A growing body of research has emphasised the social processes by which teachers – who are curriculum policy implementing agents – are trained and supported on how to practically implement policies in the classroom. Yet, little attention has been paid to the factors that influence teachers’ interpretation of curriculum policy and how their understanding of policy implementation influences the ways in which they respond to policies. Some research has already been done on the implementation of curriculum policies in schools, with findings centred largely on the disjuncture between policy and practice. Research has also established that much of what teachers are doing in the classroom does not reflect policy. Although teachers have opportunities to enhance the implementation of policy, there are also factors that negatively influence their implementation of educational policy. This is basically because of the gap between the policy makers and the implementing agents. The lack of a shared understanding between these two stakeholders’ results in a perception of policy as a set of strict rules and procedures meant to be followed by teachers. This study aims to develop an understanding of what influences teachers in their attempts to implement the curriculum policy on environmental education in the classroom. The study further aims to gain an understanding, from the practitioners’ perspectives, of how policy implementation challenges their habitual patterns of teaching and schooling and whether, to them, this implementation seems to threaten the conventional disciplinary curricular structures of fixed timetables and depending on textbooks, and leaves little room for outdoor or hands-on activities. The focus on teachers is motivated by the fact that they are the primary curriculum implementers in schools and as such, are expected to play a significant role in implementing the curriculum according to policy. This study advocates an interdisciplinary approach to implementing environmental education policy in teaching and learning in the Natural Sciences. This entails environmental education becoming part of the curriculum, and being taught as a cross-curricula component. In this context, environmental education will form part of teaching and learning in every learning area of the curriculum for the General Education and Training band of the South African education system. What this means for teachers is that they have to integrate environmental concepts or topics within their respective learning areas, and that they have to follow a learner-centred approach that allows learners the opportunity to become active participants, responsible for their own learning. This implies that, for learners to develop knowledge, skills, and correct attitudes regarding the environment, teachers have to use available, local teaching materials or resources. As the classroom becomes free from traditional teaching styles, learners become active and take responsibility for their own learning. They discuss and share ideas with one another, and the teacher becomes the facilitator of the teaching and learning process. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

Studien syftar till att bidra med ytterligare kunskap om hur vi kan driva kvalitetsförbättringar och därmed öka kundvärdet inom det svenska utbildningssystemet. Studien genomförs med en systematisk litteraturöversikt av artiklar om RTI-modellen. Kategoriseringen sker utifrån Bergman och Klefsjös (2012) hörnstensmodell för offensiv kvalitetsutveckling samt strukturkvalitet som en av kvalitetsdimensionerna i Österbergs (2014) analysmodell för det systematiska kvalitetsarbetet i skolan.   Förutsättningarna för att driva kvalitetsförbättringar med hjälp av RTI-modellen går att sammanfatta med; kompetent personal, rätt utrustning för att genomföra och analysera screeningar av eleverna, samt tid och stöd för arbetet. Samtliga värderingar i hörnstensmodellen nämns i artiklarna, vilket gör att vi kan anta att RTI-modellen går att använda för att utveckla kvalitet och skapa kundvärde i skolan.   Det krävs även en kultur som värdesätter mätning samt att arbeta med data för att RTI-modellen ska bidra till kvalitetsutveckling. Eftersom det amerikanska skolsystemet, där RTI-modellen hittills tillämpats, är mer resultatinriktat än det svenska kan vi utgå från att det amerikanska systemet är mer gynnsamt för att implementeringen av modellen ska vara framgångsrik. / The education system has historically had a reactive rather than a proactive approach to its customers, that is, students' needs and the conditions for achieving the school's goals. A reactive way of working is still the norm, although today we are aware that the effect of reactive improvements is limited. We are in a paradigm shift where the education system seeks to find models that are based on a modern view of quality, which means putting the customer's needs at the center.   The aim of the study is to contribute further knowledge of how we can drive quality improvements, thus increasing customer value within the Swedish education system. The study is conducted with a systematic literature review of articles on the model Response to Intervention. Categorization is based on Bergman and Klefsjö (2012) model for quality development based on customer needs and satisfaction, and Österbergs (2014) structural quality dimension.   The prerequisites for driving quality improvements using the RTI model can be summarized with; competent staff, the right equipment for carrying out and analyzing screenings of the students, as well as time and support for the work. All the values in the quality management model are mentioned in the articles, which allows us to assume that the RTI model can be used to develop quality and create customer value in the school.   It also requires a culture that values measurement and working with data in order for the RTI model to contribute to quality development. Since the US school system, where the RTI model has been applied so far, is more result-oriented than the Swedish, we assume that the US system is more beneficial for the implementation of the model to be successful. / <p>2018-06-27</p>

