Introduktion - Vid rekrytering, tycker arbetsgivare att de traditionella metoderna är en kostsam process som tar tid och bidrar med för lite information för att göra en lyckad rekrytering. Sociala mediers framväxt, har bidragit med en annan form av information som har fått arbetsgivare att vilja använda sociala medier i rekryteringsprocessen. Det finns många fördelar med att använda sociala medier, dock finns det minst lika många nackdelar. Syfte - Syftet med denna uppsats är att öka medvetenheten hos arbetsgivare om användandet av sociala medier vid granskning av profiler i rekryteringsprocessen. Problemformulering - För att besvara vårt syfte valde vi att utgå från två problemformuleringar; hur använder arbetsgivare sociala medier vid granskning av profiler i rekryteringsprocessen samt vilka fördelar respektive nackdelar finns det med användandet av sociala medier för arbetsgivare när de granskar kandidaters profiler i rekryteringsprocessen? Metod - Vi utgick från en deduktiv ansats och kvantitativ metod. Vi började med att skapa en teoretisk modell som sedan låg till grund för vår empiriska insamling. Vi genomförde en tvärsnittsstudie då vi ville få ett generaliserat svar. Utifrån den kvantitativa metoden skapade vi en muntlig enkät och intervjuade 300 företag i Kalmar stad. Svaren vi fick under intervjuerna har analyserats med en deskriptiv analys. Resultat - Arbetsgivare som använder sociala medier i rekryteringsprocessen, ansåg att det var för att de fick tillgång till bättre, säkrare, mer sann och en större mängd information och att det var en enklare, billigare och snabbare urvalsmetod. Anledningen som dominerade bland de arbetsgivare som använder sociala medier, var att de ansåg sig kunna utläsa personligheten bättre via sociala medier och att det gjorde rekryteringen mycket mer rolig än de traditionella metoderna. Det var en mycket större andel av företagen vi intervjuade som inte använder sociala medier än de som använde det. Anledningarna varierade till att inte använda sociala medier, för att det var för osäkert, kändes oprofessionellt, var för avancerat, det fanns inga tydliga riktlinjer, det var intrång på privatlivet samt att informationen uppfattades som otrovärdig. Arbetsgivare var generellt nöjda med de traditionella metoderna. Slutsats - Det finns många fler nackdelar än fördelar med att använda sociala medier, enligt både teorin och de arbetsgivare vi intervjuade. De fördelar som finns med att använda sociala medier är dock mycket fördelaktiga men på grund av att det inte finns riktlinjer och lagar kring sociala medier, så väljer många arbetsgivare bort sociala medier och använder sig istället av de traditionella metoderna. I dagsläget verkar det som att sociala medier har en negativ klang i samhället då det anses sudda ut gränsen mellan privatliv och arbetsliv. Vi tror dock att det kommer ske en skiftning och att sociala medier kommer att utvecklas och användas mer i rekryteringsprocessen. Sociala medier kommer enligt oss, att bli en vanlig och accepterad urvalsmetod i framtiden, då fler arbetsgivare blir medvetna om sociala mediers fördelar och hur de undviker dess nackdelar. / Introduction - When recruiting, employers think that the traditional methods is an expensive process that takes time and contributes too little information to make a successful recruitment. Social media's emergence, has contributed to another form of information that has made employers wanting to use social media in the recruitment process. The benefits of using social media are many, but there are just as many disadvantages. Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness among employers about the use of social media in the examination of profiles in the recruitment process. Problem formulation - To answer our purpose, we chose to start from the two problem formulations; how are employers using social media in the examination of profiles in the recruitment process and what advantages and disadvantages are there with the use of social media for employers, when they review the candidates' profiles in the recruitment process? Method - We used a quantitative method and we had a deductive approach. We began by creating a theoretical model that was the basis for our empirical collection. We conducted a cross-sectional study because we wanted to get a generalized answer and with an oral survey, we interviewed 300 companies in Kalmar town. The responses we received during the interviews have been approached through a descriptive analysis. Results - Employers using social media in the recruitment process, felt that it was because they had access to better, safer, truer, and a greater amount of information and that it was a simpler, cheaper and faster method of selection. The reason that dominated among the employers using social media was because they felt able to deduce personality better through social media and it made recruitment much more fun than the traditional methods. It was a much larger proportion of the companies we interviewed who are not using social media than those who used it. The reasons for not using social media was that it was too unsafe, felt unprofessional, was too advanced, there were no clear guidelines, it was infringing on privacy, and information was perceived as not true. The employers were generally satisfied with the traditional methods. Conclusion - There are many more disadvantages than advantages to using social media, according to both the theory and the employers we interviewed. The benefits of using social media are very advantageous but that is because of that there are no guidelines and laws around social media, many employers choose not to use social media and use the traditional methods instead. In this current moment, it seems that social media has a negative connotation in the society, because it is considered to blur the line between private and professional life. However, we believe that there will be a shift and that social media will be developed and used more in the recruitment process, in the future. Social media will, in our opinion, become a common and accepted method of selection in the future, as more employers becomes aware of social media's benefits and how to avoid its disadvantages.

