Bibliography: leaves 102-105. Presents an ecological management plan for Riung to ensure that the unique environment and traditional culture are protected while ecotourism thrives. Provides strategies and actions; and designed as a model for an Indonesian ecotourism management plan.

Tourism has the potential of leaving permanent footprints on the physical, cultural and economic environments of tourism destinations. Understanding and managing these footprints is paramount to understanding the industry, and to the successful management of the associated host-guest relationships. Research questions and objectives examine the concepts of tourism carrying capacity and tourism space to determine whether tourism development in Tofino, British Columbia has exceeded its limits of acceptable use. Data were collected through surveys directed to three stakeholder groups; local residents, tourism businesses and tourists. Data were analyzed using quantitative, qualitative and spatial means. The research found that tourism carrying capacity has not been exceeded for the business and tourist participants, but is divided within the resident stakeholder group. Perceived tourism space was similar for all participant groups, but some identified areas did not match the defined boundaries of tourism use set forth by the District of Tofino.

Οι περιοχές των παράκτιων – παραποτάμιων υγροτόπων εμφανίζουν μία σειρά από ιδιαίτερα κοινά χαρακτηριστικά, τόσο σε οικολογικό, όσο και σε κοινωνικοοικονομικό επίπεδο. Οι Εκβολές είναι οικοσυστήματα υψηλής παραγωγικότητας και ως εκ τούτου, περιοχές που συγκεντρώνουν πλούσια βιοποικιλότητα, αλλά και ταυτόχρονα, ανθρωπογενείς δραστηριότητες (γεωργία, αλιεία, κτηνοτροφία κ.λπ.). Το ζητούμενο της αειφορικής διαχείρισης, σε αυτές τις περιοχές, είναι η αρμονική συνύπαρξη «ανθρώπου» και «φύσης» στα πλαίσια μιας βιώσιμης οικονομικής ανάπτυξης. Η εφαρμογή οικοτουριστικών προγραμμάτων μπορεί να συνεισφέρει σημαντικά στην ανάπτυξη τους, ενισχύοντας την τοπική οικονομία, ενώ πέρα των οικονομικών, επιτυγχάνουν και κοινωνικούς σκοπούς, όπως τη παραμονή του πληθυσμού στο τόπο του, αλλά και περιβαλλοντικούς προστατεύοντας το φυσικό περιβάλλον. Ο ποταμός Καλαμάς (Θύαμις) αποτελεί σημαντικό τμήμα της αλυσίδας των υγροτόπων της Δυτικής Ελλάδας. Πηγάζει από το Όρος Δούσκος του Ν. Ιωαννίνων, κοντά στα ελληνοαλβανικά σύνορα, διασχίζει ολόκληρη την βορειοδυτική Ήπειρο (Ν. Ιωαννίνων και Θεσπρωτίας) και εκβάλει στην περιοχή της Σαγιάδας, βόρεια της πόλης της Ηγουμενίτσας, ενός συνεχώς αναπτυσσόμενου αστικού κέντρου και σημαντικού λιμανιού – πύλης εισόδου από τη δυτική Ευρώπη. Η περιοχή μελέτης της παρούσας εργασίας αναφέρεται στο Δέλτα και το κάτω ρου του ποταμού Καλαμά. Η περιοχή του Δέλτα έχει ενταχθεί στο δίκτυο Natura 2000 (GR2120001) ως Τόπος Κοινοτικής Σημασίας (pSCI). Από διαχειριστική άποψη εντάσσεται στο Φορέα Διαχείρισης Στενών και Εκβολών Ποταμών Αχέροντα και Καλαμά. Στόχοι της παρούσας εργασίας είναι: η ανάδειξη της πολιτιστικής και φυσικής κληρονομιάς της περιοχής, μέσω του σχεδιασμού οικοτουριστικών διαδρομών και η διερεύνηση δράσεων τόσο στο πρωτογενή τομέα όσο και στο τριτογενή (τουρισμός), οι οποίες θα μπορούν να εξασφαλίζουν μία οικονομική βιωσιμότητα και ποιότητα ζωής του τοπικού πληθυσμού. Στην παρούσα εργασία προτείνονται και περιγράφονται δέκα οικοτουριστικές διαδρομές (εννέα χερσαίες – μία υδάτινη), μέσα από τις οποίες ο επισκέπτης θα ενημερώνεται και θα ευαισθητοποιείται για τα ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά της περιοχής καθ’ όλη τη διάρκεια του έτους. Επίσης, προτείνονται θέματα για την Περιβαλλοντική Εκπαίδευση των μαθητών που επισκέπτονται την περιοχή, εστιάζοντας σε διάφορες θεματικές ενότητες (παραδοσιακή αλιεία, κ.ά.) Σε γενικές γραμμές η περιοχή διαθέτει ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά που τη καθιστούν ελκυστική για ανάπτυξη οικοτουριστικών δραστηριοτήτων, αλλά και περιβαλλοντικών δράσεων στα πλαίσια της περιβαλλοντικής εκπαίδευσης και ευαισθητοποίησης. Τα στοιχεία αυτά είναι η πλούσια βιοποικιλότητα σε όλα τα επίπεδα (τοπίων, τύπων οικοτόπων, πανίδας, ορνιθοπανίδας, χλωρίδας κ.λπ.), η μακρόχρονη ιστορία, η πλούσια πολιτιστική κληρονομιά, τα τοπικά προϊόντα, τα μεγάλα έργα υποδομής (Εγνατία οδός, Νέος Λιμένας κ.