Submitted by Osvaldo Luis Bauch (osvaldo.bauch@terra.com.br) on 2018-04-16T16:38:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 osvaldo Luis Bauch.docx: 6972494 bytes, checksum: 90728cb43665317bb350c83eb1e01dbe (MD5) / Rejected by Carolina Lourenco null (carolinalourenco@fclar.unesp.br), reason: Bom dia, Osvaldo, Para aprovação no Repositório Institucional da UNESP, serão necessárias algumas correções na sua Dissertação. Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: - Transformar o arquivo em pdf (destravado); - Seu nome não deve estar embaixo da ficha catalográfica, e sim no cabeçalho da próxima página (folha de aprovação); - Numerar corretamente o trabalho. De acordo com o Manual de Normalização da Biblioteca, todas as folhas pré-textuais do trabalho, a partir da p. de rosto, devem ser contadas sequencialmente, mas não numeradas. A ficha catalográfica não deve nem ser contada. Em trabalhos impressos somente no anverso, a paginação é colocada a partir da primeira folha da parte textual (introdução), em algarismos arábicos, no canto superior direito da folha. Portanto, você deve tirar a numeração da Folha de aprovação e da Dedicatória (p. 4 e 5) e sua Introdução deve ser numerada como p. 11 e não 13. Não se esqueça depois de adequar o sumário e as listas de acordo com a nova numeração das páginas. - Páginas 154, 155 e 159 – as tabelas estão sobrepostas, você deve organizá-las; - Páginas 184 e 186 estão em branco – retirá-las; Para maiores esclarecimentos, acesse as normas da biblioteca: http://fclar.unesp.br/#!/biblioteca/normas-da-abnt/normalizacao/ ou procure as bibliotecárias da Seção de Referência (Elaine, Camila ou Sandra): (16) 3334 6222. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-04-17T12:12:20Z (GMT) / Submitted by Osvaldo Luis Bauch (osvaldo.bauch@terra.com.br) on 2018-04-17T22:46:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Osvaldo Luis Bauch.pdf: 4536858 bytes, checksum: df97319138fa228750056b439e6107f7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Carolina Lourenco null (carolinalourenco@fclar.unesp.br) on 2018-04-18T12:15:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bauch_ol_me_arafcl.pdf: 4536858 bytes, checksum: df97319138fa228750056b439e6107f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-18T12:15:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bauch_ol_me_arafcl.pdf: 4536858 bytes, checksum: df97319138fa228750056b439e6107f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-15 / Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como temática a escola de tempo integral no Ensino Fundamental no Sistema Municipal de Ensino de São José do Rio Preto, sob a perspectiva da educação básica como direito universal. A delimitação temporal deste estudo compreendeu o período de 2012, ano de implantação das escolas de tempo integral, até o final de 2016. A pesquisa foi realizada mediante abordagem ‘quali-quantitativa’, tendo como fonte documental a legislação nacional, especificamente, a Constituição Federal de 1988 e a Lei de Diretrizes e Base da Educação Nacional 9394/96; bem como a legislação municipal concernente à temática abordada. Nesta investigação priorizou-se na metodologia a pesquisa documental com foco no estudo histórico-organizacional de implantação da Escola de Tempo Integral no Sistema Municipal de Ensino de São José do Rio Preto. No referencial teórico, contemplou-se a obra dos seguintes autores: Dewey (1959); Gadotti (2004, 2006); Moll (2008, 2009, 2012); Cavaliere (2002, 2003, 2009), bem como no âmbito da pesquisa documental foram analisadas as publicações institucionais do Ministério da Educação e Cultura. Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa a análise da implantação da escola de tempo integral no Ensino Fundamental do Sistema Municipal de Ensino de São José do Rio Preto, mais especificamente, a Escola Municipal Professor Rodrigues Ferreira, localizada no complexo Educacional “José Luiz Spotti” Núcleo da Esperança Vila Azul. A título de objetivos específicos foram analisadas as atividades desenvolvidas na ampliação da jornada escolar, a estrutura organizacional-pedagógica, a matriz curricular, e os indicadores, no âmbito do planejamento escolar. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que a referida escola obteve resultados satisfatórios nas avaliações em larga escala em relação à média das escolas do sistema municipal de ensino de tempo integral, durante o período contemplado neste estudo. Pela análise dos documentos escolares, identificamos fatores que contribuíram para o êxito da referida escola, a saber: a) planejamento participativo realizado no nível da Unidade Escolar; b) estabilidade da equipe escolar; c) efetiva participação da comunidade escolar no planejamento e na definição das metas; d) implantação de uma matriz curricular a partir de 2014; e) formação continuada de professores e estudos sobre educação de tempo integral; f) uso das informações fornecidas pelos resultados das avaliações em larga escala no planejamento escolar. / This Master's dissertation deals with full-time education in Primary Education in the Municipal Education System of São José do Rio Preto, under the perspective of education as a universal right. The time delimitation for the study comprised the period between 2012, year of implementation of full-time schools, and 2016. The research was carried out through the documentary and historical-normative study, with a ‘qualiquantitative’ approach, and based on the Federal Constitution of 1988, on the Law of Directives and Basis of National Education 9394/96, and on the National and Municipal educational laws about the proposed theme. The methodology priorized the use of documentary research focused on a historic-organizational study of the implementation of Full-Time School in the Municipal Education System of Sao Jose do Rio Preto. The theoretical reference includes the works of the following researchers: Dewey (1959); Gadotti (2004, 2006); Moll (2008, 2009, 2012); Cavaliere (2002, 2003, 2009); as well as in the scope of documentary research we analyzed the institutional publications of the Ministry of Education and Culture. The objectives of this work are the analysis of the initiative of implantation of full-time school in Primary School in the city of São José do Rio Preto, more specifically in the Municipal School Professor Rodrigues Ferreira, located in the Educational Complex "José Luiz Spotti" Núcleo da Esperança Vila Azul. The activities developed in the expansion of the school day, its trajectory, structure, adequacies, perspectives and possibilities were also object of this study. The results of the research indicated that the school achieved satisfactory results in the large-scale evaluations in comparison to the average of the schools of the full-time municipal education system during the period of this research. By the analysis of the school documents we identified some factors that contributed to the success of the cited school, such as: a) participative planning performed at the level of the school; b) stability of the school team; effective participation of the school community on planning and goals definition; d) implantation of a curriculum as from 2014; e) continued teacher training and studies about full-time education; f) use of the information obtained from the results of the large scale evaluations on school planning.

