<p>The primary objective of this research was to identify and<br />analyse the challenges faced by ethnic minority students<br />while studying and building an academic career in the higher<br />education system of Serbia. The secondary objective was to<br />analyse the unconscious and conscious gender biases towards<br />ethnic minority women, when building their academic careers<br />and in reaching decision-making position in academia. The<br />tertiary objective of was to raise awareness about the<br />increased demand for human resources in the technical fields<br />and that therefore more women should be steered towards the<br />studying engineering.<br />The research was conducted based on 2192 filled in<br />questionnaires and 45 semi-structured interviews. The<br />research results showed that language, intersecting with<br />gender, ethnicity and class result in a new inequality concept.<br />It was shown that women are under-represented in technical<br />fields, which has its roots in gender stereotypes. Finally, it<br />was shown that women are less motivated to reach higher<br />positions in the Serbian higher education system than men.<br />The author proposes a set of policy recommendations for<br />solving/mitigating the identified challenges, e.g. deconstruction<br />of gender stereotypes via improved teaching<br />aids in elementary and high schools, optimised Serbian<br />language teaching to eliminate the language difficulty faced<br />at the start of their higher education; as well as the founding<br />of an ethnic minority research centre, which would research<br />the challenges faced by ethnic minority communities.</p> / <p>Primarni cilj istraživanja je identifikacija i i analiza prepreka<br />u sistemu visokog obrazovanja tokom studiranja i izgradnje<br />karijere u akademskoj zajednici žena iz nacionalnih zajednica<br />sa posebnim osvrtom na žene iz mađarske nacionalne<br />zajednice. Sekundarni cilj je analiza nesvesne i svesne rodne<br />pristrasnosti prema ženama etničkih manjina u toku izgradnje<br />akademske karijere i pri dosezanju visokih pozicija unutar<br />akademije. Tercijarni cilj istraživanja je podizanje svesti o<br />tome, kako je potražnja za ljudskim resursima na trži&scaron;tu rada<br />u oblasti tehničkih nauka značajna i da je stoga potrebno<br />usmeriti veći broj žena ka tim oblastima. Istraživanje je<br />sprovedeno pomoću 2192 popunjena upitnika i 45 polustrukturirana<br />intervjua. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da jezik,<br />koji je u intersekciji sa rodom, nacionalno&scaron;ću i klasom,<br />rezultira novim konceptom nejednakosti. Takođe je dokazano<br />da su žene nedovoljno zastupljene u tehničkim oblastima, &scaron;to<br />je najvećim delom moguće pripisati rodnim stereotipima.<br />Konačno, utvrđeno je da su žene manje motivisane da<br />dosegnu visoke pozicije od mu&scaron;karaca u sistemu visokog<br />&scaron;kolstva. Autorka predlaže skup mera za re&scaron;avanje i/ili<br />ublažavanje identifikovanih izazova, npr. dekonstrukcija<br />rodnih stereotipa pomoću unapređenih nastavnih materijala u<br />osnovnim i srednjim &scaron;kolama, prilađen program učenja<br />srpskog jezika za učenike iz etničkih manjina sa ciljem<br />izbegavanja jezičke barijere na početku studija; odnosno<br />osnivanje centra za istraživanje statusa i izazova zajednica<br />etničkih manjina.</p>

This diploma thesis deals with education at composite school and its problems. It is a case study at a particular primary school, which is not fully organized. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part contains three chapters. In the introductory chapter there is described the current conception of Czech education system. This system is related closely to curricular system of education in the Czech Republic. The first chapter is also focused on curricular documents - The Framework Educational Programme for Basic Education and National Programme for the Development of Education in the Czech Republic (White Paper). The second chapter deals with a teacher's personality. The aim is to describe the teacher's role in educational process at primary schools. Concerning teachers, there is also described their profession, characterization of their personality and definition of the teachers' role. The last chapter is concerned with education at composite primary schools and it is aimed especially at the characterization of specific attributes of composite schools education. The second part of the thesis is a practical part and it has qualitative character. The practical part is a detailed prezentation of the case study of a concrete composite school. This part describes pedagogical-educational influence of the school on its pupils. There are also described local teachers, pupils and their parents. There were used different methods for this research - observation, in-depth dialogue and qestionnaire.