λπ.) και οι παραδοσιακές μέθοδοι και πρακτικές του παρελθόντος αναφορικά με την ορθολογική διαχείριση των φυσικών πόρων. Φυσικά διαπιστώθηκαν και πολλές αδυναμίες όπως: η ελλιπής αξιοποίηση ορισμένων μνημείων πολιτιστικής της κληρονομιάς, παράνομες δραστηριότητες (λαθροθηρία / λαθρομετανάστες), η λανθασμένη διαχείριση των φυσικών πόρων κ.ά. Η αξιοποίηση από τους τοπικούς φορείς, των αποτελεσμάτων που προέκυψαν μέσω της ανάλυσης SWOT, η παρακολούθηση και η διαχείριση των επισκεπτών από το κέντρο πληροφόρησης του Φ.Δ., καθώς και η διασύνδεση της αγροτικής και αλιευτικής δραστηριότητας με τον τουρισμό, μπορούν να συμβάλουν στη βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη της περιοχής. Παρόμοιες δράσεις οικοτουριστικής ανάπτυξης κρίνεται αναγκαίο να εφαρμοστούν τόσο και στις υπόλοιπες περιοχές του δικτύου Natura 2000 στο Νομό που δεν εντάσσονται σε κάποιον Φορέα διαχείρισης όσο και σε περιοχές εκτός Natura βοηθώντας έτσι στην προστασία και οικονομική ανάπτυξη τους. / The areas around coastal or riverside wetlands present a series of common features both ecologically and on a socio-economic level. Estuaries are ecosystems of high productivity but they also entail rich biodiversity and human activity (agriculture, fishery, animal husbandry etc). The 'challenge' of sustainable management in these areas is the harmonious coexistence of man with nature under a viable economic development. The implementation of eco-tourist programmes can contribute significantly to their development by boosting the local economy, while, apart from economic issues, they achieve social goals, for example the fact that local residents remain in their area, but also environmental ones such as the protection of the natural environment. The river Kalamas (Thyamis) is an important part of the chain of wetlands in West Greece. The river emanates from the mountain Douskos in the Peripheral unit Ioannina near the Greek - Albanian borders, crosses the whole northwest Epirus (the Peripheral units Ioannina and Thesprotia) and it discharges itself in the area of Sagiada to the north of Igoumenitsa, which is a constantly developing urban centre and a major port - a gateway from west Europe. The study area of the present paper concerns the estuaries and the lower watercourse of the river Kalamas. The region around the estuaries has been included in the Natura 2000 network (GR2120001) as a site of community importance (pSCI). Regarding management, it is a part of the straits and Estuaries of the Kalamas and Acheron agency. The present study is aimed at highlighting the cultural and natural heritage of the area, through the planning of eco-tourism corridors, and at searching for actions , in the primary sector but also in the tertiary one (tourism), which will be able to ensure an economic viability and high living standards for the local population. In the present paper, ten eco-tourist routes (nine on land- one watery), through which the visitor will get informed and be sensitized to the distinctive features of the region throughout the year, are put forward and described. Furthermore, topics on the Environmental Education of students who visit the region, focusing on various thematic units such as the traditional fishery etc., are suggested. In general, the region presents distinctive features which render it appropriate for engaging in eco-tourist as well as environmental activities within the framework of Environmental Education and sensitization. These characteristics include the rich biodiversity at every level (landscapes, habitat types, fauna, avifauna, flora etc.), the long history, the rich cultural heritage, the local products, the infrastructure (Egnatia highway, New Port etc.) and the traditional methods and practices of the past in relation to the rational management of the natural resources. Naturally enough, many shortcomings were detected such as the insufficient exploitation of some cultural heritage monuments, illegal activities (poaching/ illegal immigrants) or the poor management of the natural resources etc. The exploitation, by the local authorities, of the findings that came to light through the SWOT analysis, the monitoring and the management of the visitors by information centre of Kalamas river as well as the connection between agricultural / fishing activity and tourism can contribute to the sustainable development of the area. It is necessary that similar actions of eco-tourist development take place in the rest regions belonging to the Natura 2000 network in the Peripheral unit, which are however not included in any management agency board, as well as in regions out of Natura which will, in this way, be assisted in protecting themselves and developing their economy.