Background In 2010, the Swedish government introduced a system of subsidies for occupational health (OH) service interventions, as a part in a general policy promoting early return to work. The aim of this study was to analyse the implementation of these subsidies, regarding how they were used and perceived. Methods The study was carried out using a mixed-methods approach, and comprises material from six sub-studies: a register study of the use of the subsidies, one survey to OH service providers, one survey to employers, one document analysis of the documentation from interventions, interviews with stakeholders, and case interviews with actors involved in coordinated interventions. Results The subsidized services were generally perceived as positive but were modestly used. The most extensive subsidy – for coordinated interventions – was rarely used. Employers and OH service providers reported few or no effects on services and contracts. OH service providers explained the modest use in terms of already having less bureaucratic routines in place, where applying for subsidies would involve additional costs. Information about the subsidies was primarily communicated to OH service providers, while employers were not informed. Conclusions The study highlights the complexity of promoting interventions through financial incentives, since their implementation requires that they are perceived by the stakeholders involved as purposeful, manageable and cost-effective. There are inherent political challenges in influencing stakeholders who act on a free market, in that the impact of policies may be limited, unless they are enforced by law. / <p>Funding Agencies|Swedish Social Insurance Agency||Ministry of Health and Social Affairs||</p>

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the employers’ responsibilities for rehabilitation of employees in Sweden, who due to illness or injury are unable to work. The process of the rehabilitation will be analyzed in a gender perspective. A minor comparative study about rehabilitation in Denmark will also be carried out. The purpose is to see how the process of the rehabilitation is designed for those who due to illness or injury are unable to work, which factors that affects the rehabilitation and which differences there are between Denmark and Sweden regarding the employers responibility for rehabilitation. A juridical method has been used for in this study. It is mainly the social insurance office, the employer and the employee who have the responsibilities for the process of the rehabilitation. The social insurance offices foremost function is to coordinate and supervise the efforts, which are needed for the rehabilitation. The employers shall take actions which are needed for an effective rehabilitation, have responsibility for the systematic work environment management and give the social insurance office the information that is needed. The employees responsibility is to participate in the planning of the rehabilitation and in the actual rehabilitation as good as possible. There are many factors which affect the rehabilitation for those who due to illness or injury are unable to work. It can for example be the employees own participation in the rehabilitation, the systematic work environment management and the size of the company. There are differences between Sweden and Denmark regarding the employers responsibility for the rehabilitation. The most important difference is that the employer in Denmark does not have any responsibilities for the rehabilitation. There is also a difference between the countries in the employment security.

This study is about the Mongolian circus performers who work in Taiwan. Do their skills influence the outcome of their work conditions in Taiwan? This qualitative research carries out with interviews and participation observations. It explores Mongolian circus performers¡¦ working conditions, and the problems they face in different environments. The author has made several fieldwork trips to three places, and interviewed 17 performers. It contends that Mongolian circus performers are not in a disadvantaged industrial relations position due to, first, they are skilled labor; second, there is no clear rule regarding circus performers by Taiwan government; and third, the contract is clearly written about working contents, which makes the conflict less likely between migrant workers and employer.