Die Arbeit analysiert den sozioökonomischen Wandel auf dem Lande in Ostdeutschland und seine Folgen für die Sozialisation und die Statuspassagen der Jugendlichen, besonders auf dem Hintergrund der sozialökonomischen Lage ihrer Familien. Gegenstand der Untersuchung ist der Übersetzungsprozess der grundlegenden Transformation der Arbeits- und Lebensverhältnisse auf dem Lande in die familialen und weiteren Sozialisationskontexte von Jugendlichen sowie dessen Niederschlag in ihren Handlungsmustern, Wertorientierungen, Lebensentwürfen und Statuspassagen. Untersucht wurden auf der Basis repräsentativer schriftlicher Befragungen sowie einer Auswahl mündlicher Interviews Jugendliche, die sich am Ende ihrer Normalschulzeit befinden, und deren Eltern. Ihren besonderen Reiz erfährt die Untersuchung durch einen Vergleich zu einer Untersuchung, die Ende der 70er Jahre zu Lebensbedingungen und zur Lebensweise von Schuljugendlichen auf dem Lande in der DDR durchgeführt wurde. / This habilitation is examined the radical socioeconomic change in agrarian districts of East Germany and the impact of this modernisation process on the working and living conditions of families, and especially the young people. The study scrutinises the status passage of the young generation (16 to 18 year old school leavers) on the backround of the socioeconomic situation of their families. It takes into account the familial and life world context of the socialisation process and looks at the status passage from school to work as a process of translating the changing social conditions into patterns of value orientation, life course planning, and biography construction. Representative questionings and interviews of the young people and their parents are the empirical basis for this study. The special charm of this research project is the historical comparison with studies on life conditions and ways of life of young people in the GDR during the 70s.

Questa ricerca presenta una panoramica introduttiva delle principali variabili (storiche, sociali, economiche, istituzionali, culturali, ideologiche e valoriali) che condizionano il policy-making educativo degli Stati Uniti e descrive le riforme e innovazioni più significative introdotte negli ultimi trent’anni nel sistema scolastico americano. Quali fattori socio-culturali, urgenze storiche, azioni e convinzioni politiche stanno alla base delle riforme in atto? Come stanno mutando gli equilibri di potere fra governo federale, stati membri e autorità locale e quali sono le ricadute di questo riallineamento sulla governance scolastica? L’approccio seguito per esaminare le principali riforme ed innovazioni (dal movimento per gli standard comuni, al collegamento fra i test scolastici e accountability per i risultati, alle charter school) è quello proprio della policy research, disciplina pressoché sconosciuta a quanti s’interessano di problematiche pedagogiche in Italia ma che può arricchire la capacità di lettura e comprensione di molte questioni dibattute quando si parla di riforme dell’istruzione. / this research provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of education policies in the United States. Blending together theoretical analysis and practical examples, it examines the main variables (history, economy, demographics, political structures, ideologies, values, political culture) that influence the policy environment. What social and economic needs does the U.S. education system cater to? What sociocultural factors, pressing historical circumstances, political choices and actions and beliefs (independent) underlie the current education reforms? What are the implications of the shift of power over education policy from the school and local levels to the federal and state levels? Current issues such as charter schools, high-stakes testing, standards-based reform, and school choice are analyzed in retrospective and perspective using a policy research approach to public problems and policy alternatives. Almost unknown to Italian educational experts, particularly in academia, policy research can expand our general understanding and knowledge about problems and choices when education reform is under discussion.

No description available.