Assignment (MFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The ongoing environmental destruction that results from the continuous use of the woodland resources for economic purposes has caused extensive changes in the original vegetation of Goba area of southern Mozambique. Developing alternative sources of income for communities can reduce their dependence on the production of charcoal, building materials and wood carvings. The lack of infrastructure and remoteness of these localities from the markets make alternatives economically unfeasible and thus unsustainable for rural development. Ineffective policy planning that does not address the problem in a holistic way causes the dilemma of local people in remote areas. The challenge at Goba is to develop alternative livelihoods that are economically, socially and ecologically sustainable. Nature-based tourism has been identified as such an alternative to realize this goal. However, this development requires incentives for sustainable resource use, which can be created either by expanding the benefits accruing from the efficient use of the resource or by changing the distribution of the benefits and cost in favor of the users. In many cases, local communities have developed tourism initiatives in ecologically fragile, remote areas, without sound planning based on detailed ecological and socio-economic information. Uncontrolled flows of tourists in unplanned tourist destinations degrade these areas. These destinations lose their aesthetic appeal; tourism flow decreases and consequently new attractions are opened. This study is of a land use planning nature and follows a combination of existing framework tools. The primary aim of this study was to develop simple guidelines for nature-based tourism that contribute to the conservation and management of the rural woodland areas as well as to the improved socio-economic welfare of rural communities in the Goba area. The study used baseline information for planning, focusing on the tourism market and on the ecological and socia-economical aspects of the siudy area. Two strategies were used to obtain the information, namely market research and attraction resources analysis. The market research in the southern part of Mozambique shows that: International tourist flows are at present from Southern African countries mostly South Africa (more than 50%), North America, Europe and Australia or Asia. Mozambique is perceived mainly as a sunny beach destination for vacations and weekends though most of the tourists were engaged in multi-destination itineraries that included safari, wildernesses, bird watching, touring and curiosity. There was no evidence from any tourist that nature tourism was the reason to visit Mozambique, but many of them said that they would visit ecotourism and nature tourism destinations if available. The average daily expenditure per tourist was found to be US$47. Tourists from long-haul distances had higher disposable expenditures and stayed longer in both attraction assets and in the country. Sixty nine per cent (69%) of surveyed tourists were over 50 years of age and they were mostly males (57%). The results show clearly that many issues must be taken into consideration where the development of ecotourism and nature-based tourism, especially in rural areas, is concerned. Such considerations should include (i) careful planning of the destinations based on the local developmental policy; (ii) developing saleable tourist products and packages and (iii), promotional strategies to expand the market to capture tourists with high average daily expenditure. The rural communities can