L'observation des nombreuses espèces au sein des métazoaires permet de rendre compte de leur formidable diversité de morphologies. Ces organismes complexes acquièrent leur plan d'organisation et leurs caractéristiques propres pendant le développement embryonnaire. Au cours de celui-ci, la morphogénèse des différentes structures anatomiques est contrôlée par des réseaux complexes de gènes intervenant dans des territoires et des moments précis. Comprendre quelles modifications des voies développementales au cours de l'évolution sont responsables de cette diversité constitue un champ important de la biologie moderne : l'évo-dévo. Pour comprendre ces modifications, il est important de pouvoir étudier ces changements sur des modèles facilement accessibles et qui possèdent une grande variabilité de formes. Les phanères des vertébrés répondent à ces critères : leur nombre, leur forme et leur taille ont été des caractères très variables au cours de la diversification des mammifères et les données déjà obtenues sur la souris permettent une expérimentation aisée. De nombreuses voies de signalisation sont impliquées dans le développement des phanères, mais une en particulier, impliquée spécifiquement dans le développement des appendices ectodermiques : la voie EDA, composée d'un ligand EDA, de son récepteur EDAR et d'un adaptateur spécifique EDARADD. Dans le but de mieux comprendre le rôle de la voie EDA au cours de l’évolution des mammifères, nous avons orienté ma thèse en 2 axes : le premier vise à étudier le rôle d’Edar dans le patterning de la dent chez la souris, et le second l’impact de la perte d’une des deux isoformes d’EDARADD au cours de l’évolution des mammifères. / The observation of the numerous metazoan species highlights their wonderful morphological diversity. These complex organisms got their body plan and their specific traits during embryonic development. During development, complex gene networks that are tightly regulated through space and time, control morphogenesis. Understanding which modifications of developmental pathways are responsible for the establishment of this diversity is one of the key questions of the biological field: Evo-Devo. To understand these modifications, it is crucial to study accessible models that are representative of this diversity. To do that, ectodermal appendages are a very good model: their number, size, and shape are highly variable during mammals diversification and data had already shown that they exhibit natural variation. Numerous signaling pathways are implicated in their development but one is very specific to them: the Eda pathway and present an big interest for the study of their evolution. To better understand the role of the Eda pathway during mammals evolution, I orientated my thesis in two part: the first one study the impact of Edar in the establishment of the mouse dental tooth row and the second the impact of gain/loss of protein isoforms of the adaptor Edaradd on the evolution of this pathway.

Le sol est une ressource rare remplissant de nombreuses fonctions nécessaires au bon fonctionnement des écosystèmes et de nos sociétés. Malgré tout, il subit des pressions anthropiques à l’origine de sa déterioration. Ainsi en Europe, 16% du territoire est sujet à des degradations des sols. Une des menaces affectant l’homeostasie des sols est la contamination chimique issue des sites à activités industrielles. Ces sites contaminés, estimés au nombre 2,5 millions en Europe sont à l’origine d’un risque pour la santé humaine et environnementale. Malheureusement, à l’heure actuelle, il n’existe pas de cadre réglementaire européen commun concernant la gestion de ces sites, dont les diagnostics sont réalisés uniquement sur des listes restreintes de molécules et les polluants prioritaires. Cependant, la contamination des sols est généralement issue de mélanges complexes dont la toxicité est due à un ensemble de contaminants. L’objectif de cette thèse concerne l’identification de composés à l’origine de la toxicité des sols pollués en appliquant une analyse dirigée par l’effet (EDA), une technique qui combine des analyses biologiques et chimiques à un fractionnement physico-chimique. Après le développement de l’EDA pour les matrices solides, cette approche a été utilisée sur site afin d’identifier des composés liant le recepteur des hydrocarbures aromatiques (AhR). Ceci à permis de mettre au jour des contaminants à activité biologique non pris en compte dans les diagnostics des sols pollués tels que des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques non prioritaires selon l’US-EPA, leurs produits d’oxydation ainsi que des composés contenant des N-,S-,O-Heterocyles. / The soil is a scarce resource fulfilling many functions necessary for the proper functioning of ecosystems and societies. Nevertheless, it suffers human pressures causing its deterioration. In Europe, 16% of the territory is subject to soil degradations. One of the threats to the soil homeostasis is the chemical contamination from industrial activity sites. These contaminated sites, estimated to number of 2.5 million in Europe are causing a risk to human and environmental health. Unfortunately, at present there is no common European regulatory framework for the management of these sites, whose diagnoses are made only on short lists of molecules and priority pollutants. However, soil contamination generally comes from complex mixtures whose toxicity is due to a combination of contaminants. The aim of this work concerns the identification of compounds responsible for the toxicity of the contaminated soil by applying an effect-directed analysis (EDA), a technique which combines biological and chemical analyzes to a physico-chemical fractionation. After the development of EDA on the solid matrices, this approach has been used on polluted sites to identify the compounds binding to the aryl hydrocabon receptor (AhR). This allowed to highlight contaminants with a biological activity not included in the diagnoses of polluted soils such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons non-priority according to US-EPA, their oxidation products and compounds containing N -, S-, O-heterocycles.