Cette thêse porte sur les relations établies parmi les différents membres du Réseau Municipal d'Enseignement de Porto Alegre, depuis la promulgation de la loi n o 8198/98 qui ont créé ce systême, et des effets qu'elle a produit. La problématique développée dans ce travail vise à rendre visible les différentes circonstances historiques et politiques dans lesquelles se développent l'organisation du Réseau Municipal d'Enseignement de Porto Alegre, la création du Conseil Municipal d'Education et la mise en place du Systême Municipal d'Enseignement lui-même. Le récit de la thêse se sert des données et des informations recueillies par les historiens et les chercheurs du domaine de l'éducation ainsi que de la recherche elle-même qui était à la base de ce texte. De cette façon, nous avons essayé de mettre en lumiêre la compréhension à propos des thématiques comme la décentralisation, le systême, le plan et le conseil de l'éducation qui ont eu des conditions (de pouvoir) de s'imposer à des moments historiques donnés. Le travail s'est concentré sur les discours des rapports, des documents historiques et des lois qui ont permis, par la force de la loi ou par l'imposition politique, certaines inflexions au cours des événements éducatifs. L'émergence d'un Systême d'Enseignement intégré par plusieurs organismes et institutions, et géré par le Secrétariat Municipal d'Éducation, à la fois qu'il organise les services éducatifs à Porto Alegre, il produit des rapports de force três complexes parmi les institutions qui n'ont que leur domaine d'action défini, en outre sont jaloux de leurs pouvoirs. Le texte, motivé par les défis des écrits de Foucault, recherche avec insistance la question de la pensée habituelle sur la façon dont ces relations se produisent. / Esta tese trata das relações estabelecidas entre os diferentes integrantes do Sistema Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre, a partir da promulgação da Lei n° 8.198/98 que criou esse sistema, e dos efeitos que ela produziu. A problematização desenvolvida neste trabalho procura dar visibilidade ao modo como foram surgindo, em diferentes conjunturas históricas e políticas, a organização da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre, a criação do Conselho Municipal de Educação e a instituição do próprio Sistema Municipal de Ensino. A narrativa da tese se utilizou de dados e informações coletados tanto por historiadores e pesquisadores da área da educação como pela própria pesquisa que serviu de base para este texto. Procurouse tornar visível, assim, os entendimentos sobre temas como centralização/descentralização, sistema, plano e conselho de educação, os quais tiveram condições (de poder) para se impor, em determinados momentos históricos. O trabalho centrou-se nos discursos de relatórios, documentos históricos e legislações que possibilitaram, por força de lei ou por imposição política, determinadas inflexões no curso dos acontecimentos educacionais. O surgimento de um Sistema de Ensino integrado por vários órgãos e entidades, e administrado pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação, ao mesmo tempo em que organiza o atendimento educacional em Porto Alegre, produz relações de poder extremamente complexas entre instituições que não apenas têm o seu campo de atuação definido, mas que são ciosas de suas competências. O texto, instigado pelos desafios dos escritos foucaultianos, busca, insistentemente, problematizar o pensamento usual sobre o modo como se dão essas relações. / This thesis deals with the established relations between the different sectors of Municipal Education System in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, since the enactment of law no. 8,198 I 98 hat created this system, and the effects produced by it. The problematic developed in this work seeks to give visibility to how they have been emerging, in different historical and political circumstances, the organization of the Municipal Education System of Porto Alegre, the creation of the Municipal Board of Education and the establishment of the Municipal Education System itself. The thesis narrative used data and information collected by both historians and researchers from the field of education as well as the research itself, which was the basis for this text. We tried to make visible, the understandings on topics such as centralization I decentralization, system, plan and education council, which had conditions (of power) to impose themselves in certain historical moments. The research focused on report speeches, historical documents and legislation, which allowed by law imposition or policy enforcement, certain inflections in the course of educational events. The emerging of a learning Education System integrated with different public authorities and administrativa bodies, ruled by the City Department of Education, and which at the same time organizes the educational services in Porto Alegre, produces extremely complex relations of power between institutions which do not only have their field of actions clearly defined, but are also aware of their competences. The text, instigated by the challenges of Foucault's writings, aims insistently, to question the usual thinking about how these relationships occur. / La presente tesis trata de las relaciones establecidas entre los diferentes actores del Sistema Municipal de Educación de Porto Alegre, a partir de la promulgación de la Ley n° 8.198/98 que crearon este sistema, y los efectos que produce. La problematización que se desarrolla en este trabajo busca darle visibilidad ai modo como se fueron !levando a cabo, en diferentes coyunturas históricas y políticas, la organización de la Red Municipal de Educación de Porto Alegre, la creación del Consejo Municipal de Educación y la institución del mismo Sistema Municipal de Educación. Para la narrativa de la tesis, se utilizaron informaciones y datas recopilados tanto por historiadores e investigadores del área de educación como por la misma investigación que sirvió de base para este texto. De esa manera, se buscó volver visibles las comprensiones sobre temas tales como centralizaciónldescentralización, sistema, plan y consejo educativo, los que han tenido condiciones (de poder) para imponerse en determinados momentos históricos. El trabajo está centrado en los discursos de informes, documentos históricos y legislaciones que han posibilitado, a fuerza de ley o por imposición política, ciertas inflexiones en la marcha de los acontecimientos educacionales. El surgimiento de un Sistema Educativo integrado por varias órganos y entidades y gestionado por la Secretaria Municipal de Educación, a la vez que organiza la atención educacional en Porto Alegre, produce relaciones de poder extremadamente complejas entre instituciones que no solo tienen definido su ámbito de actuación, sino que también son celosos de sus competencias. El texto, motivado por los retos de los escritos foucaultianos, busca insistentemente la problematización del pensamiento corriente sobre cómo se dan dichas relaciones.