then have a chance to develop nature-based tourism that uses outstanding natural resources. The resources analysis study results revealed that: The rugged topographic, climatic conditions of Goba water catchment area and the distance from settlements have naturally preserved local forest resources from human utilization. The area has well conserved and differentiated natural scenic landscape. These scenic landscapes have recreational values as well as environmental contrast, scientific discovery potential and retention of vanishing biological species. To preserve or improve the management of these landscapes, it is essential to consider recreation use in relation to all other potential values. Few existing landscapes showed a relative ability to absorb impacts produced by facility development with a minimum negative effect on the visual and ecological quality of the landscape. The majority of the landscapes have some potential for primitive and sensitive recreational spectrum. All these results are consistent with results from similar studies on watershed and water catchment ecology. Given the constraints on the environmental settings of the Goba landscapes, it is recommended that the basic and logic framework development should attract tourists interested in the more primitive portion of the recreational spectrum and should have fewer facilities of small-scale building. These facilities should be rustic in character with less service and more emphasis on self-reliance. Improved management of the Goba ecosystem is needed to maintain the ecological functions of the catchment and local culture and rurality. In conclusion, this study suggests that, if on these remote fragile ecosystems local communities can protect and market attractive quality-of-life-amenities, maintain a relatively low cost of living, and offer serviceable links to global telecommunication infrastructures in order to attract tourists and retirees, these communities can survive and may even thrive as local economies. An incentive planning method and sustained extension outreach effort in rural development, which focuses on nourishing local action at the grassroots level, will complement such a policy strategy. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Omvattende verandering van die natuurlike plantegroei in die Goba area van suiderlike Mosambiek is teweeg gebring deur die deurlopende bentting van die omgewing deur die misbruik van die natuurlike hulpbronne vir ekonomiese wins. Die ontwikkeling van alternatiewe inkomstebronne vir plaaslike gemeenskap kan hul afhanklikheid van hout vir die produksie van houtskool, boumateriaal en houtsneewerk verminder. Die gebrek aan infrastruktuur en die groot afstande na markte maak die verkoop van die houtprodukte in stedelike gebiede onprakties en dus nie 'n volhoubare oplossing vir landelike ontwikkeling nie. Oneffektiewe beleidsbeplanning wat die probleem nie holisites benader nie veroorsaak 'n dilemma vir inwoners in afgeleë gebiede. Die uitdaging in Goba is om alternatiewe bronne van inkomste te ontwikkel wat ekonomies, sosiaal en ekologies volhoubaar is. Natuurgebaseerde toerisme is geïdentifiseer as 'n moontlike alternatief wat aan die doel kan beantwoord. Die ontwikkeling van eko-toerisme sal egter net slaag indien die plaaslike bevolking genoegsaam aangemoedig word om die natuurlike hulpbronne op 'n volhoubare basis te benut. Dit kan gedoen word óf deur winste terug te ploeg in die omgewing en so die toerisme basis te vergroot óf deur winsdeling op 'n gebruikersgunstige voordele- en kostebasis te behartig. In baie gevalle het plaaslike gemeenskappe toerisme inisiatiewe in sensitiewe, afgeleë gebiede ontwikkel, sonder deeglike beplanning wat op uitgebreide ekologiese en sosio-ekonomiese inligting berus. Die onbeheerde toeriste aanloop na onbeplande areas lei tot die stelselmatige vernietiging daarvan. Hierdie bestemmings verloor hul estetiese waarde en het tot gevolg dat toeriste ander ongerepte areas gaan soek. Hierdie studie handeloor die beplanning van grondgebruik en volg 'n kombinasie van bestaande raamwerk prosedure. Die primêre doel van hierdie ondersoek is om eenvoudige riglyne vir natuurgebaseede eko-toerisme te ontwikkel