The term of evolution and its understanding by students of secondary schools and high schools This Master's thesis deals with the conception of evolutionary topic in schools and textbooks. It introduces education systems and curricular documents of England, Scotland and the Czech Republic. Based on this information an analysis of biology textbooks was made, which was focused on the theme of evolution. The research included 62 textbooks distributed by 27 different publishers. Comparative SWOT analysis of these textbooks has shown that the concept of biology in general is presented differently, what is also reflected in the interpretation of the studies of evolution. The questionnaire research based on those findings was done in the Czech Republic. It is focused on secondary school and high school pupil's knowledge and their personal opinions about this topic. 586 pupils took part in this research. It was found that in the context of evolutionary processes the pupils have problems to use commonly known biological, or evolutionary terms (e.g. adaptation, evolution of the organisms). On the other hand some pupils can easily define some more complicated evolutionary topics such as Neo-Darwinism. Pupils have quite various personal opinions on the issue of the evolution. Some of them are not interested in...

Thesis is focused on possibilities of secondary education of students with mental disabilities and their subsequent employment possibilities in the labor market. The theoretical part of the thesis is discussing basic concepts related to the issue of mental retardation and aspects of education and employment of persons with mental disabilities. The last chapter of the thesis provides an analysis of the current possibilities of secondary education of students with mental disabilities and possibilities of work placement in the Zlín region.

I divided my thesis "The usage of portfolios in drama classes " into two parts. The first part of my thesis is theoretical and it deals with different types of portfolios and rates the usage of them in different drama classes. I tried to see the portfolios from the user's point of view. The whole collection of portfolios is a valuable tool that reflects the personality and social development of my students. It allows the observation of a student's attitude and value development. The list of methods and techniques can be found in my thesis, and can be used to plan lessons with the planned portfolio's output. The second part of my thesis shows illustrations of practical drama class lessons and the worksheets that can be used as a basis for future portfolios. The lesson samples contain methods, and information about the realization and reflection of the lessons as well. My thesis contains samples from the children enriched with worksheet evaluations.

The literature presented in the following pages explores the shortcomings of the American public education system in the context of creating long-term, sustainable social change. Using financial illiteracy and its relationship to low quality of life as an entry point, the first section exposes public schools’ shortcomings as agents of social change by delving into the hardships endured by the original public school promoters of the 19th century, the pitfalls of President George W. Bush’s 2001 enactment of No Child Left Behind, and the shortcomings of the financial literacy programming that found traction in urban schools following the subprime lending crisis. These examples render the public education system unfit to address social change, at which point the paper segues into a discussion of social enterprise and the new field’s demonstrated potential to capture social value. After a brief historical exploration of social innovation which examines some values and principles of this “fourth sector,” successful ventures and failed social organizations are scrutinized in the penultimate chapter. The comparisons made ultimately argue in favor of social entrepreneurship’s fitness, on both a structural and ideological level, in addressing the complex social, environmental, and cultural issues of our time.

Notre objectif dans cette thèse est de suivre l’évolution du paradigme éducatif et du modèle de citoyenneté véhiculé par l’école tunisienne entre 1958 et 2002 selon les différentes approches adoptées en matière d’éducation civique et islamique à travers les réformes qu’a connu le système éducatif. Des réformes qui ont pris une actualité aiguë premièrement avec la Réforme de 1958 puis après les inévitables examens de conscience provoqués d’abord par la montée de la mouvance islamiste et la crise politique de la fin des années quatre-vingt (Réforme de 1991) et ensuite par rapport aux nouveaux défis liés à la mondialisation et les exigences du vivre ensemble mondial (Réforme de 2002). Dans ce travail, nous analyserons un parcours de plus d’un demi-siècle concernant l’éducation civique et islamique à l’école publique tunisienne. Un parcours qui remet en situation les choix qui ont été faits et les manières dont les principes et les valeurs étaient traduits en contenu éducatif. Il s’agit d’une réflexion sur ce contenu, en adoptant une approche comparative entre continuité et opposition. Notre approche se base sur l’analyse d’un corpus constitué de manuels scolaires et de programmes officiels d’éducation civique et islamique destinés à l’école publique tunisienne. / In this thesis is to follow the evolution of the educational paradigm and model of citizenship conveyed by Tunisian schools between 1958 and 2002 for different approaches in the field of civic and islamic education and through the reforms experienced by the education system. Reforms that have taken a first acute events with the 1958 reform and after the inevitable self-examination caused primarily by the rise of the Islamist movement and the political crisis of the late eighties (Reform 1991) and then compared to the new challenges of globalization and the demands of living together world (Reform 2002). We analyze a course of more than half a century for civic and Islamic education in public school in Tunisia. A course that challenges the status choices was made and the ways in which principles and values were translated into educational content. This is a reflection on the content, adopting a comparative approach between continuity and opposition. Our approach is based on the analysis of a corpus consists of textbooks and official programs of civic and Islamic education in public tunisian school.