Les méthodes actuellement disponibles pour la surveillance de la qualité du milieu se réfèrent au suivi de composés définis par les réglementations et ne permettent pas d’appréhender l’(éco)toxicité réelle de tous les composés présents dans l’environnement (e.g. composés inconnus, produits de transformation, effets de mélange…). Dans ce contexte, une méthode d’analyse pluridisciplinaire intégrative, l’analyse dirigée par l’effet (EDA), a été développée. Cette approche bio-analytique vise à établir un lien de causalité entre une exposition aux contaminants et l’effet biologique observé. La démarche est basée sur la simplification séquentielle d’un échantillon guidée par les bio-essais afin d’individualiser puis identifier, par des techniques analytiques chimiques performantes, les composés biologiquement actifs. Les objectifs de cette thèse ont porté sur (1) le développement et la validation d’une méthodologie, allant du pré-traitement jusqu’au fractionnement, adaptée à différentes matrices environnementales ; (2) la mise en place d’une stratégie d’identification moléculaire par spectrométrie de masse haute résolution ; (3) l’application de la démarche EDA à plusieurs échantillons afin d’illustrer l’adaptabilité et l’apport d’une telle méthode à des problématiques environnementales. Ces travaux de thèse permettent de disposer aujourd’hui d’une démarche bio-analytique complète de la préparation d’échantillon à l’identification de molécules, et adaptée à tous types d’échantillons. Les différentes études environnementales réalisées au cours de ces travaux ont permis, entre autre, d’établir une liste de composés diverses non recherchés pouvant représenter un risque pour l’environnement. / To date, environmental risk assessment is based on targeted chemical analyses. These analyses allow the detection of known active compounds and this preselected set does not often explain the observed toxic effects in complex environmental samples (e.g. unknown compounds, transformation product, cocktail effect...). For an integrative contamination assessment, a multidisciplinary approach, Effect-Directed Analysis (EDA) was developed. This approach combining biological tools and chemical analyses allows determining active compounds and identitying them in such environmental complex mixtures. EDA aims at the establishment of cause-effect relationships by sequential reduction of the complexity of environmental mixtures, eventually to individual toxicants. The aims of this thesis were (1) to develop and to validate the EDA-based strategy on various environmental complex samples; (2) to set up an identification strategy for identifying non targeted or unknown molecules using high resolution mass spectrometry; (3) to prove the usefulness of EDA approach for the identification of active compounds in environnemental complex samples. This thesis work provides to a complet bio-analytical approach from the preparation step of samples to the identification of molecules. The potential of this tool was fully confirmed on various environmental studies. These investigations allowed establishing a list of non-target compounds which can represent a risk for the environment.