wat 'n bydra kan lewer tot die bewaring en bestuur van die natuurlike wonde en wat die sosioekonomiese welvaart van die plaaslike bevolking van Goba sal bevorder. Die studie maak gebruik van basiese inligting vir beplanning, en fokus op die toeristemark sowel as op die ekologiese en sosioekonomiese aspekte van die studie-area. Die twee strategieë wat gevolg is om inligting in te win is marknavorsing en die analise van toeriste-attraksie hulpbronne. Marknavorsing in die suide van Mosambiek toon dat die meerderheid internasionale besoekers aan Mosambiek afkomstig is van lande in Suidelike Afrika (Suid-Afrika alleen 50%), en daarna uit Noord- Amerika, Europa and Australië/Asië. Mosambiek word hoofsaaklik as 'n sonnige strandoord-bestemming vir vakansies en naweke beskou, hoewel die meeste toeriste 'n multi-bestemming reisplan volg wat safaris, ornitologie, reis en besoeke aan besienswaardighede insluit. Daar is geen bewys gevind dat enige toeris Mosambiek besoek het met eko-toerisme as doel nie, maar baie sou belangstelom dit te doen indien ekoen natuurgebaseerde toeriste-betemmings beskikbaar was. Die gemiddelde daaglikse uitgawe per toeris was US$47. Toeriste wat groot afstande moes aflê om hul bestemming te bereik het meer beskikbare fondse en bly langer, beide in die land en by verskillende attraksies. Van die toeriste by wie die opname gemaak is 69% ouer as 50 jaar en die meerderheid (57%) was mans. Die resultate toon dat daar talle faktore is om in ag te neem by die ontwikkeling van 'n landelike area vir natuurgebaseede en eko-toerisme. Daar moet aandag gegee word aan (i) deeglike beplanning van die bestemming gebaseer op die plaaslike ontwikkelingsbeleid; (ii) die ontwikkeling van verkoopbare toeriste produkte en pakkette;en (iii), promosie strategieë om die mark uit te brei om toeriste wat meer spandeer te lok. Die landelike gemeenskappe word sodoende die geleentheid gebied om hul besondere natuurlike hulpbronne te ontwikkel vir natuurgebaseerde toerisme. Die hulpbron-analise toon dat die afgeleë en bergagtige topografie en die klimaatsomstandighede van Goba se wateropvangsgebied as natuurlike beskerming vir inheense woude teen die benutting deur die plaaslike bevolking gedien het. Die area is goed bewaar met skouspelagtige natuurtonele. Die skouspelagtige landskap beskik oor rekreasiewaarde sowel as omgewingskontras, potensiaal vir wetenskaplike ontdekkings en vir bewaring van seldsame fauna en flora. Om hierdie landskap te bewaar of die bestuur daarvan te verbeter, moet gebruik vir rekreasie in verhouding tot die ander potensiële waardes beskou word. Daar is beperkte areas wat die vermoë besit om ontwikkeling te absorbeer en waar die verbouing van fasiliteite slegs 'n minimale negatiewe effek op die visuele en ekologiese kwaliteit sal hê. Die potensiaal bestaan egter vir alle areas om op 'n beperkte skaalontwikkel te word vir die primitiewe en sensitiewe sektor van die rekreasie spektrum. Die resultate van die vavorsing stem ooreen met soortgelyke studies van waterskeiding- en wateropvangsgebied-ekologie en ontwikkeling. Vir die gegewe omgewingsbeperkings van Goba word dit aanbeveel dat ontwikkeling op 'n basiese vlak geskied om daadie proporsie van die toeriste te lok wat in die sogenaamde wildernis-ervaring belangstel. Geboue en beperkte fasiliteite moet slegs op klein skaal opgerig word. Die fasiliteite moet by die omgewing inpas en die klem moet op selfvoorsiening eerder as op dienstelewering val. Die bestuur van die Goba ekosisteem moet egter verbeter om die ekologiese funksie en die plaaslike kultuur en landelikeid te behou. Die bevinding van die studie is dat indien ver-afgeleë en sensitiewe ekosisteme deur die plaaslike bevolking bestuur en beskerm word, dit tot ekonomiese welvaart van die landelike gebiede kan lei. Hierdie areas moet bestuur word sodat die landelike karakter as toeriste aantreklikheid behou word, dat die lewenskoste relatief laag bly en dat verbindings met die buitewêreld op telekommunikasie vlak ingestel word. Beplanning moet op 'n aansporingsbasis gegrond wees met uitreikingsprogramme met landelike ontwikkeling as doel. Aanmoediging van plaaslike aksie op grondvlak behoort so 'n beleidstrategie te versterk.

