spiritual experience. In conclusion, the goal is to expand the dialogue around the presence of ecotourism and environmental education in protected areas / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestra em Geografia

The present paper has applied geoprocessing techniques in association with space high-resolution images in order to develop an experimental work by generating thematic maps which may be useful for the planning process of the ecotourism. The generated cartographic products were: ecotourism map, use of the land and vegetal covering, clinographic, hypsometric, digital terrain model (DTM), environmental conflicts, areas under erosion risk, areas under flooding risk and with potential fragility for ecotourism activities. The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Idrisi 32 and VistaSAGA 2006, the space high-resolution image of the satellite Ikonos II and the Global Positioning System (GPS) besides other computer programs such as Carta linx 1.2, Campeiro 5.0, Adobe Photoshop CS2, and the Corel Draw 12 have been applied. The work has been accomplished in an area of 1600 hectares where Morro do Elefante is located in the municipal district of Arroio Grande in the city of Santa Maria-RS. The first performed crossings have generated risk maps (erosion and flooding) and conflicts (areas of permanent preservation of draining and nascent used in a wrong way). Subsequently, has been accomplished the crossing of the maps of areas with erosion, flooding and permanent preservation risk originating the map of potential fragility for the ecotourism activities. The areas within the APPs have been considered as the most fragile besides being the ones with highest risk of flooding, erosive processes and of sliding. Thus, we can say that the making of thematic maps is of fundamental importance for the maintainable development of the ecotourism. The use of geoprocessing techniques allows the obtaining of accurate information which for being stored in a digital environment they may be easily crossed and updated by accessing the Geographic Database generating, thus, new information. / O presente trabalho utilizou técnicas de geoprocessamento associadas à imagem de alta resolução espacial para desenvolver um trabalho experimental, através da geração de mapas temáticos que possam auxiliar no processo de planejamento do ecoturismo. Os produtos cartográficos gerados foram: mapa de ecoturismo, uso da terra e cobertura vegetal, clinográfico, hipsométrico, modelo digital do terreno (MDT), conflitos ambientais, áreas com risco de erosão, áreas com risco de inundação e fragilidade potencial para atividades de ecoturismo. Utilizou-se os Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG) Idrisi32 e VistaSAGA 2006, a imagem de alta resolução espacial do satélite Ikonos II e o Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS), além de outros programas computacionais como o Carta Linx 1.2, o Campeiro 5.0, o Adobe Photoshop CS2, e o Corel Draw 12. O trabalho foi aplicado em uma área de 1600 ha onde se localiza o Morro do Elefante e seu entorno, no distrito de Arroio Grande, município de Santa Maria RS. Os primeiros cruzamentos efetuados geraram mapas de riscos (erosão e inundação) e conflitos (áreas de preservação permanente de drenagens e nascentes utilizadas de forma inadequada). Num segundo momento efetuou-se o cruzamento dos mapas de áreas com risco de erosão, inundação e preservação permanente dando origem ao mapa de fragilidade potencial para atividades de ecoturismo. Foram consideradas como áreas mais frágeis as que se encontram dentro das APPs, além das áreas mais sujeitas a alagamentos e a processos erosivos e de deslizamentos. Desse modo, pode-se dizer que a confecção de mapas temáticos é de suma importância para o desenvolvimento sustentável do ecoturismo. A utilização das técnicas de geoprocessamento propiciam a obtenção de informações precisas e que por estarem armazenadas em meio digital podem ser facilmente cruzadas e atualizadas através do acesso ao Banco de Dados Geográfico, gerando dessa forma novas informações.

The objective of the study was to establish the behaviour and experience of tourists while visiting privately owned game lodges in Mpumalanga and the Northern Province. The theoretical objectives were to determine from a demand and a supply perspective what the phenomenon wildlife tourism entails. The aim was to unveil the consumer behaviour of wildlife tourists and to delineate the components and levels of the game lodge product. It was also deemed necessary to investigate wildlife utilisation issues in a South African context and to describe the tourism industry in South Africa with special reference to game lodges and ranches, and the holiday markets of Mpumalanga and the Northern Province. Lastly the complexities of marketing destinations and attraction products had to be uncovered. The objective of the empirical study was to ascertain what attracts visitors to game lodges, what they do and experience during the visit and what they find most appealing. The hypothesis was that wildlife tourists customise the components of the overall product which they consume in order to create memorable and differentiated experiences. Interviews with 68 visitors were held on location and at a regional airport who stayed at least one day and night at a lodge, and with 50 people who influenced the visitor experience, such as game rangers, tourist guides, managers, personnel, intermediaries and so forth. The findings contribute to an understanding of the features and benefits of the game lodge product from a visitor’s perspective. The core attraction for foreigners is to experience something unusual; to have an intimate new emotional experience. To go ‘on safari’ is in vogue and it satisfies a spirit of adventure, as well as a long held fascination with seeing animals in a genuine wilderness, especially the Big Five. Visitors want to live in a fantasy world of the past and share the animal’s world for a while. Whereas overseas visitors want to be busy and have a catered experience, South Africans want to confirm their emotional bond with Africa and experience timelessness and solitude amongst the animals; they want a being experience. Overseas visitors are on holiday and visiting a game lodge is part of a personal growth experience, whilst South Africans take short breaks and will return to for the genuine magic of the bush. / Prof. J.A. Bennett