In the last few decades, two major phenomena have revolutionized the electronic industry – the ever-increasing dependence on electronic circuits and the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) downscaling. These two phenomena have been complementing each other in a way that while electronics, in general, have demanded more computations per functional unit, CMOS downscaling has aptly supported such needs. However, while the computational demand is still rising exponentially, CMOS downscaling is reaching its physical limits. Hence, the need to explore viable emerging nanotechnologies is more imperative than ever. This thesis focuses on streamlining the existing design automation techniques for a class of emerging reconfigurable nanotechnologies. Transistors based on this technology exhibit duality in conduction, i.e. they can be configured dynamically either as a p-type or an n-type device on the application of an external bias. Owing to this dynamic reconfiguration, these transistors are also referred to as Reconfigurable Field-Effect Transistors (RFETs). Exploring and developing new technologies just like CMOS, require tackling two main challenges – first, design automation flow has to be modified to enable tailor- made circuit designs. Second, possible application opportunities should be explored where such technologies can outsmart the existing CMOS technologies. This thesis targets the above two objectives for emerging reconfigurable nanotechnologies by proposing approaches for enabling an Electronic Design Automation (EDA) flow for circuits based on RFETs and exploring hardware security as an application that exploits the transistor-level dynamic reconfiguration offered by this technology. This thesis explains the bottom-up approach adopted to propose a logic synthesis flow by identifying new logic gates and circuit design paradigms that can particularly exploit the dynamic reconfiguration offered by these novel nanotechnologies. This led to the subsequent need of finding natural Boolean logic abstraction for emerging reconfigurable nanotechnologies as it is shown that the existing abstraction of negative unate logic for CMOS technologies is sub-optimal for RFETs-based circuits. In this direction, it has been shown that duality in Boolean logic is a natural abstraction for this technology and can truly represent the duality in conduction offered by individual transistors. Finding this abstraction paved the way for defining suitable primitives and proposing various algorithms for logic synthesis and technology mapping. The following step is to explore compatible physical synthesis flow for emerging reconfigurable nanotechnologies. Using silicon nanowire-based RFETs, .lef and .lib files have been provided which can provide an end-to-end flow to generate .GDSII file for circuits exclusively based on RFETs. Additionally, new approaches have been explored to improve placement and routing for circuits based on reconfigurable nanotechnologies. It has been demonstrated how these approaches led to superior results as compared to the native flow meant for CMOS. Lastly, the unique property of transistor-level reconfiguration offered by RFETs is utilized to implement efficient Intellectual Property (IP) protection schemes against adversarial attacks. The ability to control the conduction of individual transistors can be argued as one of the impactful features of this technology and suitably fits into the paradigm of security measures. Prior security schemes based on CMOS technology often come with large overheads in terms of area, power, and delay. In contrast, RFETs-based hardware security measures such as logic locking, split manufacturing, etc. proposed in this thesis, demonstrate affordable security solutions with low overheads. Overall, this thesis lays a strong foundation for the two main objectives – design automation, and hardware security as an application, to push emerging reconfigurable nanotechnologies for commercial integration. Additionally, contributions done in this thesis are made available under open-source licenses so as to foster new research directions and collaborations.:Abstract List of Figures List of Tables 1 Introduction 1.1 What are emerging reconfigurable nanotechnologies? 