Text in English / In its proposal of a communication strategy that will be of use as an enabling tool for increasing graduate employment potential, this study contributes uniquely to the discipline of communication. It envisages that communication takes into consideration the involvement of the key stakeholders, namely: government, labour market, education system, and media. Amid unemployment challenges that affect the majority of the population, media is regarded as a powerful tool to reach the majority of the population. With specific regard to graduate unemployment, media-driven interaction with unemployed graduates is not as efficient as it should be. Factors contributing to graduate unemployment are identified as career choices, skills shortage, job opportunities, career development, work experience, skills development, entrepreneurial skills, internships, and access to the labour market. It is also important to note that media is regarded as tool for disseminating information about such factors. In order to address this problem, the study establishes an integrated communication strategy that will be of use as an enabling tool for increasing the potential of graduate employment. The role of such communication could be applicable in various ways, such as organisational communication, business communication, public communication, personal communication, interpersonal communication, etc. This study locates itself in the domain of public communication because information about unemployment issues is a matter of public concern. This study adopts mixed research methodologies, with a survey research design—in order to gather data from the graduate students at a University of Technology. The study found that while social and print media are highly preferred and used due to their accessibility, there is a need to stress their use with regard to employment search. The main concepts that contributed to the establishment of the strategy included strategic communication, unemployment and media. It must be here noted that, for purposes of this study, strategic communication was informed by a confluence of the constitutive model of communication, systems theory, and situational theory of publics. The phenomenon of unemployment is informed by unemployment approaches, on the one hand, and the Maslow theory of needs, on the other. Furthermore, the understanding of the concept of media is informed by mass communication approaches and media richness theory. This thesis expects that, as an outcome, such a communication strategy would increase graduate employment potential. Public relations planning model is applied in the study in order to guide the implementation of the proposed communication strategy. / Communication Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication Science)

Le premier objectif de cette thèse est d’apporter un éclairage sur des performances observées de l’enseignement supérieur français dans un contexte international. Et plus précisément dans le champ des sciences de gestion. Nous contextualisons notre recherche à partir d’une analyse de la littérature sur la mondialisation de l’économie de la connaissance, et sur l’évolution des politiques publiques et managériales des organisations académiques, expliquée par l’approche néo-institutionnelle. L’existence des grandes écoles et des universités révèle un contexte spécifique de concurrence et de dispersion des atouts. L’objectif principal est d’ouvrir une réflexion sur des voies de collaborations entre ces organisations en mobilisant la littérature sur le concept de coopétition et en mettant en évidence les liens avec la théorie néo-institutionnelle. La singularité de notre recherche est d’étendre ce concept aux acteurs publics et privés, de contribuer à sa construction, de démontrer sa capacité à améliorer autant la performance que la légitimité des organisations, et d’apporter aux décideurs des outils managériaux adaptés / This dissertation sheds light on the performance of the French higher education system in an International context, with a focus on graduate programs in management sciences. Our analysis is carried out in the context of globalized knowledge as well as evolving public and management policies of higher educational organizations, as prescribed by the neo institutional approach. The existence of grandes écoles, often considered elite schools, as alternatives to universities in France results in increased competition and dispersal of assets. Here we discuss how the concepts of coopetition and relational strategy can be applied to the French higher education system, as well as how they are related to the neo institutional theory. We show that coopetition strategies between public and private stakeholders can lead to improved performance and legitimacy of organizations, as well as provide policymakers with appropriate and efficient managerial tools