Thesis (MPhil (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / The paper examines the evolution of ecolabelling/certification in tourism in the context of the evolution of the concepts of sustainable development and tourism, certification’s definitions, motivations, international practices and challenges, and focuses on its intended function as a voluntary market mechanism. Parallels are drawn with the African experience and consideration is given to the particular problems of certification in Africa as a member of the Third World. Evidence is examined, including a local tourist survey that points to certification’s ineffectiveness as a means to influence consumer choice, at least in its current form as a voluntary, selfregulatory tool. An attempt is also made to disprove its effectiveness as a source of competitive advantage for tourism companies by considering it within the framework of competitive strategy theory. It is concluded that certification is a poor market mechanism. Consequently, elements of a model for the effective use of ecolabelling as a tool in a suite of sustainability tools in tourism in Africa, are proposed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:39:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FACO_Regiane_2013.pdf: 1752990 bytes, checksum: 28b034b4da5ab5fb3df6d5a040b69861 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-30 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This documentary paper, exploratory-descriptive, aims to develop an analysis of scientific research on tourism through the annals presented in editions of the National Congress of Ecotourism and the Interdisciplinary Meeting on Ecotourism in Protected Areas (Conecotur / EcoUc) occurred until 2011. For this purpose, are disclosed some aspects of the research as origin of research, axles and themes according to the platform proposal by. Jafari (1989) through the work of Rejowski (1996).The discussion starts with a reflection about the terminologies tourism originated with the emergence of concepts such as sustainable development and then build a brief critique of the conventional models of tourism to understand how ecotourism is an alternative to these standards. In a second moment, the debate is about the beginning and evolution of tourism research and the importance of the emergence of academic meetings for the promotion of the area. Finally, it presents Conecotur / EcoUc and how this has developed as an area of scientific debate, allowing the enrichment of research and experience in tourism (as a practice) and academia (as reflection). / O presente trabalho documental, de caráter exploratório-descritivo, tem como objetivo desenvolver uma análise acerca da pesquisa científica em turismo através dos trabalhos (anais) apresentados nas edições do Congresso Nacional de Ecoturismo e do Encontro Interdisciplinar de Ecoturismo em Unidades de Conservação (CONECOTUR/EcoUc) ocorridas até 2011. Para tal, são evidenciados alguns aspectos das pesquisas como: origem dos pesquisadores, eixos e temáticas abordadas de acordo com as plataformas propostas por Jafari (1989) através da obra de Rejowski (1996). A discussão se dá a partir de uma reflexão em relação às terminologias do turismo relacionadas ao aparecimento de conceitos como o desenvolvimento sustentável, para então construir uma breve crítica aos modelos convencionais de turismo e compreender como o ecoturismo se estabelece como uma alternativa a estes padrões. Em um segundo momento, debate-se o início e a evolução da pesquisa em turismo e a importância do surgimento de encontros acadêmicos para o fomento da área. Por fim, apresenta-se então o CONECOTUR/EcoUc e, como este tem se desenvolvido como espaço de debates científicos, permitido o enriquecimento de pesquisas e experiências no turismo (enquanto prática) e na academia (enquanto reflexão).

This study investigates the livelihoods impacts of eco-tourism in Hogsback, the extent to which local community members are effectively participating in eco-tourism activities as well as the negative implications of ecotourism in Hogsback. A qualitative research methodology was employed in order to have a deeper understanding of the issues under study. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select respondents. In-depth semi structured interviews were used to collect data from 40 respondents and 6 key informants. The study established that eco-tourism activities help mainly individuals rather than the whole community at large and those who benefit; it improves their lives as well as benefiting the economy of the country. This study also found out that the government plays a role to promote development of ecotourism in the community, this is through infrastructure development and providing services for tourism. Lastly the study found out that there are conflicts over ownership of eco-tourism activities, limited funds in promotion of eco-tourism activities and that there is no eco-tourism development strategy. The study recommends that the government of South Africa should design and implement a comprehensive eco-tourism development strategy that puts people at the core.