1.2 Why does this technology look so promising? 1.3 Electronics Design Automation 1.4 The game of see-saw: key challenges vs benefits for emerging reconfigurable nanotechnologies 1.4.1 Abstracting ambipolarity in logic gate designs 1.4.2 Enabling electronic design automation for RFETs 1.4.3 Enhanced functionality: a suitable fit for hardware security applications 1.5 Research questions 1.6 Entire RFET-centric EDA Flow 1.7 Key Contributions and Thesis Organization 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Reconfigurable Nanotechnology 2.1.1 1D devices 2.1.2 2D devices 2.1.3 Factors favoring circuit-flexibility 2.2 Feasibility aspects of RFET technology 2.3 Logic Synthesis Preliminaries 2.3.1 Circuit Model 2.3.2 Boolean Algebra 2.3.3 Monotone Function and the property of Unateness 2.3.4 Logic Representations 3 Exploring Circuit Design Topologies for RFETs 3.1 Contributions 3.2 Organization 3.3 Related Works 3.4 Exploring design topologies for combinational circuits: functionality-enhanced logic gates 3.4.1 List of Combinational Functionality-Enhanced Logic Gates based on RFETs 3.4.2 Estimation of gate delay using the logical effort theory 3.5 Invariable design of Inverters 3.6 Sequential Circuits 3.6.1 Dual edge-triggered TSPC-based D-flip flop 3.6.2 Exploiting RFET’s ambipolarity for metastability 3.7 Evaluations 3.7.1 Evaluation of combinational logic gates 3.7.2 Novel design of 1-bit ALU 3.7.3 Comparison of the sequential circuit with an equivalent CMOS-based design 3.8 Concluding remarks 4 Standard Cells and Technology Mapping 4.1 Contributions 4.2 Organization 4.3 Related Work 4.4 Standard cells based on RFETs 4.4.1 Interchangeable Pull-Up and Pull-Down Networks 4.4.2 Reconfigurable Truth-Table 4.5 Distilling standard cells 4.6 HOF-based Technology Mapping Flow for RFETs-based circuits 4.6.1 Area adjustments through inverter sharings 4.6.2 Technology Mapping Flow 4.6.3 Realizing Parameters For The Generic Library 4.6.4 Defining RFETs-based Genlib for HOF-based mapping 4.7 Experiments 4.7.1 Experiment 1: Distilling standard-cells from a benchmark suite 4.7.2 Experiment 2A: HOF-based mapping . 4.7.3 Experiment 2B: Using the distilled standard-cells during mapping 4.8 Concluding Remarks 5 Logic Synthesis with XOR-Majority Graphs 5.1 Contributions 5.2 Organization 5.3 Motivation 5.4 Background and Preliminaries 5.4.1 Terminologies 5.4.2 Self-duality in NPN classes 5.4.3 Majority logic synthesis 5.4.4 Earlier work on XMG 5.4.5 Classification of Boolean functions 5.5 Preserving Self-Duality 5.5.1 During logic synthesis 5.5.2 During versatile technology mapping 5.6 Advanced Logic synthesis techniques 5.6.1 XMG resubstitution 5.6.2 Exact XMG rewriting 5.7 Logic representation-agnostic Mapping 5.7.1 Versatile Mapper 5.7.2 Support of supergates 5.8 Creating Self-dual Benchmarks 5.9 Experiments 5.9.1 XMG-based Flow 5.9.2 Experimental Setup 5.9.3 Synthetic self-dual benchmarks 5.9.4 Cryptographic benchmark suite 5.10 Concluding remarks and future research directions 6 Physical synthesis flow and liberty generation 6.1 Contributions 6.2 Organization 6.3 Background and Related Work 6.3.1 Related Works 6.3.2 Motivation 6.4 Silicon Nanowire Reconfigurable Transistors 6.5 Layouts for Logic Gates 6.5.1 Layouts for Static Functional Logic Gates 6.5.2 Layout for Reconfigurable Logic Gate 6.6 Table Model for Silicon Nanowire RFETs 6.7 Exploring Approaches for Physical Synthesis 6.7.1 Using the Standard Place & Route Flow 6.7.2 Open-source Flow 6.7.3 Concept of Driver Cells 6.7.4 Native Approach 6.7.5 Island-based Approach 6.7.6 Utilization Factor 6.7.7 Placement of the Island on the Chip 6.8 Experiments 6.8.1 Preliminary comparison with CMOS technology 6.8.2 Evaluating different physical synthesis approaches 6.9 Results and discussions 6.9.1 Parameters Which Affect The Area 6.9.2 Use of Germanium Nanowires Channels 6.10 Concluding Remarks 7 Polymporphic Primitives for Hardware Security 7.1 Contributions 7.2 Organization 7.3 The Shift To Explore Emerging Technologies For Security 7.4 Background 7.4.1 IP protection schemes 7.4.2 Preliminaries 7.5 Security Promises 7.5.1 RFETs for logic locking (transistor-level locking) 7.5.2 RFETs for split manufacturing 7.6 Security Vulnerabilities 7.6.1 Realization of short-circuit and open-circuit scenarios in an RFET-based inverter 7.6.2 Circuit evaluation on sub-circuits 7.6.3 Reliability concerns: A consequence of short-circuit scenario 7.6.4 Implication of the proposed security vulnerability 7.7 Analytical Evaluation 7.7.1 Investigating the security promises 7.7.2 Investigating the security vulnerabilities 7.8 Concluding remarks and future research directions 8 Conclusion 8.1 Concluding Remarks 8.2 Directions for Future Work Appendices A Distilling standard-cells B RFETs-based Genlib C Layout Extraction File (.lef) for Silicon Nanowire-based RFET D Liberty (.lib) file for Silicon Nanowire-based RFETs