<p>This study aims at defining the development of the macro/meso level Swedish labourmarket regime during the last decade. This includes the effect of structural changesand what development tendencies exist. For this purpose three questions have beenformulated:1. How can the macro/meso level relations between the labour market organizations of the bargainingrounds since 1997 be described using the concepts exit, voice and loyalty as an interpretation oforganizational choices?2. How can the changing relations between the labour market organizations be explained?3. Based on this, how can the present labour market regime be defined?For this purpose the concept of labour market regimes is used. The interactionbetween actors in this is interpreted through a cooperative game theory coupled withthe concepts exit, voice, loyalty. Exit means the actors leaving the system,corresponding to the negotiation game threats. Voice means negotiation conflictresolution. Loyalty both correspond to coalition patterns and forces keeping theregime in place. Material is informant interviews with key actors and officialdocuments from bargaining and negotiation. The results of the study are that therelations have been stabilized by the IA of 1997, since which the development istowards increased peak-level organizational involvement. Because of labour marketfragmentation this takes the form in confederation coordination between differentparties. To conceptualize this I propose the concept peak-level coordinatedbargaining. In this the coalition development is towards the reemergence of oldloyalty patterns and the inclusion of new actors in this system. To explain this pathdependency due to well established loyalties and actor continuity is suggested.</p>

Nors galimybė dirbti yra traktuojama kaip viena pagrindinių asmens teisių bei visaverčio gyvenimo prielaidų, tačiau neįgalieji vis dar patiria rimtus adaptacijos darbo rinkoje sunkumus. Tam, kad užtikrinti ne tik pačių neįgaliųjų bet ir visos visuomenės socialinį bei ekonominį gerbūvį, labai svarbu suprasti ir palyginti, kaip neįgaliųjų padėtį bei galimybes darbo rinkoje traktuoja darbdaviai, darbuotojai ir patys neįgalieji. Tokių tyrimų stoka Lietuvoje neleidžia tiksliai įvertinti realios situacijos, bei neįgaliųjų galimybių kintančioje darbo rinkoje. Visa tai leido suformuluoti tyrimo problemą: asmenų su fizine negalia integracijos darbo rinkoje galimybių vertinimas darbdavių, darbuotojų ir pačių neįgaliųjų požiūriu. Problemos suformulavimas leido iškelti tokią hipotezę: darbdavių, darbuotojų ir neįgaliųjų netinkamas asmenų su fizine negalia darbo rinkos galimybių traktavimas, stipriai apsunkina asmenų su fizine negalia integraciją darbo rinkoje. Tyrimo problema ir hipotezės iškėlimas leido apibrėžti tyrimo objektą: asmenų su fizine negalia galimybių darbo rinkoje vertinimą darbdavių, darbuotojų ir neįgaliųjų požiūriu. Iškeltai tyrimo hipotezei patikrinti buvo siekiama tikslo: išanalizuoti asmenų su fizine negalia integracijos darbo rinkoje galimybes darbdavių, darbuotojų ir neįgaliųjų požiūriu. Siekiant užsibrėžto tikslo darbe buvo keliami tokie tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Ištirti, kaip asmenų su fizine negalia integracijos darbo rinkoje galimybes vertina I, II ir III-čios... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Even if possibility to work is treated as one of the main person’s right and regular prerequisite of life, however persons with disabilities still have hard experience in labour market. For that reason, it is very important to understand and compare how employers, employees and disabled people treat the facilities of people with physical disabilities in labour market, then we could make social and economic goodness not only for disabled, but for all social. The lack of research like this in Lithuania, do not let strictly value the real situation and facilities of disabled in variable labour market. All this let me to formulate the problem of this research: the evaluation of integration facilities of people with physical disabilities in labour market from employers, employees and disabled people attitude. This problem let me to moot this hypothesis: wrong treat of people with physical disabilities labour market’s facilities from employers, employees and disabled peoples, makes harder integration for people with physical disabilities in labour market. The problem or research and mooted hypothesis let me to describe the object of research: the facilities evaluation of employers, employees and disabled people. Because of need to examine for mooted hypothesis, it was fallowing for this purpose: to exam the facilities of people with physical disabilities in labour market from employers, employees and disabled people attitude. At fallowing for this study, it was posed these... [to full text]