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / Tourism is one of the fastest growing global sectors, with current international tourist arrivals exceeding 935 million, and projected arrivals to exceed 1 billion by 2020. Community-based ecotourism has been suggested as a possible avenue for poverty eradication and local economic development in South Africa's remote rural regions, which are characterised by undeveloped infrastructure, poorly functioning schools and few economic opportunities. This is especially true of the Wild Coast region in the Eastern Cape Province, which is characterised by the contrasting elements of abundant natural resources eminently suitable for tourism development, and abject poverty. The central objective of this qualitative study is to evaluate the developmental impacts of the Bulungula Lodge and related initiatives, in order to assess the extent to which ecotourism can be used as a catalyst for local economic development. This includes the conservation practices employed by the enterprise, as well as its contribution towards conservation knowledge amongst community members. In addition, the study undertook to assess the extent to which the Bulungula Lodge and related initiatives has provided employment, and facilitated local participation in decision making and skills development in order to contribute towards sustainable livelihood outcomes. The findings indicate that Bulungula Lodge and related initiatives contribute positively to the local economy through job creation, skills development and local collaboration. However, Bulungula Lodge is faced with a number of factors which constrain the attainment of development goals, such as an inactive local and provincial government, low human and physical capital stocks and an inability to expand without threatening the sustainability of the natural resource base. In conclusion, the study provides numerous recommendations in order to increase the effectiveness of projects and employment within an environment devoid of government intervention. Among these are strategies for improving an understanding of conservation amongst community members, as well as strategies to improve adult education and the empowerment of women in the decision making process.

The aim of this report was to investigate how much people in general know about the bird black grouse and the possibilities for guiding on black grouse lek. I wanted to know how the possibilities where generally and specific at the tourist-facility Granö beckasin, which is situated in municipality of Vindeln in north of Sweden. I also wanted to get a better understanding about how the black grouse lek works and how the guiding would be best performed. Two different questionnaires were laid out, one with aim to reach a wide public and discover the knowledge and interest among people in general about black grouse lek. The aim with the second questionnaire was to reach people who is interested in bird- watching and get more quality answers about guiding on black grouse lek. While the questionnaires were collecting answers, market research about guiding and investigation of black grouse lekking spots possible for guiding around Granö was done. Most of the participants in the questionnaires showed a high level of awareness when it came to know what black grouse lek is, the majority also describe an active outdoorlife. The study showed a high level of black grouse lekking spots around Granö. Research and questionnaires showed that the target group for this type of guiding is small. The people in target for the type of guiding have big interest for birds and nature but doesn´t always have the time to research black grouse lekking spots themselves, therefore could a guide be helpful.

p. 1-143 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-10T20:21:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert seg15.pdf: 2867974 bytes, checksum: 04888e85f839afbfad49f4bba1d0d970 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-04-15T20:15:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert seg15.pdf: 2867974 bytes, checksum: 04888e85f839afbfad49f4bba1d0d970 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-15T20:15:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert seg15.pdf: 2867974 bytes, checksum: 04888e85f839afbfad49f4bba1d0d970 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a percepção da população dos municípios de Senhor do Bonfim, Pindobaçu, Antônio Gonçalves e Campo Formoso em relação ao meio ambiente na Serra de Jacobina, com vistas a fornecer subsídios para o planejamento e implementação do ecoturismo associado à educação ambiental numa perspectiva de sustentabilidade. Foram escolhidos três grupos amostrais, divididos em a) representantes de Associações de Moradores e Produtores Rurais, Associação de Comércio e Rede Hoteleira; b) Prefeitos; c) Instituições de Ensino, Órgãos Ambientais e ONG. A coleta de dados foi realizada por método qualitativo, empregando-se as técnicas de entrevistas e observação in loco. A análise dos dados possibilitou constatar que, apesar das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos municípios com relação ao desenvolvimento econômico, investimentos estadual e federal na construção de barragens de grande porte e programas agropecuários poderão futuramente movimentar a economia da região, que passa por um período de estagnação. As atividades antrópicas realizadas ao longo da Serra de Jacobina, como a agropecuária (através de queimadas e do desmatamento) têm provocado impactos que interferem sobremaneira no meio ambiente da região. A educação ambiental constitui instrumento importante para sensibilização quanto aos problemas ambientais e a necessidade de conservação da Serra de Jacobina. Existe um consenso por parte dos entrevistados sobre as potencialidades turísticas da região, bem como sobre a associação da educação ambiental ao ecoturismo na ação para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Após a pesquisa, pôde-se concluir que o ecoturismo associado à educação ambiental pode vir a ser uma alternativa econômica para busca da sustentabilidade da região. No entanto, fazem-se necessárias pesquisas multidisciplinares, planejamento prévio e o estabelecimento de diretrizes para que o desenvolvimento turístico não venha a se tornar um agente a mais de degradação desse ambiente. / Salvador