L’enseignement du malgache, langue maternelle et officielle à Madagascar, se trouve dans une position complexe car il ne permet pas aux enfants issus des classes primaires d’avoir les compétences escomptées en apprentissage de langues. Depuis l’avènement de la première république en 1958, les différents programmes scolaires qui se sont succédé n’affichent clairement ni des dispositions linguistiques face aux différentes variétés du malgache, ni des recommandations méthodologiques répondant aux besoins de l’apprentissage dans le contexte plurilingue où évoluent les élèves malgaches. Le système éducatif actuel devrait donc être revu pour être conforme à l’optique de la didactique intégrée et de l’intercompréhension. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans cette optique. Elle est le fruit des enquêtes et des observations des formations des enseignants ainsi que des pratiques de classes dans plusieurs établissements de Madagascar, menées en 2010-2012. Elle soulève les enjeux politique, pédagogique et didactique de l’élaboration du programme scolaire, qui devrait être le principal outil des différents acteurs pédagogiques. / Teaching Malagasy, which is the native and official language in Madagascar, is in a complex position because it does not enable children who completed primary classes to have the skills expected in learning languages. Since the advent of the first republic in 1958, the various school curricula which have followed one another do not show clearly either linguistic capacities in front of the different varieties of the Malagasy, or methodological recommendations meeting the needs of learning in the multilingual context where the Malagasy pupils are developing. The current education system should therefore be reconsidered so as to be in accordance with the perspective of integrated didactics and mutual understanding. This thesis is part of this perspective. It is the fruit of inquiries and observations based on the training sessions provided to teachers as well as on the classroom practices in several schools of Madagascar, which were conducted in 2010-2012. It raises the political, educational and didactic issues in developing school curricula, which should be the main tool of the various educational actors.

A presente pesquisa buscou investigar as relações entre Educação Infantil e Teatro a partir das Linguagens Cênicas que vêm sendo concebidas e construídas em propostas formativas, educativas e infantis da Rede Municipal de São Paulo/SP. Partindo da análise do Curso Percursos de aprendizagens na Educação Infantil: práticas teatrais, junto ao Programa de Formação Continuada da Educação Infantil promovido pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo/SP (SME/SP), denominado A Rede em rede: formação continuada na Educação Infantil, e de alguns de seus desdobramentos, como o Caderno Percursos de aprendizagens na Educação Infantil: práticas teatrais, foi possível se aproximar de propostas educativas de professoras envolvidas e de propostas infantis de meninas e meninos pequenos. Para tal, foram realizados os seguintes procedimentos: pesquisa de campo em um Centro de Educação Infantil (CEI) da cidade de São Paulo, com observação da jornada educativa; oito entrevistas semiestruturadas com professoras, coordenadora e supervisora da SME/SP, e com formadoras do referido Curso; além da coleta e análise de documentos e de outros materiais produzidos. As análises dos dados coletados foram realizadas de forma articulada, à luz da produção recente tanto brasileira quanto estrangeira no campo das pesquisas em Educação Infantil, na interface com as Ciências Sociais e com as Artes na primeira infância, e com a produção teórica sobre o Teatro propriamente dito especialmente da Performance e do Teatro pós-dramático , concebendo as crianças como plenas, inteiras, completas e as Linguagens Cênicas como formas delas conhecerem, criarem, inventarem, sentirem, viverem e compartilharem conhecimentos, saberes e culturas, assim como, também das profissionais da Educação Infantil. O Curso investigado e seus desdobramentos, apesar de não romperem com propostas formativas que ainda desconsideram o protagonismo e as criações de crianças, professoras, gestoras e formadoras, trouxeram alguns avanços e contribuições que se revelaram emergentes para a construção de uma Pedagogia da Educação Infantil fundamentada nas Artes, mas que só poderá ser construída quando forem consideradas as propostas educativas e infantis que estão sendo inventadas pelas professoras e, especialmente, pelas meninas e meninos pequenos, a partir das Linguagens Cênicas. / This research sought to investigate the relationship between Child Education and Theater in the perspective of the Scenic Languages that have been conceived and constructed in formative, educative and infantile proposals in the education system of the city of São Paulo/SP. Starting with the analysis of the Course on Itineraries of learning in Child Education: theatrical practices, by Continued Training Program on Child Education conducted by the Education Department of the City of São Paulo/SP (SME/SP), called The networking in education system: continued training on Child Education, and some of its outcomes, as the Booklet Itineraries of learning in Child Education: theatrical practices, it was possible to take a close look at educative proposals of female teachers involved and at infantile proposals for young girls and boys. For such, the following procedures were carried out: field research in a Child Education Center (CEI) in the city of São Paulo, with observation of the educative working hours; eight semi-structures interviews of female teachers, educational coordinator and the supervisor from SME/SP, and with lecturers in the training course mentioned above; in addition to the collection and analysis of documents and other materials produced. The analysis of the data collected was conducted in an articulated fashion, in the light of the recent literature both in Brazil and abroad in the field of studies on Child Education, in interface with Social Science and Art in early childhood, and with theoretical production about Theater specially Performance and post-dramatic Theater , conceiving children as full, integral, complete subjects and the Scenic Languages as ways of knowing, creating, inventing, feeling, living and sharing different types of knowledge and cultures, as well as the professionals working in Child Education. The Training Course being investigated and its deployments, although they do not break away with the formative proposals that still disregard the prominence and the creativity of children, teachers, managers and trainers, brought forth some improvements and contributions that turned out to be emergent in the construction of a Pedagogy for Child Education based on Art, but it will only be able to be devised when and educative and infantile proposals are taken into consideration as they have been invented by teachers and, especially, by the young girls and boys, aided by the Scenic Languages.