Cette thêse porte sur les relations établies parmi les différents membres du Réseau Municipal d'Enseignement de Porto Alegre, depuis la promulgation de la loi n o 8198/98 qui ont créé ce systême, et des effets qu'elle a produit. La problématique développée dans ce travail vise à rendre visible les différentes circonstances historiques et politiques dans lesquelles se développent l'organisation du Réseau Municipal d'Enseignement de Porto Alegre, la création du Conseil Municipal d'Education et la mise en place du Systême Municipal d'Enseignement lui-même. Le récit de la thêse se sert des données et des informations recueillies par les historiens et les chercheurs du domaine de l'éducation ainsi que de la recherche elle-même qui était à la base de ce texte. De cette façon, nous avons essayé de mettre en lumiêre la compréhension à propos des thématiques comme la décentralisation, le systême, le plan et le conseil de l'éducation qui ont eu des conditions (de pouvoir) de s'imposer à des moments historiques donnés. Le travail s'est concentré sur les discours des rapports, des documents historiques et des lois qui ont permis, par la force de la loi ou par l'imposition politique, certaines inflexions au cours des événements éducatifs. L'émergence d'un Systême d'Enseignement intégré par plusieurs organismes et institutions, et géré par le Secrétariat Municipal d'Éducation, à la fois qu'il organise les services éducatifs à Porto Alegre, il produit des rapports de force três complexes parmi les institutions qui n'ont que leur domaine d'action défini, en outre sont jaloux de leurs pouvoirs. Le texte, motivé par les défis des écrits de Foucault, recherche avec insistance la question de la pensée habituelle sur la façon dont ces relations se produisent. / Esta tese trata das relações estabelecidas entre os diferentes integrantes do Sistema Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre, a partir da promulgação da Lei n° 8.198/98 que criou esse sistema, e dos efeitos que ela produziu. A problematização desenvolvida neste trabalho procura dar visibilidade ao modo como foram surgindo, em diferentes conjunturas históricas e políticas, a organização da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre, a criação do Conselho Municipal de Educação e a instituição do próprio Sistema Municipal de Ensino. A narrativa da tese se utilizou de dados e informações coletados tanto por historiadores e pesquisadores da área da educação como pela própria pesquisa que serviu de base para este texto. Procurouse tornar visível, assim, os entendimentos sobre temas como centralização/descentralização, sistema, plano e conselho de educação, os quais tiveram condições (de poder) para se impor, em determinados momentos históricos. O trabalho centrou-se nos discursos de relatórios, documentos históricos e legislações que possibilitaram, por força de lei ou por imposição política, determinadas inflexões no curso dos acontecimentos educacionais. O surgimento de um Sistema de Ensino integrado por vários órgãos e entidades, e administrado pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação, ao mesmo tempo em que organiza o atendimento educacional em Porto Alegre, produz relações de poder extremamente complexas entre instituições que não apenas têm o seu campo de atuação definido, mas que são ciosas de suas competências. O texto, instigado pelos desafios dos escritos foucaultianos, busca, insistentemente, problematizar o pensamento usual sobre o modo como se dão essas relações. / This thesis deals with the established relations between the different sectors of Municipal Education System in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, since the enactment of law no. 8,198 I 98 hat created this system, and the effects produced by it. The problematic developed in this work seeks to give visibility to how they have been emerging, in different historical and political circumstances, the organization of the Municipal Education System of Porto Alegre, the creation of the Municipal Board of Education and the establishment of the Municipal Education System itself. The thesis narrative used data and information collected by both historians and researchers from the field of education as well as the research itself, which was the basis for this text. We tried to make visible, the understandings on topics such as centralization I decentralization, system, plan and education council, which had conditions (of power) to impose themselves in certain historical moments. The research focused on report speeches, historical documents and legislation, which allowed by law imposition or policy enforcement, certain inflections in the course of educational events. The emerging of a learning Education System integrated with different public authorities and administrativa bodies, ruled by the City Department of Education, and which at the same time organizes the educational services in Porto Alegre, produces extremely complex relations of power between institutions which do not only have their field of actions clearly defined, but are also aware of their competences. The text, instigated by the challenges of Foucault's writings, aims insistently, to question the usual thinking about how these relationships occur. / La presente tesis trata de las relaciones establecidas entre los diferentes actores del Sistema Municipal de Educación de Porto Alegre, a partir de la promulgación de la Ley n° 8.198/98 que crearon este sistema, y los efectos que produce. La problematización que se desarrolla en este trabajo busca darle visibilidad ai modo como se fueron !levando a cabo, en diferentes coyunturas históricas y políticas, la organización de la Red Municipal de Educación de Porto Alegre, la creación del Consejo Municipal de Educación y la institución del mismo Sistema Municipal de Educación. Para la narrativa de la tesis, se utilizaron informaciones y datas recopilados tanto por historiadores e investigadores del área de educación como por la misma investigación que sirvió de base para este texto. De esa manera, se buscó volver visibles las comprensiones sobre temas tales como centralizaciónldescentralización, sistema, plan y consejo educativo, los que han tenido condiciones (de poder) para imponerse en determinados momentos históricos. El trabajo está centrado en los discursos de informes, documentos históricos y legislaciones que han posibilitado, a fuerza de ley o por imposición política, ciertas inflexiones en la marcha de los acontecimientos educacionales. El surgimiento de un Sistema Educativo integrado por varias órganos y entidades y gestionado por la Secretaria Municipal de Educación, a la vez que organiza la atención educacional en Porto Alegre, produce relaciones de poder extremadamente complejas entre instituciones que no solo tienen definido su ámbito de actuación, sino que también son celosos de sus competencias. El texto, motivado por los retos de los escritos foucaultianos, busca insistentemente la problematización del pensamiento corriente sobre cómo se dan dichas relaciones.