Inom forskningsområdet tjänståterställning arbetar forskare och företag med att identifiera servicefel samt hitta effektiva sätt att lösa kunders problem. Trots detta skapar klagomålshantering problem för företag och det finns många utvecklingsmöjligheter. Att få kunskap om hur kunder upplever klagomålssituationer fysiskt och psykiskt kan därmed vara betydelsefull information för företag. Inom detta forskningsområde saknas det innovativa fältstudier som involverar verkliga beteenden. Det saknas även fältexperiment med elektrodermal aktivitet (EDA) som mätinstrument. EDA mäter autonom sympatisk upphetsning som är integrerad med emotionella och kognitiva tillstånd, vilket möjliggör mätning av individers omedvetna känslor. Därav grundas denna studie på ett fältexperiment där deltagarnas fysiska och emotionella reaktioner har kunnat dokumenteras och göras kvantifierbara genom EDA. Syftet med denna studie är att förklara hur kunders emotionella och fysiska reaktioner påverkas när de klagar på en produkt medan de exponeras för fysiska temperaturstimuli. Denna studie har ett positivistiskt forskningsperspektiv, en kvantitativ forskningsstrategi och en deduktiv ansats. Det empiriska materialet består av insamlad data från enkäter och EDA-band. Resultatet från studien visar att ju allvarligare ett problem är, desto större negativ påverkan har det på kundnöjdhet, lojalitet samt word of mouth (WOM). Det visar även att det finns ett samband mellan interpersonell värme, kundnöjdhet och lojalitet, men inte WOM. Resultaten indikerar även att fysisk värme inte kan dämpa emotionella reaktioner samt att fysisk kyla har en effekt på emotionella reaktioner. Slutligen kan det konstateras att fysisk värme ökar interpersonell värme samt att fysisk kyla inte ökar interpersonell värme. / Within the research area of service recovery, researchers and companies try to identify service errors and find effective ways to solve customers' problems. Despite this, complaint handling creates problems for companies and there are many opportunities for development. Gaining knowledge about how customers experience complaint situations physically and psychologically can therefore be important information for companies. In this area of research, there is a lack of innovative field studies involving real-world behaviors. There is also a lack of field experiments with electrodermal activity (EDA) as a measuring instrument. EDA measures autonomic sympathetic arousal that is integrated with emotional and cognitive states, allowing measurement of individuals' unconscious emotions. Hence, this study is based on a field experiment where the participants physical and emotional responses have been documented and made quantifiable through EDA. The purpose of this study is to explain how customers emotional and physical reactions are affected when they complain about a product while exposed to physical temperature stimuli. This study has a positivist research perspective, a quantitative research strategy and a deductive approach. The empirical material consists of collected data from surveys and EDA measurement. The results from the study show that the more serious a problem is, the greater the negative impact is on customer satisfaction, loyalty and word of mouth (WOM). It also shows that there is a relationship between interpersonal warmth, customer satisfaction and loyalty, but not WOM. The results also indicate that physical warmth cannot dampen emotional responses and that physical cold has an effect on emotional responses. Finally, it can be stated that physical warmth increases interpersonal warmth and that physical coldness does not increase interpersonal warmth.