Wildlife ecotourism is becoming a well-established industry due to its ability to contribute to local economies and the growing tourist demand for opportunities to observe endangered or rare species. Wildlife ecotourism is also recognized for its ability to provide free choice-learning settings for visitors, through the use of environmental interpretation programs. The process of environmental interpretation is a communication phenomenon thought to hold the potential to contribute to conservation by educating and raising awareness amongst tourists about environmental issues. Using a qualitative phenomenological research design, this research examined the environmental interpretation programs of great white shark ecotourism operators in Gansbaai, South Africa, from the perspective of tourists. Findings indicated that while tourists did not primarily choose to embark on shark tourism excursions to learn more about the species, many participants became slightly more informed about great whites and the surrounding environment after their experience. It was also found that most participants did not experience nervousness or fear when in the water with great whites, but instead felt an emotional connection and appreciation for the animal, causing a shift towards pro-conservation attitudes.

The thesis is orientated on the ecotourism development on Socotra. The thesis includes own servey with the aim to set the present situation on the Chech and German TO-market as well as the willingness of the potential tourists to travel to Socotra. Since ecotourism plays very imortant role in the whole tourism industry, a part of this thesis is dedicted to this topic.

The concepts of ecotourism and sustainable tourism at the local level refer to the processes within which tourism can foster and contribute to sustainable development at tourist destinations. This thesis argues that in order for destinations to move towards sustainability, tourism must be properly planned and managed towards this goal. Assuming that tourism is a community-industry, planning for tourism must incorporate the perspectives of all tourism stakeholders, including community residents who share their space with tourists and are also part of the tourism product. Using a mixed-methodology that combined 11 unstructured interviews with a 117-respondent survey, this study reports the main constraints for the development of a sustainable tourist destination. It also brings to light the perspectives of the local community on tourism development. I conclude that for the destination to move towards sustainability, barriers must be acknowledged and overcome. Some suggestions are made in this regard. / Science, Faculty of / Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for / Graduate

This study is about the Rural Tourism Development Strategy as a means to a co-ordinated, integrated and sustainable tourism in rural areas for the enhancement of the quality of life and tourist satisfaction. The empirical domain includes a critical analysis of the South African Tourism Strategy from a Rural Tourism perspective in comparison with International Renowned Rural Tourism Strategies. The research therefore adopts a comparative approach and is structures by pre-determined objectives. Theoretical discussions and research survey have been employed to achieve the research aim and to answer the research question. The research examines the potential of Rural Tourism in the Limpopo Province, presents National and Provincial Tourism Strategies, the Australian Rural Tourism Strategy, rural tourism participants and key issues that are crucial for Rural Tourism success. The conceptual analysis concludes that Rural Tourism is an internationally recognised unique tourism brand and that the Limpopo Province is rich in rural tourism resources. However, the Province lacks a co-ordinated an integrated Rural Tourism Development Strategy. Key issues and participants in rural tourism have been suggested. These issues from the guidelines for a Rural Tourism Development Strategy. The issues are: 1) Rural Product and Enterprise Development, 2) Accreditation and Industry standards, 3) Education and Training, 4) Marketing and Marketing Analysis, 5) Industry and Community leadership, 6) Transport and Infrastructure, 7) Provincial and Local government, 8) Policy and Support strategies. The proposed guidelines for a rural tourism development strategy are seen as a universal framework dependent on, and influenced by the context and environment in which the framework is applied. The proposed guidelines can contribute to tourism development in rural areas and enrich the personal rural tourists’ satisfaction, contribute to the protection of both the cultural and natural tourism resources on which rural tourism depends, integrate nature-based and cultural tourism activities, stimulate sustainable resource use and spread tourism economic, social and environmental benefits to rural areas where it matters most. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology / MSc / Unrestricted