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:49:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LARISSA_Dissertacao_15_08_2011.pdf: 776066 bytes, checksum: 5f119dd7f54b2c72b4c213f0a47c4aeb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-22 / The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of the supervised training concerning the skills development of nurses drawn up by the national curricular guidelines. The study aimed to reflect on the development of skills in view of students and professors involved with the training process, through the actions developed in the everyday training. This is a qualitative research, featured as a case study. The supervised training was implemented in the nursing program in the second semester of 2010. The researchers are students of the last semester of graduation and professors of the first group of this supervised training. The data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires. The data collected through open-ended questions consists in statistical analysis and the closed-ended questions were analyzed and interpreted by the method of content analysis. To summarize, the development of skills goes beyond the repetitive actions. Its development requires a thorough knowledge of concepts, methods and objectives which we aim to achieve / A presente pesquisa objetivou analisar o papel do Estágio Curricular Supervisionado (ECS) no desenvolvimento das competências do profissional enfermeiro conforme as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. O estudo buscou refletir acerca do desenvolvimento das competências na visão dos alunos e dos docentes envolvidos com o processo de estágio, por meio de ações desenvolvidas no dia a dia de estágio Trata-se de pesquisa quanti qualitativa, caracterizada como estudo de caso. O Estágio Curricular Supervisionado foi implantado no curso de enfermagem no segundo semestre de 2010. Foram sujeitos da pesquisa: alunos do último semestre da graduação e docentes desta primeira turma de ECS. A coleta de dados se deu por meio da aplicação de questionários semiestruturados. Os dados obtidos por meio de perguntas fechadas passaram por análise estatística e os obtidos por meio de perguntas abertas foram analisados e interpretados através do método de análise de conteúdos. Concluímos que o desenvolvimento das competências profissionais vai além da realização repetitiva de determinadas ações. Seu desenvolvimento requer um conhecimento aprofundado de concepções, métodos e objetivos que se almeja alcançar.

Esta dissertação reflete sobre as possibilidades da escola no cumprimento das determinações da atual Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB) nº 9394/96, que a reconhece como núcleo gestor responsável pelo seu próprio projeto político-pedagógico. Problematiza em que medida essa prática escolar tem influenciado os resultados obtidos pelas escolas públicas e viabilizado, localmente, a implementação das políticas educacionais desenvolvidas no âmbito dos sistemas de ensino. Caracteriza as concepções estruturantes sobre projeto político-pedagógico por meio de uma análise bibliográfica, discutindo o alcance que tais teorizações têm alcançado no cotidiano escolar. Apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa, realizada junto a uma rede pública de ensino, apontando potenciais evidências da crise de sentido e de método que tal prática revela. Recupera ainda o processo histórico que marcou a tramitação da atual LDB, demonstrando que a referida crise deve ser entendida primeiro como crise congênita, herdada da própria lei que a concebeu. No contexto do sistema educacional, essa crise também é caracterizada ao reunir elementoschaves presentes no pensamento pedagógico contemporâneo, que exploram o conceito de sistema e a sua relação com a unidade escolar. Finaliza a pesquisa problematizando princípios fundamentais para se pensar o projeto políticopedagógico na perspectiva do movimento da educação cidadã, com vista à superação da crise de sentido e de método que essa prática escolar tem demonstrado. / This paper reflects on the possibilities of the school in compliance of the determinations of the current Law of Directives and Bases of National Education (LDB) nº 9394/96, which recognizes it as the core manager responsible for its own political and pedagogical project. It questions the extent to which this educational practice has influenced the results obtained by the public schools and facilitated, locally, the implementation of educational policies developed within the education systems. It characterizes the structural concepts of political and pedagogical project through a literature review, discussing the scope that these theories have reached in the school day. Presents the results of a survey, carried out with a public school system, pointing out potential evidences of the crisis of meaning and method that this practice reveals. Recovers even the historical process that marked the course of the current LDB, demonstrating that the crisis must be understood first as a crisis congenital, inherited from the law that has conceived it. In the context of the educational system, this crisis is also characterized by bringing together key elements present in contemporary pedagogical thinking, exploring the system concept and its relationship with the school unit. Ends the research questioning the fundamental principles for thinking about the political and pedagogical project in view of the civil and educational movement, with a view to overcoming the crisis of meaning and method of the educational practice has shown.