Este trabalho aborda o problema de dimensionamento portas lógicas e assinalamento de Vt para otimização de potência, área e temporização em circuitos integrados modernos. O fluxo proposto é aplicado aos conjuntos de circuitos de teste dos Concursos do International Symposium on Physical Design (ISPD) de 2012 e 2013. Este fluxo também é adapatado e avaliado nos estágios pós posicionamento e roteamento global em projetos industriais de circuitos integrados, que utilizam uma ferramenta precisa de análise estática de temporização. As técnicas propostas geram as melhores soluções para todos os circuitos de teste do Concurso do ISPD 2013 (no qual foi a ferramenta vencedora), com em média 8% menos consumo de potência estática quando comparada com os outros concorrentes. Além disso, após algumas modificações nos algoritmos, nós reduzimos o consumo em mais 10% em média a pontência estáticas com relação aos resultados do concurso. O foco deste trabalho é desenvolver e aplicar um algoritmo estado-da-arte de seleção portas lógicas para melhorar ainda mais projetos industriais de alto desempenho já otimizados após as fases de posicionamento e roteamento do fluxo de projeto físico industrial. Vamos apresentar e discutir vários problemas encontrados quando da aplicação de técnicas de otimização global em projetos industriais reais que não são totalmente cobertos em publicações encontradas na literatura. Os métodos propostos geram as melhores soluções para todos os circuitos de referência no Concurso do ISPD 2013, no qual foi a solução vencedora. Considerando a aplicação industrial, as técnicas propostas reduzem a potência estática em até 18,2 %, com redução média de 10,4 %, sem qualquer degradação na qualidade de temporização do circuito. / This work addresses the gate sizing and Vt assignment problem for power, area and timing optimization in modern integrated circuits (IC). The proposed flow is applied to the Benchmark Suites of the International Symposium on Physical Design (ISPD) 2012 and 2013 Contests. It is also adapted and evaluated in the post placement and post global routing stage of an industrial IC design flow using a sign-off static timing analysis engine. The proposed techniques are able to generate the best solutions for all benchmarks in the ISPD 2013 Contest (in which we were the winning team), with on average 8% lower leakage with respect to all other contestants. Also, after some refinements in the algorithms, we reduce leakage by another 10% on average over the contest results. The focus of this work is to develop and apply a state-of-the-art cell selection algorithm to further improve already optimized high-performance industrial designs after the placement and routing stages of the industrial physical design flow. We present the basic concepts involved in the gate sizing problem and how earlier literature addresses it. Several problems found when applying global optimization techniques in real-life industrial designs, which are not fully covered in publications found in literature, are presented and discussed. Considering the industrial application, the proposed techniques reduce leakage power by up to 18.2%, with average reduction of 10.4% without any degradation in timing quality.

Ferramentas de projeto de circuitos integrados (do inglˆes, electronic design automation, ou simplesmente EDA) tˆem um papel fundamental na crescente complexidade dos projetos de circuitos digitais. Elas permitem aos projetistas criar circuitos com um n´umero de componentes ordens de grandezas maior do que seria poss´ıvel se os circuitos fossem projetados `a m˜ao como nos dias iniciais da microeletrˆonica. Neste trabalho, dois importantes problemas em EDA ser˜ao abordados: dimensionamento de portas e posicionamento detalhado dirigido a desempenho. Para dimensionamento de portas, uma nova metodologia de relaxac¸ ˜ao Lagrangiana ´e apresentada baseada em informac¸ ˜ao de temporarizac¸ ˜ao locais e propagac¸ ˜ao de sensitividades. Para posicionamento detalhado dirigido a desempenho, um conjunto de movimentos de c´elulas ´e criado usando uma formac¸ ˜ao ´otima atenta `a forc¸a de alimentac¸ ˜ao para o balanceamento de cargas. Nossos resultados experimentais mostram que tais t´ecnicas s˜ao capazes de melhorar o atual estado-da-arte. / Electronic design automation (EDA) tools play a fundamental role in the increasingly complexity of digital circuit designs. They empower designers to create circuits with several order of magnitude more components than it would be possible by designing circuits by hand as was done in the early days of microelectronics. In this work, two important EDA problems are addressed: gate sizing and timing-driven detailed placement. They are studied and new techniques developed. For gate sizing, a new Lagrangian-relaxation methodology is presented based on local timing information and sensitivity propagation. For timing-driven detailed placement, a set of cell movement methods are created using drive strength-aware optimal formulation to driver/sink load balancing. Our experimental results shows that those techniques are able to improve the current state-of-the-art.