Esta dissertação reflete sobre as possibilidades da escola no cumprimento das determinações da atual Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB) nº 9394/96, que a reconhece como núcleo gestor responsável pelo seu próprio projeto político-pedagógico. Problematiza em que medida essa prática escolar tem influenciado os resultados obtidos pelas escolas públicas e viabilizado, localmente, a implementação das políticas educacionais desenvolvidas no âmbito dos sistemas de ensino. Caracteriza as concepções estruturantes sobre projeto político-pedagógico por meio de uma análise bibliográfica, discutindo o alcance que tais teorizações têm alcançado no cotidiano escolar. Apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa, realizada junto a uma rede pública de ensino, apontando potenciais evidências da crise de sentido e de método que tal prática revela. Recupera ainda o processo histórico que marcou a tramitação da atual LDB, demonstrando que a referida crise deve ser entendida primeiro como crise congênita, herdada da própria lei que a concebeu. No contexto do sistema educacional, essa crise também é caracterizada ao reunir elementoschaves presentes no pensamento pedagógico contemporâneo, que exploram o conceito de sistema e a sua relação com a unidade escolar. Finaliza a pesquisa problematizando princípios fundamentais para se pensar o projeto políticopedagógico na perspectiva do movimento da educação cidadã, com vista à superação da crise de sentido e de método que essa prática escolar tem demonstrado. / This paper reflects on the possibilities of the school in compliance of the determinations of the current Law of Directives and Bases of National Education (LDB) nº 9394/96, which recognizes it as the core manager responsible for its own political and pedagogical project. It questions the extent to which this educational practice has influenced the results obtained by the public schools and facilitated, locally, the implementation of educational policies developed within the education systems. It characterizes the structural concepts of political and pedagogical project through a literature review, discussing the scope that these theories have reached in the school day. Presents the results of a survey, carried out with a public school system, pointing out potential evidences of the crisis of meaning and method that this practice reveals. Recovers even the historical process that marked the course of the current LDB, demonstrating that the crisis must be understood first as a crisis congenital, inherited from the law that has conceived it. In the context of the educational system, this crisis is also characterized by bringing together key elements present in contemporary pedagogical thinking, exploring the system concept and its relationship with the school unit. Ends the research questioning the fundamental principles for thinking about the political and pedagogical project in view of the civil and educational movement, with a view to overcoming the crisis of meaning and method of the educational practice has shown.