A presente pesquisa buscou investigar as relações entre Educação Infantil e Teatro a partir das Linguagens Cênicas que vêm sendo concebidas e construídas em propostas formativas, educativas e infantis da Rede Municipal de São Paulo/SP. Partindo da análise do Curso Percursos de aprendizagens na Educação Infantil: práticas teatrais, junto ao Programa de Formação Continuada da Educação Infantil promovido pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo/SP (SME/SP), denominado A Rede em rede: formação continuada na Educação Infantil, e de alguns de seus desdobramentos, como o Caderno Percursos de aprendizagens na Educação Infantil: práticas teatrais, foi possível se aproximar de propostas educativas de professoras envolvidas e de propostas infantis de meninas e meninos pequenos. Para tal, foram realizados os seguintes procedimentos: pesquisa de campo em um Centro de Educação Infantil (CEI) da cidade de São Paulo, com observação da jornada educativa; oito entrevistas semiestruturadas com professoras, coordenadora e supervisora da SME/SP, e com formadoras do referido Curso; além da coleta e análise de documentos e de outros materiais produzidos. As análises dos dados coletados foram realizadas de forma articulada, à luz da produção recente tanto brasileira quanto estrangeira no campo das pesquisas em Educação Infantil, na interface com as Ciências Sociais e com as Artes na primeira infância, e com a produção teórica sobre o Teatro propriamente dito especialmente da Performance e do Teatro pós-dramático , concebendo as crianças como plenas, inteiras, completas e as Linguagens Cênicas como formas delas conhecerem, criarem, inventarem, sentirem, viverem e compartilharem conhecimentos, saberes e culturas, assim como, também das profissionais da Educação Infantil. O Curso investigado e seus desdobramentos, apesar de não romperem com propostas formativas que ainda desconsideram o protagonismo e as criações de crianças, professoras, gestoras e formadoras, trouxeram alguns avanços e contribuições que se revelaram emergentes para a construção de uma Pedagogia da Educação Infantil fundamentada nas Artes, mas que só poderá ser construída quando forem consideradas as propostas educativas e infantis que estão sendo inventadas pelas professoras e, especialmente, pelas meninas e meninos pequenos, a partir das Linguagens Cênicas. / This research sought to investigate the relationship between Child Education and Theater in the perspective of the Scenic Languages that have been conceived and constructed in formative, educative and infantile proposals in the education system of the city of São Paulo/SP. Starting with the analysis of the Course on Itineraries of learning in Child Education: theatrical practices, by Continued Training Program on Child Education conducted by the Education Department of the City of São Paulo/SP (SME/SP), called The networking in education system: continued training on Child Education, and some of its outcomes, as the Booklet Itineraries of learning in Child Education: theatrical practices, it was possible to take a close look at educative proposals of female teachers involved and at infantile proposals for young girls and boys. For such, the following procedures were carried out: field research in a Child Education Center (CEI) in the city of São Paulo, with observation of the educative working hours; eight semi-structures interviews of female teachers, educational coordinator and the supervisor from SME/SP, and with lecturers in the training course mentioned above; in addition to the collection and analysis of documents and other materials produced. The analysis of the data collected was conducted in an articulated fashion, in the light of the recent literature both in Brazil and abroad in the field of studies on Child Education, in interface with Social Science and Art in early childhood, and with theoretical production about Theater specially Performance and post-dramatic Theater , conceiving children as full, integral, complete subjects and the Scenic Languages as ways of knowing, creating, inventing, feeling, living and sharing different types of knowledge and cultures, as well as the professionals working in Child Education. The Training Course being investigated and its deployments, although they do not break away with the formative proposals that still disregard the prominence and the creativity of children, teachers, managers and trainers, brought forth some improvements and contributions that turned out to be emergent in the construction of a Pedagogy for Child Education based on Art, but it will only be able to be devised when and educative and infantile proposals are taken into consideration as they have been invented by teachers and, especially, by the young girls and boys, aided by the Scenic Languages.