Santrauka Baigiamojo darbo autorius: Rokas Grinius Pilnas baigiamojo darbo pavadinimas: Darbuotojų motyvavimo sistemos sukūrimas AB PB „Urmas“ Baigiamojo darbo vadovas: Prof., dr., Irena Bakanauskienė Baigiamojo darbo atlikimo vieta ir metai: Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, Ekonomikos ir vadybos fakultetas, Kaunas, 2012 Puslapių skaičius: 61 Lentelių skaičius: 7 Paveikslų skaičius: 16 Priedų skaičius: 1 Baigiamojo darbo tikslas – sukurti efektyvią AB PB „Urmas“ darbuotojų motyvavimo sistemą. Teorinėje darbo dalyje analizuojama darbuotojų motyvavimo svarba sėkmingai įmonės veiklai, apžvelgiamos skirtingos motyvavimo teorijos, apibrėžiamos skirtingos darbuotojų motyvavimo priemonės, jų apjungimas į kompleksinę motyvavimo sistemą. Analitinėje dalyje tiriamas AB PB „Urmas“ darbuotojų motyvavimas,trumpai pristatoma pati įmonė, jos veikla, darbuotojų motyvavimo priemonės, taip pat šioje dalyje pristatomi ir analizuojami įmonėje atlikti darbuotojų motyvavimo tyrimai ir jų rezultatai. Projektinėje darbo dalyje suformuluoti tokie sprendimai, kurie yra apjungti į kompleksinę darbuotojų motyvavimo sistemą: darbo apmokėjimo sistemos tobulinimo sprendimai, vadovų ir darbuotojų komunikavimo gerinimosprendimai, materialinių motyvavimo priemonių taikymo sprendimai, nematerialinių motyvavimo priemonių taikymo sprendimai. / Abstract Author of diploma paper: Rokas Grinius Full title of diploma paper: The Establishing of Motivavtion System in AB PB „Urmas“ Diploma paper advisor: Prof., dr., Irena Bakanauskienė Presented at: Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Economics and Management, Kaunas, 2012 Number of pages: 61 Number of tables: 7 Number of figures: 16 Number of appendixes: 1 The main goal of this master paper is to create the effective personnel motivation system for the company AB PB „Urmas“. In the theory analysis part of this paper the theory of personnel motivation is analyzed, different attitudes towardsmotivation theories are presented, also different motivation tools and their integration into the complex system are presented. In the situation analysis part the research of AB PB „Urmas“ personnel motivation is conducted, and on the basis of this research the weak points of AB PB „Urmas“ personnel motivation are presented. In the project part of this papers main conclusions and solutions, how to improve the personnel motivation in the company are provided: the salary improvement solutions, solutions of the improvement of the communication between employees and their managers, material and non-material motivation tools implementation solutions.

A critical task of social policy in most Western welfare states during recent decades has consisted of reducing the economic burden on society due to sick leave, by stimulating participation in the labour market. Many jurisdictions have introduced activation policies, based on the premise that work “per se” has a therapeutic effect on sick-listed workers. People are expected to be “active”, rather than “passive”, recipients of financial benefits. However, there is limited knowledge of how activation policies focusing on return to work (RTW) are carried out in local practice. Against this background, the overall aim of this thesis is to study the local practice of activation policies by analysing how they are received, implemented and experienced by welfare state organizations, employers and sick-listed workers. The analysis has been influenced by theories concerning organization fields, individualization, street-level bureaucracy and organizational governance. In this thesis, the overall aim is investigated in four interrelated papers. In Paper I, the aim is to analyse the perspectives of stakeholders (i.e. welfare state actors and employers) on work ability by studying multistakeholder meetings. Paper II sheds light on activation policy, focusing on early RTW in the context of modern working conditions; the aim is to analyse RTW practice in local workplace contexts, in relation to Swedish early-RTW policy. The third paper focuses on employers, with the aim of analysing their role and activities regarding RTW, in local workplace practice. In Paper IV, the aim is to analyse sick-listed workers’ experiences of the sickness insurance system in their contact with the Swedish Social Insurance Agency (SSIA) and their front-line staff. The empirical material comprises two empirical studies: 1) audio-recorded multi-stakeholder meetings from regular practice (n=9) and 2) semi-structured interviews with sick-listed workers and their supervisors in 18 workplaces (n=36). The analyses of the material have been performed in accordance with the principles of qualitative content analysis. Main findings of the papers reflect strong organizational boundaries in the implementation process of activation policies. Welfare state actors and employers appear to be governed by their own organizational logics and interests, so the actors involved fail to take a holistic view of sick-listed workers and do not share a common social responsibility for individuals’ RTW. This thesis illustrates how current activation policies focusing on RTW are based on a rather idealized image of the standard workplace. There is an explicit or implicit assumption that employers and work organizations are able to welcome sick-listed workers back to work in a healthy way. However, the intensity of modern working life leaves limited room for accommodating people with reduced work ability, who are not considered to have a business value to the workplace. In several cases, findings indicate that the SSIA’s focus on activation and early RTW clashes with the financially oriented perspective of employers. Economic considerations regarding their business take precedence over legal and ethical considerations, and employers have difficulty taking social responsibility for RTW. Sick-listed workers are encouraged to adjust to new workplace settings and environments to meet the demands of the workplace, and, if RTW is not possible, to the demands of the labour market. The findings also show that sick-listed workers experience that contacts with the SSIA are ‘standardized’; i.e., they perceive that the officials are loyal  to demands in their organizations rather than being involved actors who support workers’ individual needs. Sick-listed workers clearly experience that measures in Swedish activation policies have a strong focus on demanding aspects (financial work incentives) and less on enabling aspects (investments in skills). Overall, this thesis illustrates an emerging social climate where sick-listed workers are positioned as active agents who must take responsibility for their sick leave and their RTW process. In a Swedish context, RTW is a matter of activating the sick-listed rather than activating the workplace.