Le propos de la présente recherche est de comprendre le développement du procès de construction et d’implantation d’un curriculum modulaire pour le Cours d’Odontologie, basé sur les Directives Curriculaires Nationales, dans une université communautaire au Sud du Brésil. Au coeur de cette thématique, on a apporté la perspective des étudiants du cours, des enseignants et de l’équipe directive de l’Université. La méthodologie qualitative a utilisé une Étude de Cas, dont le champ de recherche a été les témoignages de participants de la réforme curriculaire dans le Cours de graduation en Odontologie de l’Universidade do Planalto Catarinense (UNIPLAC – Université du Plateau de Santa Catarina), à Lages – SC. La collecte de données a été réalisée au moyen d’entrevues, tout au long de neuf mois, où ont participé les étudiants d’Odontologie (curriculum modulaire), les professeurs, à différents champs de travail et l’équipe directive de l’Université (le Coordinateur de cours, le Chef de Département et le Prorecteur pour l’enseignement). Outre les entrevues, la collecte de données a inclus l’analyse documentaire et l’observation (registres en journal de champ). Les données ont été analysées au moyen de l’Analyse Textuelle Discursive, proposée par Moraes et Galiazzi (2007). Les résultats sont réunis dans les catégories suivantes : 1) Le procès de réforme curriculaire : la proposition de changement possible dans la formation; 2) Les tensions du procès : la différence entre la théorie pensée et la réalité perçue (l’intégration : condition essentielle au curriculum modulaire/ L’organisation ou la manque d’organisation / chirurgiens-dentistes enseignants ou enseignants chirurgiens-dentistes : l’(in)capacité des enseignants du cours d’odontologie ; Évaluations, apprentissages et curriculum : difficultés d’intégration/ La coordination du cours d’odontologie : où est-elle ? Le nouveau émergent : le défi du changement) ; 3) La démarche du procès et ses avances; 4) L’expérience du curriculum intégré : un procès continu d’apprentissage et de dépassement ; 5) Le cours d’odontologie de l’UNIPLAC : qu’est-ce que nous voyons pour l’avenir ? On a été observé un long et complexe procès d’élaboration de la nouvelle structure curriculaire, notamment pour ce qui a concerné la participation et la motivation d’enseignants dans le collégial du cours d’Odontologie. Il y a eu des difficultés dans la compréhension du propos par les enseignants et par les étudiants. Quand même, la méthode proposée a été bien reçue et évaluée par les étudiants dans les différents semestres du cours. Les noeuds de plus grande densité du procès de changement curriculaire incluent : – la manque d’intégralité, d’organisation et de communication à l’intérieur des modules et entre les modules ; – l’ignorance, de la part des enseignants, du propos curriculaire ; – la forme d’engagement des enseignants dans l’institution ; – la difficulté dans le processus d’évaluation des étudiants ; – l’incapacité du coordinateur du cours ; – la manque de qualifications pour le collégial du cours d’Odontologie (avant et après l’implantation du nouveau curriculum). Il est nécessaire une reprise responsable dans la conduction du procès de réforme curriculaire et une gestion plus partagée et collective à l’Université. / O propósito da presente pesquisa foi compreender o desenvolvimento do processo de construção e implantação de um currículo modular para o Curso de Odontologia, baseado nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, em uma universidade comunitária no Sul do Brasil. Dentro desta temática, foi apresentada a perspectiva dos estudantes do curso, dos professores e da equipe diretiva da Universidade. A metodologia qualitativa utilizou um Estudo de Caso, cujo campo de investigação foram os depoimentos de participantes da reforma curricular no curso de graduação em Odontologia da Universidade do Planalto Catarinense (UNIPLAC), em Lages - SC. A coleta de dados aconteceu por meio de entrevistas, ao longo de nove meses, em que participaram os discentes de Odontologia (currículo modular), os docentes, em diferentes áreas de atuação e a equipe diretiva da Universidade (Coordenador de curso, o Chefe de Departamento e o Pró-Reitor de Ensino). Além das entrevistas, a coleta de dados incluiu a análise documental e a observação (registros em diário de campo). Os dados foram analisados por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva, proposta por Moraes e Galiazzi (2007). Os resultados estão reunidos nas seguintes categorias: 1) O processo de reforma curricular: a proposta possível de mudança na formação; 2) As tensões do processo: a diferença entre a teoria pensada e a realidade percebida (A integração: condição essencial no currículo modular / A organização ou a falta dela /Cirurgiões-dentistas professores ou professores cirurgiõesdentistas: o (des) preparo dos professores do curso de odontologia; Avaliações, aprendizagens e currículo: dificuldades de integração / A coordenação do curso de odontologia: onde está? O novo emergente: o desafio da mudança); 3) O caminhar do processo e seus avanços; 4) A vivência do currículo integrado: um processo contínuo de aprendizagem e superação; 5) O curso de odontologia da UNIPLAC: o que vemos para o futuro? Foi observado um longo e complexo processo de elaboração da nova estrutura curricular, especialmente no que se referiu à participação e motivação de professores no colegiado do curso de Odontologia. Houve dificuldades no entendimento da proposta por professores e estudantes. Ainda assim, o método proposto foi bem recebido e avaliado pelos estudantes nos diferentes semestres do curso. Os nós de maior densidade do processo de mudança curricular incluem: - falta de integralidade, organização e comunicação dentro dos módulos e entre os módulos; - desconhecimento, por parte dos professores, da proposta curricular; - forma de contratação dos professores na instituição; - dificuldade no processo de avaliação dos estudantes; - despreparo do coordenador do curso; - falta de capacitações para o colegiado do curso de Odontologia (antes e após a implantação do novo currículo). Há necessidade da retomada responsável na condução do processo de reforma curricular e de uma gestão mais partilhada e coletiva na Universidade. / The aim of the present study was to comprehend the ongoing process of construction and implantation of an integrated curriculum for graduation in dental education, according to the National Curricular Guidelines, in a community university in the south of Brazil. In this sense, it was evaluated the expectations of the engaged students, professors, and the management group of the university. It was employed a qualitative methodology of case study based on the testimonies of the subjects moved ahead on the curricular reform for the graduation degree in Odontology of the Universidade do Planalto Catarinense (UNIPLAC) in Lages, State of Santa Catarina. Data were gathered along 9 months by direct interviews to all the selected participants belonging to the groups of undergraduate students (from the new integrated curriculum), assistant and full professors (from different professional working areas), and members of the directive group in different hierarchical positions. Besides this approach, research data included documental analysis and notes in regard to direct in loco observations. The writing discursive analysis technique was employed as proposed by Moraes and Galiazzi (2007). Results were grouped in the following categories: 1) The curricular reform process: one possible proposal for changing graduation standards; 2) Process-related stress: differences between the imagined theory and the perceived truth (Integration: the crucial condition for an integrated curriculum/ Organization or lack of organization/ Dentists as professors or professors that are also dentists: teaching (non-)capacities of the professors of Odontology; Exams, lessons and curriculum: difficulties for the integration/ Where is the Odontology course coordination group? The new and emergent fact: the challenger changing); 3) The development of the process and its forward steps; 4) The ongoing experience of an integrated curriculum: a continuous process of learning and overcoming; 5) The graduation in Odontology at UNIPLAC: what can be foreseen? There was a long and complex process for the elaboration of the new curricular structure, mainly due to the motivation and participation of the professors engaged in the Odontology course. For them and the students, it was not an easy way to realize the rationale of the new curricular proposal. Even though, students from different graduation years felt themselves well adapted to the integrated curriculum and high rated their experience with the new curriculum when asked to. Main limitations that were noted included: - lack of integration, organization and dialogue within and among the modular themes; - professors’ lack of knowledge of the new integrated curriculum proposal; - how is the Univeristy policy for the professor application and selection procedure; - difficulties when evaluating students’ performance; - lack of pedagogical expertise for the course coordinator position; and, - lack of adequate training for the Odontology docent staff prior to and after the beginning of the new integrated curriculum. There is a clear need for redirecting this process of curricular reform aiming a more reliable and consistent way as well as a more participative and collective administration of the UNIPLAC. / El propósito de la presente investigación fue entender el desarrollo del proceso de construcción e implantación de un currículo modular para el Curso de Odontología, basado en las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales, en una universidad comunitaria del Sur de Brasil. En este tema se presenta la perspectiva de los estudiantes del curso, profesores y equipo directivo de la universidad. Se utilizó la metodología cualitativa de Estudio de Caso, cuyo campo de investigación fue las declaraciones de participantes de la reforma curricular en el curso de graduación en Odontología de la Universidade do Planalto Catarinense (UNIPLAC), en la ciudad de Lages –Estado de Santa Catarina. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas a lo largo de nueve meses en las que participaron los discentes de Odontología (currículo modular), los docentes de diferentes áreas de actuación y el equipo directivo de la universidad (el coordinador del curso, el jefe de Departamento y el pro-rector de Enseñanza). Además de las entrevistas, la recolección de datos incluyó el análisis documental y la observación (registros en diario de campo). Se analizaron los datos por medio del Análisis Textual Discursivo, propuesto por Moraes y Galiazzi (2007). Los resultados están reunidos en las siguientes categorías: 1) El proceso de reforma curricular: la propuesta posible de cambio en la formación; 2) Las tensiones del proceso: la diferencia entre la teoría pensada y la realidad percibida (La integración: condición esencial en el currículo modular / La organización o su falta / Cirujanos dentistas profesores o profesores cirujanos dentistas: la (im)pericia de los profesores del curso de Odontología / Evaluaciones, aprendizajes y currículo: dificultades de integración / La coordinación del curso de Odontología: ¿dónde está? / El nuevo emergente: el desafío del cambio); 3) El caminar del proceso y sus avances; 4) La vivencia del currículo integrado: un proceso continuo de aprendizaje y superación; 5) El curso de Odontología de la UNIPLAC: ¿qué vemos hacia el futuro? Se observó un largo y complejo proceso de elaboración de la nueva estructura curricular, especialmente en lo que se refirió a la participación y motivación de profesores en el colegiado del curso de Odontología. Profesores y estudiantes tuvieron dificultades en la comprensión de la propuesta, no obstante el método propuesto fue bien recibido y evaluado por los estudiantes de los distintos semestres del curso. Los nodos de mayor densidad del proceso de cambio curricular incluyen: falta de integralidad, organización y comunicación dentro de los módulos y entre estos; desconocimiento por parte de los profesores de la propuesta curricular; forma de contratación de los profesores en la institución; dificultad en el proceso de evaluación de los estudiantes; ineptitud del coordinador del curso; falta de capacitaciones para el colegiado del curso de Odontología (antes y después de la implantación del nuevo currículo). Hay la necesidad de la toma responsable en la conducción del proceso de reforma curricular y de una gestión más compartida y colectiva en la universidad.

The new higher education system of South Africa is in the process of transformation. Part of the transformation process involves raising the use and status of indigenous languages to become essential part of the country‟s higher education system. The constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act 108 of 1996) laid a foundation responding to the imperative regarding the use and status of indigenous languages. The Ministry of Education (Higher Education) pays special attention to fitting their education policies to the constitution by incorporating subsection 27(2) of the Higher Education Act, 1997 (Act 101 of 1997) that states “subject to the policy determined by the Minister, the council, with the concurrence of the senate, must determine the institutional language policy of a public higher education institution and must publish and make it available on request”. The Language Policy for Higher Education was published by the Ministry of Education in November 2002. Lastly, the Ministry of Education appointed a Ministerial Committee “to advise on the development of African (indigenous) languages as mediums of instruction in higher education.” This committee published its report in 2005. This study investigates the fit between government language policies and institutional language policies. The focus is on indigenous languages in the South African higher education system. The main purpose is to argue for the design of an integrated institutional language policy framework in a holistic way. The study population consisted of the 23 universities and the indigenous language academic staff. A case study and survey were used. All twenty-three indigenous language units from the 23 universities‟ departments were used in the survey section of this research. A random sample of respondents was used, all the respondents were indigenous language academic personnel. Questionnaires were sent to each one who agreed to participate. This questionnaire was the main research instrument for collecting data. The research showed that there is no fit between government language policies and institutional language policies. It is recommended that improvements in fit between government language policies and institutional language policies be embarked upon across the 23 universities‟ staff members and stakeholders (students). / African Languages / Thesis (D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages))

The thesis deals with the theoretic concept of Contextual Pedagogy and its application in the context of a disempowered and marginalized society, the Ju/'hoansi ("Bushmen") of Nyae Nyae in North Eastern Namibia. Contextual Pedagogy derives from the notion of Contextual Theology and is thus initially based on a pedagogical analysis of the KAI ROS-Document, whereby its sociopolitical content and its inherent methodology are being transferred into a context of pedagogy. Referring to theoretical concepts of Critical Theory and Liberation Pedagogy, Conditional Fields are being identified in a first analysis which determine and explain the pedagogical situation in a colonial context of Apartheid South Africa. During a three-year qualitative field research, central aspects of Contextual Pedagogy are being applied within the framework of the development of a post-colonial and community-based school programme in Nyae Nyae, the Village Schools Project. This school programme comprises a curriculum for a teacher training course as well as a curriculum for Grade 1-3 learners in five selected villages of Nyae Nyae, and is based on the dynamic processes between the communities, the Student Teachers and the author as their Teacher Trainer and Village Schools Co-ordinator. A further theoretical evaluation and reflexion of the field research gives rise to a pedagogical superstructure of Contextual Pedagogy, which also investigates the notions of power, empowerment and over-empowerment within a context of development work. By doing so, the previous Conditional Fields of pedagogic work within a theoretical framework of Contextual Pedagogy become extended in relevance for a pedagogical context of a post-colonial society with special reference to marginalized subjects. In conclusion, the finalization of the research project and its subsequent handing-over process to the Namibian government analyzes the paralyzing effects of an excessive bureaucracy, and the resurgence of conservative and colonial thought in the young and fragile democracy of Namibia. / Educational Studies / D.Ed.(Didactics)

At the best of times, education policy implementation is a difficult and uncertain process. Taking this as a point of departure, the researcher advanced the hypothesis that education policy implementation in a society in transition: is accompanied by a fragmentation of the pre-transition coherence in interpersonal relations among policy actors; is affected by a heightening of value conflicts and the emergence of competing interpretive schemes; is influenced by the perceived self-interest of policy actors; is affected by changing power relationships and structural adjustments; and reflects a general weakening of interpersonal, cultural, and structural linkages that had evolved in pre-transition years. The Indian education system in South Africa was studied as an exemplar of a system located in a society in transition. The data collated by means of three research strategies - historical report, questionnaire, and structured interview - gave strong support to the hypothesis. In addition, they pointed to the significance of variables such as policy content and policy quality, political interference and pressure, bias and favouritism among senior officials, religious, sectional, and language loyalties of participants, and loss of job satisfaction and morale among policy actors. These findings were discussed against the background of relevant literature. This concluded in the development_gf a theoretical model to explain education policy implementation in a society in transition. Basically, the model suggests that socio-political struggles in the larger society tend. to be replicated in the micro-contexts of the education system, producing fundamental alterations in the interpersonal, cultural, and structural aspects of the system, a general weakening of system linkages, and a progressive de-coupling of system components. All these changes recursively impact on and are impacted on by policymaking and policy implementation processes and outcomes. These impacts, however, tend to occur in a non-standard, nonlinear manner. The theoretical underpinnings of the model emerge from general systems theory, modern social systems theory, chaos/ complexity theory, conflict theory, structuration theory, organisation change theory, and loosely coupled systems theory. Finally, the study concludes with general propositions relating to education policy implementation in a society in transition and a set of research and management-oriented recommendations. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Educational Management)

Text in English, abstract in English and Afrikaans / Dramatic changes in Newfoundland's environment and global developments during the past decade, significantly influenced growing demands for restructuring the education system of Newfoundland. Responding to these demands, Newfoundland educators succeeded in creating a single unified non-denominational education system which became fully operational at the beginning of the 1998/99 school year. This achievement has been hailed by the majority of Newfoundlanders as a monumental landmark in the provinces' lengthy experience with denominational education. As well, it is viewed as pivotal in achieving educational excellence and ensuring that children receive a relevant education that will prepare them for the demands of the next century. The former education system (which consisted of four separate denominational school systems operated jointly by the church and the state) had become too cumbersome and inefficient, thus adversely affecting the quality of education. This thesis looks in particular at the contextual realities and perspectives that influenced the demands for changing the system. Such factors as the declining school population, economic conditions, technological developments, as well as legal and political issues have distinctly changed the Newfoundland society during the past number of years, hence the necessity to restructure the education system. The thesis furthermore discusses the proposed government model for restructuring the system and highlights the proposals for improving education. It also focuses briefly on the minority rights issue in Canada, as this has bearing on the legal rights of the church to educate in Newfoundland and its current role within the new structure. An evaluation of Newfoundland's educational reform initiatives (which includes the views of key educators in Newfoundland on these issues), deals with some of the problem areas which currently exist within the new system. However, the focus centres mainly on the obvious improvements in such areas as management, organization, parent involvement, curriculum development, educational achievement and accountability. The impact of these reforms on the social, educational and political dimensions of the Newfoundland society will only become evident in time, yet they hold the promise of having a lasting impact on educational achievement. The remarkable feature of the whole reform process is, that it was achieved from within. / Die ingrypende veranderings wat die Newfoundlandse gemeenskap oor die afgelope dekade ondergaan het, tesame met ontwikkelings op wereldvlak, het aanleiding gegee tot toenemende eise om die onderwysstelsel van Newfoundland te herstruktureer. Gevolglik onderneem die Newfoundlandse regering 'n omvattende herondersoek van die onderwys wat lei tot die vorming van 'n enkele, openbare, ge'integreerde onderwysstelsel wat aan die begin van die skooljaar 1998/99 in werking tree. Hierdie prestasie word as 'n besondere keerpunt in die onderwys deur Newfoundlanders beskou, aangesien die behoud en vooruitgang van die Newfoundlandse gemeenskap en onderwys daardeur verseker word. Voorheen het die onderwysstelsel uit vier afsonderlike kerkskoolstelsels bestaan wat gesamentlik deur die staat en kerk op alle vlakke beheer en bestuur is. Hierdie eiesoortige struktuur het die onderwys al hoe meer belemmer en opvoedkundiges genoodsaak om dit te hersien. Hierdie studie kyk eerstens na die vergestaltende faktore en lewensbeskouings wat die onderwys in Newfoundland ten diepste raak. Faktore soos dalende geboortegetalle, ekonomiese toestande, tegnologiese en staatkundige ontwikkelings dra veral by tot die veranderde leefwereld van die Newfoundlander en noop die regering om die onderwysstelsel daarby aan te pas en 'n onderwysmodel vir die toekoms te ontwerp. Hierdie onderwysmodel wat alle komponente asook die struktuur van die onderwysstelsel aanraak, word vervolgens ontleed. Aandag word ook gewy aan die kwessie van minderheidsregte in Kanada, omdat dit die kerk se reg om onderwys in Newfoundland te bedryf, raak. Laastens word die onderwyshervormings vanuit sekere perspektiewe in oenskou geneem en die standpunte van sommige Newfoundlandse opvoedkundiges word gestel. In die slotbeskouing word ook enkele probleme ge'identifiseer. Die bespreking word egter hoofsaaklik gewy aan aspekte van die onderwys wat alreeds verbetering toon soos onder andere onderwysbeheer en onderwysorganisasie, ouerbetrokkenheid, curriculumontwikkeling en onderwyskundige ontwikkeling. Die toekoms sal bepaal hoe hierdie omvangryke en omvattende onderwysveranderings die sosio-kulturele dimensies van die Newfoundlandse gemeenskap sal be'invloed, terwyl dit die belofte inhou om 'n dinamiese verbetering te bewerkstellig. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Comparative Education)