Au moment où les échanges interculturels s’intensifient, les expériences de mobilité commencent à un âge de plus en plus jeune, et l’accès à l’Internet permet des rencontres interculturelles sans aucun déplacement géographique, l’enseignement du chinois laisse apparaître une nouvelle attente : le développement des compétences culturelles et interculturelles qui permettent aux apprenants d’avoir une plus grande ouverture envers d’autres cultures et de maintenir une relation non-conflictuelle avec l’Autre. Pourtant, la réalité nous fait voir qu’il existe un décalage entre les objectifs culturels et interculturels des matériaux pédagogiques, des enseignants, des élèves et de leurs parents, et leur mise en place dans l’enseignement, un décalage entre les objectifs théoriques préconisés par les documents officiels et les objectifs dans la pratique, ainsi qu’un décalage entre les compétences culturelles et interculturelles et leur reconnaissance par le système scolaire français.La présente recherche s’inscrit dans une didactique des langues et des cultures ouverte à la pluridisciplinarité et emprunte notamment à l’anthropologie, à la sociologie et à la psychologie. Elle prend comme terrain d’étude la cité scolaire Emile Zola de Rennes et s’appuie sur un corpus mixte d’entretiens, de matériaux pédagogiques et des documents officiels. Considérant comme acteurs sociaux les 5 enseignants, les 20 élèves et les 16 parents, elle a pu montrer l’importance les facteurs non-scolaires dans le développement des compétences culturelles et interculturelles des apprenants dans l’enseignement du chinois face au contexte secondaire français. / In the current context when the cultural exchanges increase, the mobility experiences start at a young age and the use of Internet allows the intercultural encounters without any geographical movement, the Chinese teaching reveals a new expectation : the development of cultural and intercultural competences that enables learners to have a greater openness towards other cultures and maintain a non-conflictual relationship with the other. However, the reality shows us that there is a gap between the cultural and intercultural objectives of teaching materials, teachers, students and parents, and their implementation in teaching, a gap between the theoretical objectives recommended by official documents and the objectives in practice, and also a gap between cultural and intercultural competences and their recognition by the French education system.Our research falls under the didactics of languages and cultures, open to pluridisciplinarity, and borrows especially from anthropology, sociology and psychology. It takes as study field the middle school Emile Zola of Rennes and relies on a mixed corpus of interviews, teaching materials and the official documents. Considering as social actors the 5 teachers, 20 students and 16 parents, the study was able to show the importance of social factors in the development of cultural and intercultural competences of learners in Chinese teaching of French secondary education.

The Resilient Educators support programme (REds) for HIV and AIDS affected educators was initiated by the University of the Northwest in 2006, following a research project in 2005 that highlighted the need for a support programme that addresses the challenges of educators affected by HIV and AIDS, as existing support structures were found to be inadequate. The REds programme is implemented in phases, and after the completion of each phase, the programme is modified to meet the needs of a broader audience of educators. Since 2006, the REds programme has been implemented by independent researchers in four South African provinces, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, the Northwest province and the Free State. This round of implementation included a comparison group, to allow researchers to compare data. The 2009 implementation of the REds programme was aimed at gathering comparative data to prove that the programme has a positive impact on the quality of life and resilience of educators. This was done in order to provide to the greater REds programme the opportunity to generalise the findings of the programme, and implement it on a national level. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the 2009 version of the REds programme to enhance the quality of life and resilience of HIV and AIDS affected educators in Gauteng. For the purpose of this research study, the researcher used applied and evaluative research. The mixed methods research approach was used, followed by the concurrent triangulation design. The qualitative and quantitative data carried the same weight in the results of the study, and the data sets were merged in the interpretation to produce well-validated conclusions. When comparing the pre- and post-test results, both the quantitative and qualitative data were used to prove or disprove the hypothesis. For the quantitative part of the study, the researcher made use of a quasi-experimental design namely the comparison group pre-test-post-test design. For the qualitative part of the study, the researcher used a collective case study design. Quantitative data was collected through two group administered standardised questionnaires, the Professional Quality of Life Screening (ProQol) and the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA). Qualitative data was collected by using a narrative, drawings and observations. Pre-test data was collected from the experimental and comparison groups prior to exposure to the REds programme. The experimental group participated in the programme and afterwards, both the experimental and comparison groups participated in a post-test. The participants were recruited from the Diepsloot Combined School and the Emfundiswene Primary School in Alexandra, Johannesburg, Gauteng, by using non-probability volunteer sampling. The quantitative empirical research findings in the experimental group data showed minimal differences between the pre- and post-test data for the ProQol test, and trivial differences in the RSA screening. The comparison group data also showed minimal differences, but the differences were in a downward trend. When comparing the experimental and comparison