Ces travaux de doctorat sont centrés sur l'apprentissage artificiel et l'optimisation, c'est à dire la construction de programmes apprenant à identifier un concept, à approximer une fonction ou à trouver un optimum à partir d'exemples de ce concept (ou de points de la fonction). Le contexte applicatif est l'apprentissage et l'optimisation de modèles simplifiés en ingénierie numérique, pour des problèmes industriels pour lesquels les exemples sont coûteux à obtenir. Il est nécessaire d'en utiliser le moins possible pour l'apprentissage; c'est le principe de l'apprentissage actif et de l'optimisation de fonction chères. Mes efforts de recherche ont d'abord porté sur la conception et le développement d'une nouvelle approche de l'apprentissage Actif, fondée sur l'apprentissage par renforcement. Les fondements théoriques de l'approche ont été établis. Parallèlement, l'implémentation d'un logiciel fondé sur cette approche, BAAL, a permis une validation expérimentale (publications: CAP'09, ECML'09). Une extension de cette approche a été réalisée pour l'optimisation de fonction chères (publication: GECCO 2009). La deuxième partie de mon doctorat s'intéresse aux potentiels et aux limites de l'apprentissage actif et de l'optimisation chère d'un point de vue théorique. Une étude des bornes de complexités de l'apprentissage actif par "paquets" a été réalisée (publication: ECML 2010). Dans le domaine de l'optimisation bruitée, des résultats sur le nombre minimal d'exemples nécessaires pour trouver un optimum ont été obtenus (publications: LION 2010, EvoSTAR 2010).

As the use of Web expands, Web Service is gradually becoming the basic system infrastructure. However, as it matures and a large number of Web Service becomes available, the focus will shift from service development to service management. One key component in management systems is monitoring. The growing complexity of Web Service platforms and their dynamically varying workloads make manually monitoring them a demanding task. Therefore monitoring tools are required to support the management efforts. Our approach, Web Service Monitoring System (WSMS), utilizes Autonomic Computing technology to monitor Web Service for an automated manager. WSMS correlates lower level events into a meaningful diagnosed symptom which provides higher level information for problem determination. It also gains the ability to take autonomic actions and solve the original problem using corrective actions. In this thesis, a complete design of WSMS is presented along with a practical implementation showing viability and proof of concept of WSMS. / Thesis (Master, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2008-11-12 16:20:13.738

Ce document est organisé en trois parties : - Partie 1, Synthèse des travaux : Cette première partie présente de façon complète l'ensemble de mon parcours en mettant en avant toutes ses contributions et originalités. - Partie 2, Sélection des publications significatives : Cette deuxième partie illustre les contributions menées en présentant plusieurs articles scientifiques. Partie 3 : Travaux de recherche détaillés et perspectives (document séparé) Cette troisième partie présente de façon approfondie les différents travaux que j'ai menés depuis l'obtention de mon doctorat. Elle propose tout d'abord une introduction afin de positionner les différentes contributions et les trois axes de recherche autour desquels s'articulent mes travaux. Chaque axe est ensuite détaillé et une sélection de certains travaux est proposée afin d'illustrer l'activité menée. Enfin, une conclusion et des perspectives sont proposées afin de préciser les actions envisagées dans l'avenir.