Background: The skills and competencies of the professionals in the supply chain sector have been highlighted since the 1960s as an area of academic interest. In modern days there are reports and articles highlighting a “skills-gap” between employers’ requirements and business graduates. In the meanwhile youth unemployment is a contemporary, acknowledged European problem and therefore there shouldn’t be a gap between supply and demand of young talents. Therefore it raises questions as to why employers report lack of young talents and at the same time youth unemployment is on the rise. Purpose: The present thesis will answer part of the abovementioned questions. More specifically it will measure the part of employers’ expectations. For that reason it will investigate in a transparent and systematic way, the requirements that employers state they expect from business graduates within the supply chain function through published job advertisements. Method: Empirical data consist of 60 publically available job advertisements aiming at supply chain graduates. The collected empirical data were analysed by the means of quantitative content analysis and then cluster analysis.Results and conclusion: The contemporary supply chain graduate is expected to demonstrate an all-around personality. The most frequently requested skills were teamwork, problem-solving ability, effective communication, English, and having a responsible, mature and professional attitude. Suggestions for future research: A longitudinal study in a broader linguistic context would raise awareness on emerging skills and track changes over time.

The existing British partnership literature is notoriously polarised. Two main streams of research have emerged. Early empirical work focused upon trade union representative capacity outcomes, in other words does partnership represent a threat or opportunity to the beleaguered trade union movement. Many of the conclusions have been negative, suggesting that partnership is a dangerous strategy for trade unions. More recent empirical work has focused upon the extent to which partnership offers mutual gains outcomes to employers, trade unions and employees. While much of the research has been pessimistic, various typologies of partnership have emerged, suggesting a variety of possible outcomes. However, despite the abundance of literature, three particular limitations are noteworthy. Firstly, few studies consider how partnership plays out in different contexts. Secondly, little attention has been given to understanding more about the process of partnership. Thirdly, there are limitations to the way outcomes have been assessed. Crude use of labour outcomes, such as job losses or pay levels may tell us nothing about the quality of employment relations. Accordingly, the study has five main objectives. Firstly, partnership is explored in a variety of organisational contexts. Secondly, particular attention is paid to what partnership means to organisational actors. Thirdly, the study focuses upon two indicators of partnership process: the nature of relationships between actors, and the way issues are handled and decisions are made. Indeed, it is argued that one cannot fully understand the outcomes without exploring both process and context. Fourthly, outcomes for management, unions and employees are explored, as well as wider societal goals. Finally, the study considers some of the main challenges to partnership in the UK. Given the nature of the research questions, qualitative methods were thought to be most appropriate. In particular, a case study research design was employed focusing on three organisations in the thriving financial service sector, thus offering a very different context to traditional IR - and partnership – research in manufacturing and public services. The study also offers insights into partnership in both union and non-union firms. The bulk of the data was obtained through semi-structured interviews with a range of managers, representatives and employees in each organisation, as well as interviews with trade union officials. This was supplemented by documentary analysis and non-participant observation. Thus, the thesis makes several important contributions. Firstly, it offers fresh empirical evidence into partnership working in the UK, drawn from a variety of contexts within the internationally important financial service sector. Since the outcomes of partnership are difficult to measure the study also considers issues of process which are overlooked in the existing research. Actor relationships and bargaining explored in relation to models of integrative and distributive bargaining as proposed by Walton and McKersie (1965). Decision making processes are also explored by developing the analytical framework proposed by Budd (2004), which has not been widely employed in British industrial relations research. The thesis therefore offers a different way of evaluating the outcomes of partnership for various stakeholders, and avoids conflating union attitudes with employee opinions. In this way, the research transcends the recent advocates/critics stalemate in the literature.