group findings, the experimental group’s results were slightly more positive than the comparison group, but not enough to draw valid conclusions. However, the qualitative findings showed that the participants in the experimental group found that the programme addressed their support needs as HIV and AIDS affected educators and they felt empowered with knowledge and skills that they lacked, thus making them more resilient. The researcher did not mark any changes in the comparison group data, thus indicating that they did not feel empowered. The researcher hypothesised the following: If the Resilient Educators support programme (REds) were implemented among HIV and AIDS affected educators, their quality of life and resilience will be increased. Conclusions drawn from the qualitative research findings indicated that the REds programme met the support needs of HIV and AIDS affected educators, as the experimental group indicated that they felt empowered and the comparison group did not indicate this. The quantitative data results were not significant enough to prove or disprove the proposed hypothesis, and thus the researcher recommends that the reasons for the insignificant test results from the questionnaires be investigated. AFRIKAANS : Die Resilient Educators Support Programme (REds), ’n ondersteunings program vir MIV-en VIGS-geaffekteerde opvoeders, is in 2006, deur die Noordwes-Universiteit ontwikkel. Die projek spruit uit navorsing wat in 2005 gedoen is en getoon het dat die uitdagings wat MIV-en VIGS-geaffekteerde opvoeders in die gesig staar nie aangespreek word deur die huidige ondersteuningstrukture nie, en dat daar ’n daadwerklike behoefte aan ’n ondersteuningsprogram bestaan. Die REds-program word in fases geïmplementeer, en in elke fase, word die program heraangepas om aan die behoeftes van ’n breër teikengehoor van opvoeders te voldoen. Sedert die begin van die projek in 2006, is die REds-program deur verskeie onafhanklike navorsers, in vier Suid Afrikaanse provinsies, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Noordwes en die Vrystaat geïmplementeer. Die 2009-implementering van die REds-program, het ’n vergelykende groep ingesluit, wat navorsers instaat stel om die data wat ingesamel word te vergelyk met ’n groep wat nie ’n intervensie ontvang het nie. Die 2009-implementering van die REds-program se doel was om vergelykbare data in te samel, en sodoende te bewys dat die program ‘n positiewe impak op die lewensgehalte en veerkragtigheid van opvoeders het. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te evalueer hoe doeltreffend die 2009-weergawe van die REds-program die lewenskwaliteit en veerkragtigheid van MIV-en VIGS geaffekteerde opvoeders in Gauteng verbeter. Vir die doeleindes van hierdie navorsing het die navorser toegepaste en evaluerende navorsing benut. Die gemengdemetode-navorsingsbenadering en die samewerkende triangulasie-ontwerp is benut. Die kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe data dra ewe veel gewig in die resultate van die studie. Datastelle is ook saamgevoeg tydens die interpretasie daarvan ten einde deeglik gestaafde gevolgtrekkings te maak. Tydens die vergelyking van die voor- en na-toetsresultate, is die kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe data benut om die hipotese te bewys of te weerlê. Vir die kwantitatiewe deel van die studie het die navorser ‘n kwasieksperimentele ontwerp, genaamd die groep-vergelykende voor-toets-na-toetsontwerp benut. Die kwalitatiewe deel van die studie is gedoen met behulp van die kollektiewe gevallestudie-ontwerp. Kwantitatiewe data is verkry deur twee groepgeadministreerde gestandaardiseerde vraelyste, die Professional Quality of Life Screening (ProQol) en die Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), te gebruik. Kwalitatiewe data is ingesamel deur gebruik te maak van ’n narratief, tekeninge en observasies. Voor-toets-data is ingesamel by die eksperimentele en vergelykende groep. Die eksperimentele groep het die die REdsprogram deurloop en beide groepe het daarna deelgeneem aan die na-toets. Die deelnemers van die Diepsloot gekombineerde skool en die Emfundiswene laerskool in Alexandra, Johannesburg is by wyse van ’n nie-waarskynlikheids steekproeftrekking gekies, deur van die vrywillige steekproeftegniek gebruik te maak. Die kwantitatiewe navorsingsbevindinge van die eksperimentele groep het minimale verskille tussen die voor- en na-toets-data getoon vir die ProQol-toets, en niksbeduidende verskille is opgemerk in die RSA-toets. Die vergelykende groep se data het ook minimale verskille tussen die voor- en na-toets getoon, maar hierdie veranderings was negatief. In ’n vergelyking tussen die eksperimentele en vergelykende groep se resultate, is bevind dat die eksperimentele groep se uitslae meer positief van aard was as die van die vergelykende groep. Hierdie verskil is egter so klein dat geen werklilke gevolgtrekkings gemaak kan word nie. Desnieteenstaande het die kwalitatiewe bevindinge getoon dat die program wel aan die eksperimentele groep se ondersteuningsbehoeftes voorsien het. Die deelnemers het aangedui dat hulle bemagtig is met die kennis en vaardighede wat hul benodig om hul veerkragtigheid te verhoog. Die navorser het egter geen veranderinge in die vergelykende groep se data waargeneem nie, wat dus beteken dat die vergelykende groep nie bemagtig is nie. Die navorser het die volgende hipotese geformuleer: Indien die Resilient Educators support program (REds) onder MIV-en VIGS-geaffekteerde opvoeders geïmplimenteer word, sal hul lewenskwaliteit en veerkragtigheid verbeter. Gevolgtrekkings gemaak na gelang van die kwalitatitewe navorsingsbevindinge toon aan dat die REds-program wel die ondersteuningsbehoeftes van die opvoeders aanspreek, aangesien die eksperimentele groep aangedui het dat hulle bemagtig voel, in teenstelling met die vergelykende groep wat nie bemagtig voel nie. Die kwantitatiewe navorsingsbevindinge was egter van so ’n aard dat die navorser dit nie kon benut om die hipotese waar of vals te bewys nie. Na gelang van hierdie bevinding beveel die navorser onder andere aan dat die rede(s) vir die niksseggende kwantitatiewe toetsresultate verder ondersoek word. / Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted